This document provides information about muscle origins and insertions. It defines origin as the attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone, and insertion as the attachment to a moving bone. Examples are given of the origin and insertion points for several muscles like the bicep, gastrocnemius, and hamstrings. A table identifies the origin and insertion of additional muscles. The document also discusses antagonistic muscle pairs, with agonists being prime movers that contract to cause movement, and antagonists relaxing to allow movement. Examples of muscle pairings for motions like elbow flexion are provided.

1. Anatomy & Physiology for Sport Origins & Insertions Session 10

2. Session Aim/Objectives Aim Gain knowledge of muscles & origin/insertions for part of task 7 on the assignment Objectives List names of muscles in the body (Re-cap) Identify origin/insertion of different muscles

3. Lesson Re-cap Name the different types of muscles What is the difference between Voluntary & involuntary muscles?

4. Muscular Attachment Muscles are attached to bones via t….s Tendons are inelastic and inflexible Muscles have a a point of o…..n and a point of i…………n . The attachment of muscle tendon to a stationary bone is called the point of origin The attachment of a muscle tendon to a bone that moves is called the point of insertion

5. The insertion is where the tendon of the muscle joins the moving bone(s). The Origin and Insertion When a muscle contracts, only one bone moves leaving the other stationary. The points at which the tendons are attached to the bone are known as the origin and the insertion. Origin Insertion The radius and ulna are the moving bones. The origin is where the tendon of the muscle joins the stationary bone(s). The arm is being flexed. The humerus and scapula are stationary bones.

6. Origin & Insertion Example: Bicep Origin = scapula Insertion = radius

7. Task 1 Attempt to name the insertion and origin on the following muscles Gastrocnemius Hamstrings Quadriceps Tricep Bicep Trapezius Deltoid

8. Origin and Insertion Muscle Origin Insertion Gastrocnemius Back of femur Calcaneum (Heel bone) Hamstrings Pelvis femur Quadriceps Top of femur/pelvis Through patella onto tibia

9. Origin and Insertion Muscle Origin Insertion Tricep Scapula and humerus Ulna and forearm Bicep Scapula Radius Trapezius Base of cranium and thoracic vertbrae Clavicle and scapula Deltoids Clavicle and scapula Top of humerus

10. Conclusion Muscles have a point of…………and a point of………….., What do they mean? What is the insertion and origin of the hamstring muscle? Next Session – Antagonistic muscle pairings

11. Session 11 Anatomy & Physiology For Sport Antagonistic Muscle Pairings

12. Session Aim/Objectives Aim Gain knowledge of antagonistic pairs for part of task 7 on the assignment Objectives All will Identify antagonistic muscle pairs from different movements at joints Some will identify muscle pairings used through different types of movements

13. Re-cap previous session Name as many muscles as you can in the human body!

14. Antagonistic Muscle Pairs Agonist -- A muscle that produces a desired action is the prime mover or agonist (biceps brachii for flexion of the forearm). Antagonist -- The muscle that opposes the desired motion is the antagonist ; it must be relaxed while the agonist is contracted (triceps brachii for flexion of the forearm).

15. Skeletal muscles work across a joint and are attached to the bones by strong cords known as tendons. Movement of the arm at the elbow Antagonistic Muscles They work in pairs, each contracting or relaxing in turn to create movement.

16. Agonist or Prime Mover (Biceps contract) The muscle doing the work (contracting) and creating the movement is called the agonist or prime mover. Flexion (Bending) of the Arm Antagonist (Triceps relax) The muscle which is relaxing and letting the movement take place is called the antagonist.

17. Flexion of the Arm Drag each label to the correct place on the arm. (Although both flexion and extension are shown, the labels only refer to flexion).

18. Activity – What are these muscles paired with? Pectorals / Anterior deltoids / Trapezius / Spinae erector / Right external obliques / Hamstrings / Gastrocnemius / Triceps /

19. Different muscle pairs Pectorals / Latissimuss Dorsi Anterior deltoids / Posterior deltoids Trapezius / Deltoids Spinae erector / Rectus abdominus Right external obliques / Left external obliques Hamstrings / Quadriceps Gastrocnemius / Tibialis anterior Triceps / Biceps

20. Task In pairs think of 3 movements and provide the agonist & antagonist for each muscle pairing.

21. Locate and name the following parts involved in the extension of the arm: Origin Insertion Triceps: agonist (prime mover) contracting muscle Biceps: antagonist relaxing muscle Scapula Humerus Radius Ulna Metacarpals Phalanges Carpals Extension (Straightening) of the Arm Agonist (prime mover) Antagonist Origin Insertion Any Bones

22. Extension of the Arm Drag each label to the correct place on the arm. (Although both flexion and extension are shown, the labels only refer to extension).

23. Task In the table provided name the muscles being used in the following movements and determine which is the agonist/antagonist * It may help to carry the movement out Push-up Calf stretch Chest press Tricep dip

24. Conclusion Muscles work in p…., they have an a……….and a ………..., what does each do? Q. If the knee joint is flexed what muscles are relaxing/contracting Next session – Types of muscular contraction