The document explains various types of electronic sensors, including infrared (IR), TSOP, ultrasonic, and sharp sensors, detailing their functions and applications. It highlights how these sensors convert environmental inputs into electronic signals for easier processing, emphasizing the advantages and specific uses of each type. Additionally, it briefly mentions other sensors like temperature, humidity, and acceleration sensors, noting their integration and practicality.

1. By
Shyam Agarwal
Swetha supriya mutchi
2nd E.C.E

2. A sensor is a device which is used to
sense the surroundings of it & gives
some useful information about it.
This information is used based on our
requirement.
An electronic sensor gives the
information by giving some electronic
signal.
This information is used to perform a
given task which needs interaction with
the surroundings.
What is a Sensor?

3. Electronic
SENSORS

4. What does an electronic sensor
do?
• An electronic Sensor takes the input from its
surroundings(thermally, mechanically,
luminously etc.) and converts that input in an
electronic signal which can be processed
more easily than the original input.
• Few electronic sensors are IR sensor,
TSOP sensor, SHARP, Ultrasonic, etc.

5. Infrared Sensor
Infrared sensors use the infrared radiation to
detect some object & gives information about
it.
Infrared (IR) sensors are sensitive to infrared
range. Since IR is invisible to human eyes, it
will not disturb humans if used in devices
that project the light out. If a device needs
light to measure a large distance for
navigation purpose, IR can be used without
attracting attention or disturbing anyone.

6. Application of IR sensor
IR sensor is the most basic sensor & it's used in basic
applications.
IR sensor has an emitter & receiver pair. The emitter
LED emits IR & if the surface near to the emitter is
black thenthe IR light gets absorbed & the receiver
doesn't get any value, but if the surface is
reflective(white in color) then the IR light gets
reflected & the receiver receives a logical HIGH.
So an IR sensor can be used basic applications like
making a Linefollower
in which the bot needs
to detect a line & follow
the line.

7. SPECIFIC USAGE OF IR
SENSORS
This sensor can be used mostly for indoor
applications where the effect of ambient
light is minimum.
1.Line follower : Most of you must have
used them.
2. Block detection: This sensor can be used
to detect a block.

8. TSOP SENSORS
TSOP sensor is a series of IR receiver which is
capable of receiving IR radiation modulated
at some particular frequency.
The working is same as IR sensors but it's a
receiver. We need to use an LED to do the
work of an emitter and we can
modulatethe signal by providing
an electric signal which will
generate the required frequency
for detection.

9. Application of TSOP sensor
The range of TSOP is more than the common
IR sensor. The range is around 15 cm & this
can be varied using the circuit which is used.
As TSOP only works in a particular frequency,
it doesn't get affected by the ambient light
condition.
So this sensor is perfect for medium range
object detection.
The commonly used TSOP is TSOP1738 which
detects radiation at 38 Khz frequency.

10. TSOP SENSOR MODULE

11. Advantage of TSOP over IR Sensor
• The ambient conditions hardly affect the
data given by the Sensor.
• The range of TSOP(around 5 cm to 25
cm) is more than normal IR sensor.
• As the range can be modulated, it's very
convenient to use TSOP which can
change its working range according to
the given parameters.

12. Ultrasonic Sensor
Ultrasonic sensors are mainly used to
measure the distance of the obstacle and
speed of air or water.
They can also be used to measure the
amount of liquid in tank, as humidifiers,
Burglar alar, non-destructive testing etc.

13. How ultrasonic sensors work?
Ultrasonic sensors generate high frequency
(18000 Hz) sound waves and evaluate the echo
which is received back by the sensor.
Sensors calculate the time interval between
sending the signal and receiving the echo to
determine the distance to the reflecting
object.

14. Advantages of Ultrasonic Sensors
• Discrete distance of moving objects can be
measured.
• The received values doesn't gets affected by
colors of the object.
• Resistance to external disturbances, such
as IR radiation, Vibration, ambient noise,etc.
• The range of detection is very large which
makes the Sensor useful in many
applications.
• Highly accurate within a range.

15. Applications of Ultrasonic Sensors
• Ultrasonic sensors are one of the best sensors
for accurate distance measurements within a
given range.
• This sensor can be used anywhere where task is
to detect some object within a distance or
maintain a specific distance from a given wall etc.
• There can be many other application where this
can be used trickily.

17. SHARP SENSOR
SHARP sensors are very accurate distance
measuring analog sensors that gives an
analog output based on the distance of
the object from the sensor.
The sensor readings are highly
accurate(within a range ofcourse).
There are different SHARP sensors
available with different range of
application.

18. • SHARP sensors are a popular choice for many
projects that require accurate distance
measurements.
• This is also a kind of IR sensor which is more
economical than sonar rangefinders, yet it provides
better performance than other IR alternatives.
• The analog output can be used in many way by the
microcontroller. The analog value can be converted
in digital value, or it can be compared by putting a
threshold, or 2 SHARPs can be used to match the
distance, etc.
• There is almost no effect of the ambient lights, so
this sensor is a very convenient to use as an
electronic sensor.
Advantages

19. Other Useful Sensors
Few others sensors are:
•LM35: This is an IC which is used to
measure temperature. The analog output of
this IC is
•proportional to the temperature in *C.
•Humidity Sensor: This sensor is used
to measure the relative humidity. One such
IC used for this purpose is SHT71.
•Acceleration Sensor: Accelerometer is
used
to measure acceleration about some axis.
One such IC used is ADXL330.

20. ■ Electronic Sensors:
○ Are small and inexpensive
○ Have desirable sensor
characteristics
○ Are available in many interface types
○ Can be easily integrated into existing
systems
○ Have many practical applications
Conclusions