Building Integrated Photovoltaic Solar Glazing, Current & Emerging TechnologiesGavin Harper
Presentation at the Low Carbon Research Institute Conference, Cardiff, SWALEC Stadium, 18th November 2014 on Building Integrated Photovoltaics Solar Glazing:Current & Emerging Technologies
Building Integrated Photovoltaic Solar Glazing, Current & Emerging TechnologiesGavin Harper
Presentation at the Low Carbon Research Institute Conference, Cardiff, SWALEC Stadium, 18th November 2014 on Building Integrated Photovoltaics Solar Glazing:Current & Emerging Technologies
Introduction
What is zero energy building?
Why zero energy building?
How to adopt zero energy?
Advantage
Disadvantage
Zero energy buildings in India
Zero energy building versus green building
amount of energy used is equal to amount of renewable energy created on the site
reduce carbon emissions & reduce dependence on fossil fuels
Buildings that produce a surplus of energy over the year are called “Energy Surplus Buildings”
During the last 20 years more than 200 reputable projects claiming net zero energy balance have been realized all over the world.
NZEB buildings consequently contribute less overall greenhouse gas to the atmosphere than similar non-ZNE buildings. They do at times consume non-renewable energy and produce greenhouse gases, but at other times reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas production elsewhere by the same amount. Traditional buildings consume 40% of the total fossil fuel energy in all over the world and are significant contributors of greenhouse gases.
In this presentation focus is on definition of Zero Energy Buildings and Net Zero Energy Buildings. Also different aspects of developing Zero Energy Buildings, their advantages and disadvantages have been discussed.
* All the content is not mine. I have collected the data through different places on the net and books.
the prototype of floating solar power plant is goal of this minor project, in this project we only study of floating solar power plant and do some calculation for future projects of floating solar power plant.its all fact is based on search on inetrnet.
SUSTAINABLE, ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIESSamanth kumar
SUSTAINABLE, ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES, M.ARCH (ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHITECTURE) ANNA UNIVERSITY SECOND SEMESTEREnergy Efficient Construction Technology
➔ Filler Slab
➔ Rat trap Bond
➔ Technologies developed by CBRI
➔ Traditional Building Construction Technologies
➔ Concept of Resource rescue,
➔ Concept of Recycled content,
➔ Concept of Regional materials,
➔ Energy Efficiency
➔ Energy Conservation
➔ Recourse Consumption
➔ Distribution of Energy use in India
➔ Factors affecting the Energy use in Buildings
➔ Pre Building Stage, Construction Stage & Post Occupancy stages
➔ Concept of Embodied Energy
➔ Energy needs in Production of Materials
➔ Transportation Energy
➔ Concept of light footprint on Environment
Introduction
What is zero energy building?
Why zero energy building?
How to adopt zero energy?
Advantage
Disadvantage
Zero energy buildings in India
Zero energy building versus green building
amount of energy used is equal to amount of renewable energy created on the site
reduce carbon emissions & reduce dependence on fossil fuels
Buildings that produce a surplus of energy over the year are called “Energy Surplus Buildings”
During the last 20 years more than 200 reputable projects claiming net zero energy balance have been realized all over the world.
NZEB buildings consequently contribute less overall greenhouse gas to the atmosphere than similar non-ZNE buildings. They do at times consume non-renewable energy and produce greenhouse gases, but at other times reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas production elsewhere by the same amount. Traditional buildings consume 40% of the total fossil fuel energy in all over the world and are significant contributors of greenhouse gases.
In this presentation focus is on definition of Zero Energy Buildings and Net Zero Energy Buildings. Also different aspects of developing Zero Energy Buildings, their advantages and disadvantages have been discussed.
* All the content is not mine. I have collected the data through different places on the net and books.
the prototype of floating solar power plant is goal of this minor project, in this project we only study of floating solar power plant and do some calculation for future projects of floating solar power plant.its all fact is based on search on inetrnet.
SUSTAINABLE, ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIESSamanth kumar
SUSTAINABLE, ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES, M.ARCH (ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHITECTURE) ANNA UNIVERSITY SECOND SEMESTEREnergy Efficient Construction Technology
➔ Filler Slab
➔ Rat trap Bond
➔ Technologies developed by CBRI
➔ Traditional Building Construction Technologies
➔ Concept of Resource rescue,
➔ Concept of Recycled content,
➔ Concept of Regional materials,
➔ Energy Efficiency
➔ Energy Conservation
➔ Recourse Consumption
➔ Distribution of Energy use in India
➔ Factors affecting the Energy use in Buildings
➔ Pre Building Stage, Construction Stage & Post Occupancy stages
➔ Concept of Embodied Energy
➔ Energy needs in Production of Materials
➔ Transportation Energy
➔ Concept of light footprint on Environment
The new solar panels on the roof of Terra Tile & Marble’s 30,000 square foot headquarters in the Town of Ossining, NY are supplying nearly 100% of Terra Tile’s electricity needs. This project was made possible with financing provided by Energize NY (PACE) Finance, which offers low-cost, long-term financing for energy efficiency improvements and renewable energy installations, like the solar panels at Terra Tile.
This project is an example of how local governments working together with community-based programs like Solarize Westchester and Energize NY can bring about positive economic and environmental change in their communities.
Presentation on QA/QC of BIPV project for commercial buildingsAmrit Mandal
Building Integrated Photo Voltaic (BIPV) for multi-storied commercial buildings- how to perform QA/QC of the project has been described briefly in the slides.
Flexible CIGS PV: Past, Present, and FutureSolarDan
A quick introduction to the development of lightweight, flexible, high performance CIGS solar technology at Ascent Solar. The unique value proposition of these product enables innovative design and integration solutions for novel applications in rapidly growing niche markets.
Huge demand of silicon in photovoltaic cells caused a shortage of silicon which results in demand
for new technology in this field and so another revolutionary cheap method is innovated namely thin film solar
cell. In this paper, various types of thin film solar cells are reviewed. They have less efficiency and also low cost
compared to 1st generation solar cell. They are based on silicon Thin film implies that less material is used
which makes the solar cells cheaper.
CIGS Solar Cells: How and Why is their Cost Falling?Jeffrey Funk
My master's students use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) forthcoming book (Technology Change and the Rise of New Industries) to analyze the economic feasibility of CIGS (Cadmium Indium Gallium Selenide) Solar Cells. Improvements in efficiencies and reductions in cost per area (through new processes and increasing the substrate size) are causing steady reductions in the cost of electricity from them. See my other slides for details on concepts, methodology, and other new industries..
Green Buildings - innovative green technologies and case studiesctlachu
Innovative uses of solar energy : BIPV, Solar Forest, Solar powered street elements,- Innovative materials:
Phase changing materials, Light sensitive glass, Self cleansing glass- Integrated Use of Landscape :
Vertical Landscape, Green Wall, Green Roof. Case studies on Green buildings : CII building,Hyderabad,
Gurgaon Development Centre-Wipro Ltd. Gurgaon; Technopolis, Kolkata; Grundfos Pumps India Pvt Ltd,
Chennai; Olympia Technology Park, Chennai.
ResultsBuilding coordinated photovoltaics (BIPVs) are photovol.docxjoellemurphey
Results
Building coordinated photovoltaics (BIPVs) are photovoltaic (PV) modules incorporated into the building envelope and consequently additionally supplanting customary parts of the building envelope, e.g. the roofing. In this setting, the BIPVs mix with the building envelope restricts the expenses by filling double needs. BIPVs have a incredible playing point contrasted with non-incorporated frameworks in light of the fact that there is neither requirement for designation of area nor remain solitary PV frameworks. This study looks to layout different financially accessible ways to deal with BIPVs and subsequently gives a best in class survey. Likewise, conceivable future exploration opportunities are investigated.
The different classes of BIPVs may be isolated into photovoltaic foils, photovoltaic tiles, photograph voltaic modules and sun powered cell glazings. Silicon materials are the most regularly utilized, and a refinement is made between wafer-based advances and dainty film innovations. Moreover, different non-silicon materials are accessible. The fundamental choices for building reconciliation of PV cells are on slanted rooftops, flat rooftops and veneers. The assessment of the distinctive BIPV items includes, among others, properties, for example, sun powered cell efficiency, open circuit voltage, cut off, greatest impact and fill variable.
It is normal that the BIPV frameworks will enhance in the years to come, with respect to both gadget and assembling efficiency. The future appears to be extremely encouraging in the BIPV business, both concerning new advancements, diverse arrangements and the mixed bag of B.
As of now, the world is utilizing fossil fuel at a disturbing rate that not just will strain the sources sooner rather than later, however will bring about a awesome sum of contamination as well. The power industry outflows were 10.9 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents (GtCO2e) every year in 2005, i.e. 24% of worldwide Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emanations, and this is required to increment to 18.7 GtCO2e every year in 2030 [41]. ''Carbon dioxide proportionate is the unit for discharges that, for a given mixture and measure of nursery gas, speaks to the measure of CO2 that would have the same an Earth-wide temperature boost potential (GWP) when measured over a specified timescale (for the most part 100 years)''.
Of all the renewable vitality assets right now accessible, sun oriented vitality is the most copious, limitless and clean one. In one day, the illumination from the sun on the earth gives around 10,000 times more vitality than the day by day use from humankind. The test is gathering this accessible vitality at a sensible expense.
One of the most encouraging renewable vitality advancements is photovoltaics. ''Photovoltaics (PV) will be a genuinely exquisite implies of creating power on site, specifically from the sun, without sympathy tow ...
Building integrated PV - technical issues - part 1ENBC
Building integrated PV - technilacl issue. Part 1
The presentation gives a short overview of the technical issues to be considered in designing a building integrated PV system.
Brief overview of photovoltaic materials and modules is given.
1. A Seminar Presentation
ON
BUILDING INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAICS
(BIPV)
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
Prof . A. SWARUP ANISH MALAN
Roll no: 31510121
M.TECH 2015 -17
SCHOOL OF RENEWABLE ENERGY AND EFFICIENCY
1
2. CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. BIPV Technology
3. Design Considerations of BIPV System
4. Types BIPV Systems
5. Building Integrated Photovoltaic Products
6. Future Research Opportunities
7. Application of BIPV
8. Case studies
9. Advantages and Disadvantages
10. Conclusions
References
2
3. Introduction
As the world’s demand and focus on zero energy and zero emission buildings are
rapidly drawing attention.
Solar cells are integrated within the climate envelopes of buildings and utilizing
solar radiation to produce electricity,
It replace parts of the conventional building materials and systems in the climate
envelope of buildings, such as the roofs and facades.
The BIPV system serves as a building envelope material and power generator
simultaneously
3
7. 7
• Reflection from the cell's surface
• Light that is not energetic enough to separate electrons from their atomic bonds
• Light that has extra energy beyond that needed to separate electrons from bonds ,this will
increase the cell temperature
• Light-generated electrons and holes that randomly encounter each other and recombine
before they can contribute to cell performance
• Resistance to current flow
• Self-shading resulting from top-surface electric contacts
• Performance degradation at non optimal (high or low) operating temperatures
The major phenomena that limit cell efficiency are:
8. BIPV Technology
Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) is the integration of photovoltaics (PV)
into the building envelope.
The PV modules serve the dual function of building skin-replacing conventional
building envelope materials and power generator.
By avoiding the cost of conventional materials, the incremental cost of photovoltaics
is reduced.
That is, BIPV systems often have lower overall costs than PV systems requiring
separate, dedicated, mounting systems
8
10. Design Considerations of BIPV System
Choose Between a Utility-Interactive PV System and a Stand-alone PV System
Provide Adequate Ventilation
Consider Integrating Day lighting and Photovoltaic Collection
Design for the Local Climate and Environment;
Arrays must be designed for potential snow and wind loading conditions;
Arrays in dry, dusty environments or environments with heavy industrial or traffic
(auto, airline) pollution will require washing to limit efficiency losses.
Early in the design phase, ensure that solar array will receive maximum exposure to the
sun and will not be shaded by site obstructions such as nearby buildings or trees.
Different array orientation can have a significant impact on the annual energy output of
a system, with tilted arrays generating 50%-70% more electricity than a vertical façade.
10
12. Building Integrated Photovoltaic Products
BIPV foil products
• Lightweight and flexible,
• Made from thin-film cells
• Low efficiency
• Large solar cell resistances of thin-film cells(amorphous silicon cells).
BIPV tile products
• Good option for retrofitting of roofs.
• Esthetically pleasing.
• Module has an integrated panel of poly
or monocrystalline cells.
BIPV module products
• Similar to conventional PV modules.
• They are made with weather skin solutions
Building attached photovoltaic products
BAPV products are added on rather than integrated in the roof or facade.
12
13. Solar cell glazing products
• Variety of options for windows, glassed or tiled facades and roofs.
• Different colors and transparencies can make many different esthetically
pleasing.
• The modules transmit daylight
• Serve as water and sun protection.
• Spraying a coating of silicon nano particles on to the window, which work as
solar cells..
• The producers also offer customized modules regarding shape, cell material,
color and transparency level
13
14. Future Research Opportunities
New materials and technologies
•Ultra-low cost, low-medium efficiency organic based modules,
• Ultra-high efficiency modules,
• Solar concentrator and/or solar trapping systems embedded in solar cell surface
• Flexible lightweight inorganic thin film solar cells.
New solutions
• Regarding ventilation rate,
• Positioning,
• Removing of snow
Long-term durability of new materials and solutions
The long-term durability v/s the various climate exposure factors need to be considered e.g.
•Solar radiation
•High and low temperatures
•Water, e.g. moisture and wind-driven rain
•Physical strains, e.g. snow loads
•Wind
•Pollutions, e.g. gases and particles in air
14
16. 16
Case studies
Case 1: Discovery Science Center Cube
Location: Santa Ana, California
Scheduled Completion Date: November 1999
Size: 20 kW
Projected System Electrical Output: 30,000 kWh/yr
PV Cell Type: Thin-film technology
PV Efficiency: 5.1 %
17. 17
Case 2: The Academy of Further Education
Location: Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Date Completed: May 1999
PV Product: BIPV roof
Size: 1 MW
Projected System Electrical Output: 750,000 kWh/yr
PV Cell Type: Polycrystalline and monocrystalline silicon
PV Efficiency: 12.8% to 16%
18. 18
Case 3: Western Area Power Administration
Location: Elverta, California
Date Completed: May 1996
PV Product: Power Guard BIPV roof tiles
Size: 40 kW DC
Projected System Electrical Output: 70,000 kWh/year
PV Cell Type: Polycrystalline silicon
PV Efficiency: 12%
19. 19
Case 4: FESTO Noida, India
Location: Noida, India
System Size : 19.52 Kw
Installed :December 2011
Estimated Annual Production: 17,106 units
CO2 Avoided Annually : 13.6 Tonnes
Solar Panels: 1280M Tata Power Solar - 80 Wp
20. 20
Advantages of BIPV
• Cost effective
• Reduced Energy Bills
• Generate Income
• Design benefit from innovative and moderns designs
• No harmful greenhouse gas emissions thus solar PV is environmentally friendly
• Solar energy is energy supplied by nature – it is thus free and abundant!
• Solar energy can be made available almost anywhere there is sunlight
• Low Operating and maintenance costs
• PV panels have no mechanically moving parts, less maintenance than other
renewable energy systems (e.g. wind turbines)
• Silent, producing no noise at all
Disadvantages of BIPV
• High making cost
• The cost of making power by solar system is more costlier than other common ways
• Influenced by weather
• Low efficiency(between 14%-25%) compared to the efficiency levels of other
renewable energy systems
Advantages and Disadvantages
21. Conclusions
21
• Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) System is a Architecturally Clean.
• The initial installation cost offsets by reducing the amount of building materials
and labour work.
• Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) installation in offices or commercial
buildings which reduce energy bills and make the buildings more energy
efficient.
• PV panels have no mechanically moving parts, except in cases of sun-tracking
mechanical bases; consequently they have far less breakages or require less
maintenance than other renewable energy systems (e.g. wind turbines).
• PV panels are totally silent, producing no noise at all; consequently, they are a
perfect solution for urban areas and for residential applications.
22. 22
REFERENCES
[1] McKinsey & Company, Pathways to a Low-Carbon Economy. Version 2 of the Global
Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Curve, McKinsey & Company, 2009.
[2] C. Peng, Y. Huang, Z. Wu, Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) in architectural
design in China, Energy and Buildings 43 (2011) 3592–3598.
[3] Green, M. A. (1998). Solar cells: Operating principles, technology and system
applications. Kensington: The University of New South Wales.
[4] M. Raugei, P. Frankl, Life cycle impacts and costs of photovoltaic systems: current state
of the art and future outlooks, Energy 34 (3) (2009) 392–399.
[5]National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Best Research-Cell Efficiencies, Rev.
12-2011,/http://www.nrel.gov/ncpv/images/efficiency_vchart.jpgS
[6] A.W. Smith, A. Rohatgi, Ray tracing analysis of the inverted pyramid texturing geometry
for high efficiency silicon solar cells, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 29 (1993)
37–49.
[7] J. Neuwald, All You Need to Know About Building Integrated Photo- voltaics Part 2
(not dated), Roofconsult, /http://www.roofconsult.co. uk/articles/kalzip2.htmS.
23. 23
[8] K. Farkas, I. Andresen, A.G. Hestnes, Architectural integration of photovoltaic cells
overview of materials and products from an architectural point of view, in: Proceedings
of the 3rd CIB International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Built Environments
(SASBE), Delft, The Netherlands, June 15–19, 2009.
[9] European Comitee for Electrotechnical Standarization, Crystalline Silicon Terrestrial
Photovoltaic (PV) Modules—Design Qualification and Type Approval, EN 61215,
European Standard, 2005.
[10] B.P. Jelle, A. Hynd, A. Gustavsen, D. Arasteh, H. Goudey, R. Hart, Fenestration of
today and tomorrow: a state-of-the-art review and future research opportunities, Solar
Energy Materials and Solar Cells 96 (1) (2012) 1–28.
[11] B.P. Jelle, T.-N. Nilsen, P.J. Hovde, A. Gustavsen, Accelerated climate aging of building
materials and characterization by Fourier transform infrared radiation analysis, Journal
of Building Physics, doi: 10.1177/1744259111423367,n press.