The document provides information on solar energy systems and solar panels. It discusses how solar panels work by absorbing sunlight and converting it to electricity. It also covers prerequisites for installing solar panels on roofs, including roof size, angle, and structural capacity. Additionally, it describes grid-connected solar systems and components like inverters. Integrating electric vehicles and vehicle-to-grid charging is also presented as a way to optimize energy use from solar production.
Tarec in renewable energy - pv intro eng v1.0frankjoh
The document provides information on solar energy systems and solar panels. It discusses how solar panels work by absorbing sunlight and converting it to electricity. It also covers prerequisites for installing solar panels on roofs, including roof size, angle, and structural capacity. Additionally, it describes grid-connected solar systems and components like inverters. Integrating electric vehicles and vehicle-to-grid charging is also presented as a way to optimize energy use from solar production.
Solar PV Systems (Engineering, wiring & grid connection) - Martin Cotterell (...Farming Futures
Sundog Energy is an installer of solar photovoltaic systems since 1995. They have installed hundreds of systems across the UK on various building types. Their current projects include a 240kWp system at Kings Cross Station and a 50kWp facade system for a Newham Council building. PV systems generally consist of solar panels that convert sunlight to electricity, an inverter to convert DC to AC, and a connection to the building's electrical distribution. Proper siting and components are important for performance. MCS certification provides standards for installers and products but does not guarantee all aspects of safety, experience or system complexity.
This document provides an overview of solar power systems in India. It discusses key components like solar cells, modules, panels and arrays. It describes different applications of solar power systems including solar home systems, solar lighting, street lighting, solar generators and water pumps. It also presents a case study on an organization called SELCO that designs and sells solar home systems to rural communities in India by partnering with micro-finance organizations to make the systems affordable.
Basic introduction to solar PV System Presentation.
The need for renewable energy resources has never been bigger than today and so is a lot of research going to match this high energy demand. Solar PV Array technology is one such technique which can actually make the effective use of solar energy available to us.
This document provides an overview of solar photovoltaic power systems. It discusses key terminology related to electricity and PV systems. The document describes the main components of grid-tied PV systems including solar modules, inverters, wiring, and batteries. It also covers factors to consider when selecting sites and mounting structures for solar arrays. Overall, the document serves as a basic introduction and reference for understanding the basic workings of grid-tied residential solar power systems.
Introduction to Off Grid Solar Power systemShoeb Ali Khan
This document provides an overview of off-grid solar power systems, including their applications and key components. Off-grid solar systems are not connected to the main electricity grid and instead use solar panels, batteries, and other components to provide power independently. They can be used for homes, clinics, schools, businesses, water pumping, street lighting, and more. The main components of an off-grid solar system are PV solar panels, a solar charge controller, battery bank for storage, an inverter to convert DC to AC power, and electrical safety devices. Together these components collect solar energy, store it in batteries, and allow the power to be used as needed.
A photovoltaic (PV) module is a packaged, connected assembly of solar cells that can be used to generate electricity in commercial and residential applications. It consists of interconnected solar cells, and multiple modules can be connected to form a larger PV system. Reasons to install PV modules include concerns for the environment, cost savings, and expectations of future increased energy costs. PV systems have three main components - PV modules or solar arrays, the balance of system equipment, and electrical loads. PV modules can be used in stand-alone systems, grid-connected systems, or hybrid systems combined with other power sources. Transparent solar modules can also be used as building-integrated photovoltaics in windows, roofs, and
Tarec in renewable energy - pv intro eng v1.0frankjoh
The document provides information on solar energy systems and solar panels. It discusses how solar panels work by absorbing sunlight and converting it to electricity. It also covers prerequisites for installing solar panels on roofs, including roof size, angle, and structural capacity. Additionally, it describes grid-connected solar systems and components like inverters. Integrating electric vehicles and vehicle-to-grid charging is also presented as a way to optimize energy use from solar production.
Solar PV Systems (Engineering, wiring & grid connection) - Martin Cotterell (...Farming Futures
Sundog Energy is an installer of solar photovoltaic systems since 1995. They have installed hundreds of systems across the UK on various building types. Their current projects include a 240kWp system at Kings Cross Station and a 50kWp facade system for a Newham Council building. PV systems generally consist of solar panels that convert sunlight to electricity, an inverter to convert DC to AC, and a connection to the building's electrical distribution. Proper siting and components are important for performance. MCS certification provides standards for installers and products but does not guarantee all aspects of safety, experience or system complexity.
This document provides an overview of solar power systems in India. It discusses key components like solar cells, modules, panels and arrays. It describes different applications of solar power systems including solar home systems, solar lighting, street lighting, solar generators and water pumps. It also presents a case study on an organization called SELCO that designs and sells solar home systems to rural communities in India by partnering with micro-finance organizations to make the systems affordable.
Basic introduction to solar PV System Presentation.
The need for renewable energy resources has never been bigger than today and so is a lot of research going to match this high energy demand. Solar PV Array technology is one such technique which can actually make the effective use of solar energy available to us.
This document provides an overview of solar photovoltaic power systems. It discusses key terminology related to electricity and PV systems. The document describes the main components of grid-tied PV systems including solar modules, inverters, wiring, and batteries. It also covers factors to consider when selecting sites and mounting structures for solar arrays. Overall, the document serves as a basic introduction and reference for understanding the basic workings of grid-tied residential solar power systems.
Introduction to Off Grid Solar Power systemShoeb Ali Khan
This document provides an overview of off-grid solar power systems, including their applications and key components. Off-grid solar systems are not connected to the main electricity grid and instead use solar panels, batteries, and other components to provide power independently. They can be used for homes, clinics, schools, businesses, water pumping, street lighting, and more. The main components of an off-grid solar system are PV solar panels, a solar charge controller, battery bank for storage, an inverter to convert DC to AC power, and electrical safety devices. Together these components collect solar energy, store it in batteries, and allow the power to be used as needed.
A photovoltaic (PV) module is a packaged, connected assembly of solar cells that can be used to generate electricity in commercial and residential applications. It consists of interconnected solar cells, and multiple modules can be connected to form a larger PV system. Reasons to install PV modules include concerns for the environment, cost savings, and expectations of future increased energy costs. PV systems have three main components - PV modules or solar arrays, the balance of system equipment, and electrical loads. PV modules can be used in stand-alone systems, grid-connected systems, or hybrid systems combined with other power sources. Transparent solar modules can also be used as building-integrated photovoltaics in windows, roofs, and
Ppt on design of solar photovoltaic generation for residential buildingSiya Agarwal
The document discusses the design of a solar photovoltaic generation system for a residential building. It provides an abstract that outlines key points such as how solar cells convert sunlight to electrical energy and how solar PV modules generate voltage and current. It then discusses estimating the number of PV modules, batteries, inverters, and charge controllers needed for the system based on sample load curves and cost analysis. Comparisons are made to other power generation methods such as thermal, nuclear, biogas, wind, and tidal energy.
The document provides an introduction and overview of solar PV systems. It discusses the key components of solar PV systems including solar panels, batteries, charge controllers, and inverters. It explains how solar panels convert sunlight into electricity and the factors that affect their performance. The document also outlines the different types of solar systems including grid-tied, off-grid, and hybrid systems. Safety considerations and proper wiring of the various components are also addressed.
The document provides information about Solar & Gas Advisory Service, a company that provides advice on renewable energy installations including solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. It describes how solar PV systems work to generate electricity from sunlight using panels and inverters, and the financial incentives available through the Feed-in Tariff program which pays homeowners for electricity generated and exported to the grid. Installation costs and processes are outlined along with the equipment included in a typical residential solar PV installation.
An Overview of Photovoltaic Systems or PV Systems. This PPT outlines what a solar systems is and what it is consisted of. From solar panels to charge controller to deep cycle batteries to the inverter.
This document summarizes the manufacturing process of solar panels. It involves several key steps:
1) Cell testing to check parameters of solar cells like efficiency.
2) Laser scribing to cut silicon wafers into cells.
3) Stringing machines that automatically connect cells into strings.
4) Film cutting and layup to assemble cells, EVA, backsheet and glass.
5) Lamination to bond layers and remove air using heat.
6) Testing and quality control of completed panels before final framing and packaging.
The document provides details on the various machines used for each processing step.
Small residential stand alone roof top solar pvencon2014
This document presents a case study of a 400W standalone roof-top solar PV system installed in a residential home in Bhopal, India. Key elements included 4 solar panels totaling 400W, a 150Ah lead-acid battery, 850VA sine wave inverter, and charge controller. Loads totaling 1680W including lights, fans, TV were connected to operate from 5:30am-6:30pm during summer and 5:30am-5pm other times. The total installation cost was 49,000 INR. Technical specifications and sizing calculations are provided to demonstrate how such a small-scale residential solar system can be designed and implemented.
Solar PV Power Plant on Water Floating Structure,Ground Latest Information Presentation by JMV LPS MNRE/SECI/NSM/NHPC/NTPC/REC Power Distribution/CEA,Solar EPC Companes,Electrical Contractor ,Solar Consultant ,Solar Power Developers
The document analyzes the feasibility and cost-benefit of installing a roof-mounted solar photovoltaic array at a home in Seattle, WA. The home receives good solar exposure and existing energy use is around 4,845 kWh per year. An 8 kW solar system is proposed, which would cost $16,280 upfront but qualify for incentives and tax credits. Over time the system would save money compared to purchasing electricity from the grid as energy costs rise.
DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PHOTO-VOLTAIC PUMPING SYST...Remilekun Akinwonmi
The need for constant renewable supply of electricity to effect the pumping of water at low cost brings about the use of solar energy. The use of photovoltaic pumping system in Funaab community will tackle some of the problems such as the steady increase in the price of fuel and the high maintenance associated with the many systems of pumping water that are currently used including engine powered pump. The objective of this project was Design, Installation and Performance evaluation of photovoltaic pumping system in FUNAAB community.
The water demand for the site was determined, and the daily solar insolation data was obtained using ‘Meteonorm’ software. The Component parameters for the PV pumping system were then designed include the pump flow rate and the hydraulic power, the hydraulic head, power rating of the PV module, orientation and direction of the PV module. Experiments to acquire a relationships between Photo-voltaic pump system outputs and solar-radiation intensity at different times during the day were carried out to determine periods of maximum pumping efficiency.
The maximum discharge logged 0.162m^3/h between 11AM to 2PM at PV power output of 727.5W/m^2 when a 300W solar module was connected to a DC pump discharging at 24.5 m water head. The system operated approximately 8 hours in the month of October. The linear relationships of solar radiation values (W/m2) with both pump discharge (m3/h) and DC motor power consumption (Watt) result showed that y = 0.0002x + 0.0385 and y = 0.0317x + 19.359.
Although the initial cost to set up a PV pumping system is high, but with the little cost of maintenance over the years, it is revealed that PV based water pumping system is suitable and feasible option for domestic use and farm irrigation systems in Funaab community.
Photovoltaic Training - Session 6 - Off-grid installationsLeonardo ENERGY
* Criteria of higher winter production versus annual production maximization
* Hybrid systems.
* Storage Systems.
* Types of Batteries.
* The importance of energy efficiency in consumption in the isolated systems.
* Maintenance.
The document is a product brochure for a solar street light system from Suzhou Yinhe Illumination Equipment Co. It includes:
- A brief introduction to solar street lights and how they work using solar energy to power LED lights for 8-10 hours per day.
- Descriptions of the key product features like energy savings, low installation and maintenance costs, and applicability for remote areas.
- Specifications and details for the system components including the solar panels, batteries, LED lights, and intelligent controller.
- Information on customizing the system configuration and components to best suit different projects and locations.
A rooftop solar power plant has several key electrical, civil/mechanical, and monitoring components. The electrical components include PV modules, a power conditioning unit/inverter, junction boxes, DC and AC cables, and connectors. Civil/mechanical components are module mounting structures, foundations, and cable/equipment mounting structures. Monitoring components include a weather station, SCADA system, energy meter, and other instruments to track performance.
Dynamic modeling of photovoltaic (PV) fed water pumping system for BangladeshSaidur Rahman
The document discusses modeling a photovoltaic (PV) powered water pumping system for use in Bangladesh. It first describes the components of the system, including PV modules, a boost converter for maximum power point tracking (MPPT), battery storage, a permanent magnet DC motor, and a water pump. It then explains the process for simulating the system, including models of the individual components. The simulation compares the performance of a direct coupled PV-pumping system versus one with battery storage in terms of motor speed, flow rate, and other factors. The goal is to determine the best configuration of the PV water pumping system for use in Bangladesh.
The document outlines the key steps in site identification and project pre-feasibility for solar power projects. These include identifying suitable land characteristics like soil type and drainage; assessing solar radiation and shadows; conducting geological, social, and evacuation feasibility studies; selecting technology; and performing financial pre-feasibility analysis. Key site requirements include plain land near substations with proper road access and drainage. Financial analysis covers costs, revenue, cash flows, and break-even time.
This document summarizes a 3 kVA grid-supported residential solar energy system located in Pune, India. The system includes solar panels occupying 250 square feet that generate up to 3 kVA of power, 4 lead-acid batteries totalling 600 Ah of storage, and a power conditioning unit that interfaces the solar, batteries, and grid. Data from the system over sunny, partly cloudy and cloudy days shows how it charges and discharges the batteries and draws from the grid. Observations note the system could generate more power but batteries are too expensive, and more intelligent controls are needed to better optimize battery usage and minimize grid usage.
The document discusses photovoltaic systems and their types, installation, design and some examples. It describes thin-film and crystalline PV modules and how they can be installed as add-on, stand-alone or grid-connected systems. Building integrated photovoltaics are discussed as a multifunctional option. Design considerations include orientation, tilt angle and system sizing based on desired output. International examples from China and local examples from Qatar are provided. Advancements discussed include nano solar cells and flexible photovoltaic technologies.
The document discusses photovoltaic systems and their types, installation methods, and design considerations. It provides examples of photovoltaic installations internationally and locally in Kuwait. Advancements discussed include nano solar technologies that can make solar power more cost efficient and flexible through the use of thin film and quantum dot solar cells.
This document provides an introduction to solar water pumping systems. It describes the typical components, which include solar panels to generate direct current electricity and pumps, either centrifugal or submersible, to pump water. The document outlines the two basic types of systems - battery-based systems, which store solar energy in batteries, and solar direct systems, which pump water directly from solar power without batteries. It provides block diagrams of both types of systems and describes how they work. The document also discusses considerations for installing a solar water pumping system and provides examples of applications.
Photovoltaics (PVs) convert sunlight into electricity and have various applications including power stations, buildings, transport, and standalone devices. PVs work by photons from sunlight knocking electrons into a higher energy state, creating electricity. While initially used in space, PVs are now commonly used as grid-connected power generators or for off-grid rural electricity. Installation costs have decreased due to technology advances and economies of scale, but PVs still require high upfront capital investment and may not be as cost effective in Ireland currently due to lack of incentives.
Session 03 solar pv rooftop technology overviewChirag Jain
This document provides an overview of solar PV rooftop technology and systems for entrepreneurs. It covers topics such as different solar energy technologies, how solar PV systems work, components of grid-connected solar PV rooftop systems, configurations of such systems, and estimating energy generation from these systems. The key components discussed are PV arrays, inverters, batteries, and other balance of system components. Factors that impact energy generation like peak sun hours, system efficiency, and performance degradation over time are also summarized.
Ppt on design of solar photovoltaic generation for residential buildingSiya Agarwal
The document discusses the design of a solar photovoltaic generation system for a residential building. It provides an abstract that outlines key points such as how solar cells convert sunlight to electrical energy and how solar PV modules generate voltage and current. It then discusses estimating the number of PV modules, batteries, inverters, and charge controllers needed for the system based on sample load curves and cost analysis. Comparisons are made to other power generation methods such as thermal, nuclear, biogas, wind, and tidal energy.
The document provides an introduction and overview of solar PV systems. It discusses the key components of solar PV systems including solar panels, batteries, charge controllers, and inverters. It explains how solar panels convert sunlight into electricity and the factors that affect their performance. The document also outlines the different types of solar systems including grid-tied, off-grid, and hybrid systems. Safety considerations and proper wiring of the various components are also addressed.
The document provides information about Solar & Gas Advisory Service, a company that provides advice on renewable energy installations including solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. It describes how solar PV systems work to generate electricity from sunlight using panels and inverters, and the financial incentives available through the Feed-in Tariff program which pays homeowners for electricity generated and exported to the grid. Installation costs and processes are outlined along with the equipment included in a typical residential solar PV installation.
An Overview of Photovoltaic Systems or PV Systems. This PPT outlines what a solar systems is and what it is consisted of. From solar panels to charge controller to deep cycle batteries to the inverter.
This document summarizes the manufacturing process of solar panels. It involves several key steps:
1) Cell testing to check parameters of solar cells like efficiency.
2) Laser scribing to cut silicon wafers into cells.
3) Stringing machines that automatically connect cells into strings.
4) Film cutting and layup to assemble cells, EVA, backsheet and glass.
5) Lamination to bond layers and remove air using heat.
6) Testing and quality control of completed panels before final framing and packaging.
The document provides details on the various machines used for each processing step.
Small residential stand alone roof top solar pvencon2014
This document presents a case study of a 400W standalone roof-top solar PV system installed in a residential home in Bhopal, India. Key elements included 4 solar panels totaling 400W, a 150Ah lead-acid battery, 850VA sine wave inverter, and charge controller. Loads totaling 1680W including lights, fans, TV were connected to operate from 5:30am-6:30pm during summer and 5:30am-5pm other times. The total installation cost was 49,000 INR. Technical specifications and sizing calculations are provided to demonstrate how such a small-scale residential solar system can be designed and implemented.
Solar PV Power Plant on Water Floating Structure,Ground Latest Information Presentation by JMV LPS MNRE/SECI/NSM/NHPC/NTPC/REC Power Distribution/CEA,Solar EPC Companes,Electrical Contractor ,Solar Consultant ,Solar Power Developers
The document analyzes the feasibility and cost-benefit of installing a roof-mounted solar photovoltaic array at a home in Seattle, WA. The home receives good solar exposure and existing energy use is around 4,845 kWh per year. An 8 kW solar system is proposed, which would cost $16,280 upfront but qualify for incentives and tax credits. Over time the system would save money compared to purchasing electricity from the grid as energy costs rise.
DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PHOTO-VOLTAIC PUMPING SYST...Remilekun Akinwonmi
The need for constant renewable supply of electricity to effect the pumping of water at low cost brings about the use of solar energy. The use of photovoltaic pumping system in Funaab community will tackle some of the problems such as the steady increase in the price of fuel and the high maintenance associated with the many systems of pumping water that are currently used including engine powered pump. The objective of this project was Design, Installation and Performance evaluation of photovoltaic pumping system in FUNAAB community.
The water demand for the site was determined, and the daily solar insolation data was obtained using ‘Meteonorm’ software. The Component parameters for the PV pumping system were then designed include the pump flow rate and the hydraulic power, the hydraulic head, power rating of the PV module, orientation and direction of the PV module. Experiments to acquire a relationships between Photo-voltaic pump system outputs and solar-radiation intensity at different times during the day were carried out to determine periods of maximum pumping efficiency.
The maximum discharge logged 0.162m^3/h between 11AM to 2PM at PV power output of 727.5W/m^2 when a 300W solar module was connected to a DC pump discharging at 24.5 m water head. The system operated approximately 8 hours in the month of October. The linear relationships of solar radiation values (W/m2) with both pump discharge (m3/h) and DC motor power consumption (Watt) result showed that y = 0.0002x + 0.0385 and y = 0.0317x + 19.359.
Although the initial cost to set up a PV pumping system is high, but with the little cost of maintenance over the years, it is revealed that PV based water pumping system is suitable and feasible option for domestic use and farm irrigation systems in Funaab community.
Photovoltaic Training - Session 6 - Off-grid installationsLeonardo ENERGY
* Criteria of higher winter production versus annual production maximization
* Hybrid systems.
* Storage Systems.
* Types of Batteries.
* The importance of energy efficiency in consumption in the isolated systems.
* Maintenance.
The document is a product brochure for a solar street light system from Suzhou Yinhe Illumination Equipment Co. It includes:
- A brief introduction to solar street lights and how they work using solar energy to power LED lights for 8-10 hours per day.
- Descriptions of the key product features like energy savings, low installation and maintenance costs, and applicability for remote areas.
- Specifications and details for the system components including the solar panels, batteries, LED lights, and intelligent controller.
- Information on customizing the system configuration and components to best suit different projects and locations.
A rooftop solar power plant has several key electrical, civil/mechanical, and monitoring components. The electrical components include PV modules, a power conditioning unit/inverter, junction boxes, DC and AC cables, and connectors. Civil/mechanical components are module mounting structures, foundations, and cable/equipment mounting structures. Monitoring components include a weather station, SCADA system, energy meter, and other instruments to track performance.
Dynamic modeling of photovoltaic (PV) fed water pumping system for BangladeshSaidur Rahman
The document discusses modeling a photovoltaic (PV) powered water pumping system for use in Bangladesh. It first describes the components of the system, including PV modules, a boost converter for maximum power point tracking (MPPT), battery storage, a permanent magnet DC motor, and a water pump. It then explains the process for simulating the system, including models of the individual components. The simulation compares the performance of a direct coupled PV-pumping system versus one with battery storage in terms of motor speed, flow rate, and other factors. The goal is to determine the best configuration of the PV water pumping system for use in Bangladesh.
The document outlines the key steps in site identification and project pre-feasibility for solar power projects. These include identifying suitable land characteristics like soil type and drainage; assessing solar radiation and shadows; conducting geological, social, and evacuation feasibility studies; selecting technology; and performing financial pre-feasibility analysis. Key site requirements include plain land near substations with proper road access and drainage. Financial analysis covers costs, revenue, cash flows, and break-even time.
This document summarizes a 3 kVA grid-supported residential solar energy system located in Pune, India. The system includes solar panels occupying 250 square feet that generate up to 3 kVA of power, 4 lead-acid batteries totalling 600 Ah of storage, and a power conditioning unit that interfaces the solar, batteries, and grid. Data from the system over sunny, partly cloudy and cloudy days shows how it charges and discharges the batteries and draws from the grid. Observations note the system could generate more power but batteries are too expensive, and more intelligent controls are needed to better optimize battery usage and minimize grid usage.
The document discusses photovoltaic systems and their types, installation, design and some examples. It describes thin-film and crystalline PV modules and how they can be installed as add-on, stand-alone or grid-connected systems. Building integrated photovoltaics are discussed as a multifunctional option. Design considerations include orientation, tilt angle and system sizing based on desired output. International examples from China and local examples from Qatar are provided. Advancements discussed include nano solar cells and flexible photovoltaic technologies.
The document discusses photovoltaic systems and their types, installation methods, and design considerations. It provides examples of photovoltaic installations internationally and locally in Kuwait. Advancements discussed include nano solar technologies that can make solar power more cost efficient and flexible through the use of thin film and quantum dot solar cells.
This document provides an introduction to solar water pumping systems. It describes the typical components, which include solar panels to generate direct current electricity and pumps, either centrifugal or submersible, to pump water. The document outlines the two basic types of systems - battery-based systems, which store solar energy in batteries, and solar direct systems, which pump water directly from solar power without batteries. It provides block diagrams of both types of systems and describes how they work. The document also discusses considerations for installing a solar water pumping system and provides examples of applications.
Photovoltaics (PVs) convert sunlight into electricity and have various applications including power stations, buildings, transport, and standalone devices. PVs work by photons from sunlight knocking electrons into a higher energy state, creating electricity. While initially used in space, PVs are now commonly used as grid-connected power generators or for off-grid rural electricity. Installation costs have decreased due to technology advances and economies of scale, but PVs still require high upfront capital investment and may not be as cost effective in Ireland currently due to lack of incentives.
Session 03 solar pv rooftop technology overviewChirag Jain
This document provides an overview of solar PV rooftop technology and systems for entrepreneurs. It covers topics such as different solar energy technologies, how solar PV systems work, components of grid-connected solar PV rooftop systems, configurations of such systems, and estimating energy generation from these systems. The key components discussed are PV arrays, inverters, batteries, and other balance of system components. Factors that impact energy generation like peak sun hours, system efficiency, and performance degradation over time are also summarized.
By now, we are all familiar with the concept of generating electricity from the sun. The notion is almost an afterthought when we have mobile access to GPS satellites and apps for seemingly anything the mind can imagine. The calculator on my desk, and perhaps on yours, is solar-powered. If your cell phone goes dead on a hiking trip, hook it up to any number of solar phone chargers available on the market and you’re back in
business. Even those GPS satellites are powered by the sun as they whirl through space 12,000 miles above Earth.
1) Photovoltaic glass to glass modules can replace conventional glazing materials while generating electricity from daylight in buildings. They are suitable for facades, roofs, windows and other architectural applications.
2) Specialty PV solar panels can be customized to vary the transparency and electrical output. Less transparency provides higher output while more transparency provides lower output.
3) MAP Environmental provides complete solar PV panel systems that contribute electricity to buildings and export excess power back to the grid. Components include PV modules, inverters, consumer units, and watt-hour meters.
Presentation for Final Year Students about Solar.pptxHafizAsimKhayyam
The document provides information about the components and types of solar photovoltaic systems. It discusses solar panels, inverters, mounting structures, and different types of PV systems including on-grid, off-grid, and hybrid systems. It also outlines the process for installing a solar system which includes site surveying, system designing, procurement, construction of mounting structures, installation of panels and inverters, and commissioning.
Green Buildings - innovative green technologies and case studiesctlachu
Innovative uses of solar energy : BIPV, Solar Forest, Solar powered street elements,- Innovative materials:
Phase changing materials, Light sensitive glass, Self cleansing glass- Integrated Use of Landscape :
Vertical Landscape, Green Wall, Green Roof. Case studies on Green buildings : CII building,Hyderabad,
Gurgaon Development Centre-Wipro Ltd. Gurgaon; Technopolis, Kolkata; Grundfos Pumps India Pvt Ltd,
Chennai; Olympia Technology Park, Chennai.
The document provides information on the design and components of grid-connected and stand-alone solar photovoltaic systems.
It discusses the key components of grid-connected PV systems including solar panels, inverters, meters, mounting structures and how these systems can be connected to the grid. The advantages and disadvantages of grid-connected systems are also summarized.
The document then covers the components, configurations and design considerations for stand-alone or remote area power supply systems which are not connected to the grid and instead use batteries to store solar-generated electricity. It discusses sizing these off-grid systems based on reliability factors like loss of load probability.
The document proposes a "Future House" that is fully electrified using a photovoltaic (solar) power system. It includes a floor plan of the house and discusses designing and installing the PV system. The PV system would provide all of the house's electricity through solar panels on the roof. It describes the typical components of a grid-interactive PV system without battery backup, including solar panels, mounting equipment, inverters, and meters. The document also discusses factors that affect the output of a PV system like sunlight availability and shading.
Utilization Of Hybrid PV-Wind Energy SystemGOURAB SARKAR
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on utilizing hybrid PV-wind energy systems. It discusses how hybrid systems combine solar and wind power to provide reliable energy. It describes the components of a hybrid system, including PV panels, wind turbines, batteries, inverters, and controllers. The document outlines the advantages of hybrid systems in providing sustainable energy without pollution for powering homes, villages and other remote locations off the main grid. It concludes that the combination of solar and wind resources performs better than either technology alone due to their complementary seasonal profiles.
Solarcentury Africa Hybrid Brochure 0216Daniel Davies
Solar power systems can provide electricity to mining operations located in remote areas with abundant sunshine. Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity that can power equipment and reduce reliance on expensive diesel generators. When paired with batteries, hybrid solar+storage systems allow generators to be switched off for periods of time, maximizing fuel savings. Fuel controllers ensure generators run above a minimum load to integrate solar power efficiently with backup power sources. As solar technology matures and costs decline, solar is becoming a economically viable primary or supplemental power solution for mining.
The document provides information on building integrated solar energy systems. It defines solar energy and discusses building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) which are solar energy systems integrated into building components like the roof, walls, or glazing. The types of BIPV include facades, rooftops, and glazing. The installation process and maintenance of BIPV systems is also outlined. A case study on the Mont-Cenis Academy in Germany is presented, which utilizes semi-transparent PV glazing and a PV glass facade providing 1 MW of solar power. The advantages of BIPV include renewable energy generation and clean energy while disadvantages include limited harvesting and high implementation costs.
Groundwater Engineering is an international company that specializes in water well engineering, dewatering, and groundwater control. They have expanded to supplying and installing solar pumping systems and solar photovoltaic (PV) installations. The document provides an overview of solar PV systems, including their applications, types of installations such as off-grid, grid-tie, and hybrid systems, and the pros and cons of solar PV systems. It describes the components of solar PV systems and how they work to convert sunlight into usable electricity.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on the design of solar PV systems. It discusses the types of solar PV systems including grid-connected and off-grid systems. It provides block diagrams and compares the different systems. It also outlines the design process, advantages, applications, and future scope of solar PV systems. The presentation was given by Arpit Garg to the Department of Electrical Engineering at Poornima College of Engineering.
This document discusses grid-tied hybrid renewable energy systems. It provides details on how hybrid systems that combine sources like solar, wind and diesel generators can provide power to homes and businesses while also feeding excess electricity back to the main power grid. The key aspects covered include how grid-tied systems work, the components involved like inverters, the advantages of net metering arrangements, different hybrid configuration options, and maximum power point tracking technology to optimize renewable energy output.
Wind energy – Leon Gouws – Kestrel Renewable EnergyIIED
Presentation by Leon Gouws of Kestrel Renewable Energy at the CHOICES project community energy workshops in Somerset East, Pearston and Cookhouse communities, Blue Crane Route Municipality in South Africa’s Eastern Cape, held in February and March 2013.
The presentation covers aspects of wind energy technology.
More information about Kestrel Renewable Energy: http://www.kestrelwind.co.za/
Further details of the CHOICES project: http://www.iied.org/choices-community-energy-project-south-africa
Wind turbines produce energy from wind by converting the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy. The size of the turbine and wind speed determine the amount of energy produced. There are two main types of wind turbine systems: grid-connected systems that feed power directly into the electrical grid, and stand-alone or hybrid systems that store excess power in batteries for off-grid use. When designing a wind turbine system, architects must consider site wind resources, zoning laws, energy needs, and whether the site can connect to the electrical grid.
presentation on solar energy and acid rain combined..
both the presentations are independent from each other....so you can delete the slides you don't want...hope you like it... (y)
This document provides an overview of photovoltaic (PV) power systems and their components. It discusses the different types of PV system configurations, including grid-connected and standalone systems. Grid-connected systems can range in size from residential to utility-scale solar power plants. The document also covers factors that affect PV system performance such as temperature, shading, and dirt. Maintaining clean panels and allowing air flow can help increase output and panel lifespan.
Similar to Tarec in renewable energy - pv intro eng v1.1 (20)
The document discusses the opportunities for governments to implement Industry 5.0 principles to reduce waste and move towards a more sustainable future. It notes that the global waste prevention market was estimated at USD 475 trillion in savings in 2019. Implementing Industry 5.0 practices could help governments establish systematic waste prevention tools across societies and industries to significantly reduce waste management costs and help transition countries from wasteful to wasteless.
The document discusses the opportunities for governments to implement Industry 5.0 principles to reduce waste and move towards a more sustainable future. It notes that the global waste prevention market was estimated at USD 475 trillion in savings in 2019. Implementing Industry 5.0 practices could help establish systematic waste prevention tools across societies and industries to significantly reduce waste management costs and help transition countries from wasteful to wasteless.
For three years, HAEFA has provided medical care and supplies to over 1.1 million Rohingya refugees fleeing oppression in Myanmar and living in refugee camps in Bangladesh. HAEFA operates medical centers serving 70,000 refugees, but needs $1.1 million to continue operations as COVID-19 spreads. HAEFA relies on donations from supporters who believe in helping vulnerable populations.
This document presents a distributed model called Clean Fuel and Healthy Food that aims to provide affordable clean fuel access, local jobs, and regenerative farming solutions in emerging economies. It does this through breakthrough modular enrichment and storage technology and proprietary nutrient recovery technology to produce bioCNG from agricultural waste in a more efficient and affordable way. This bioCNG can then be used for cooking, remote power applications, and mobility to help address global challenges around energy poverty, soil regeneration, and carbon emissions.
- Inovatian aims to connect the over 3.5 billion people around the world who lack internet access or network coverage, primarily in equatorial regions, by building a low-cost scalable network using mesh WiFi and blockchain technologies.
- Their innovative technology uses existing WiFi routers to share internet connections and a private blockchain to enable affordable communications networks for developing areas.
- Inovatian plans to launch networks in countries in Africa and Asia, with the goal of obtaining operator licenses and generating recurring revenue of $5 or more per user per month through services like mobile data, advertisements, and add-ons like VoIP.
Huaptec is a leading manufacturer of mobile signal enhancement solutions, with over 8000 items produced per month. It has regional offices in Europe, the USA, and India, with over 340 employees, including 1/3 focused on R&D. Huaptec develops high-performance, innovative products that comply with international standards and undergo multi-step quality control processes.
Huaptec is a leading manufacturer of mobile signal enhancement solutions that exports products to over 40 countries. It has regional offices in Europe, the USA, and India, with over 8000 items produced per month by more than 340 employees. Huaptec develops independent research and has 18 invention patents. It produces high-performance, innovative products that comply with international standards and undergo multi-step quality control.
TEKonsult provides training, engineering, and consulting services based on technology and expertise. They offer a wide range of services including customized training workshops, telecom and IT certifications, and over 400 training courses annually. Key aspects include their first-class team of experienced engineers, leadership on on-site projects, and expertise targeted across their services. They have a presence in over 100 countries and have trained over 1,000 attendees since their creation.
This document summarizes Koonsys' iNOP network optimization software and service. It describes Koonsys' history and timeline, the traditional and innovative services it offers to wireless and wired network operators, its customers and partners. It then discusses trends in the telecom industry requiring cost savings and network expansion. iNOP is presented as the unique solution that addresses both needs through a techno-economic model combining technical and financial optimization of transmission networks. The document outlines how iNOP works through advanced algorithms, potential project results, deliverables and sample case studies showing capacity increases, cost savings and other benefits achieved for various mobile operators.
This document describes Fracton Technologies and its network optimization solutions. Fracton is an Indian company that focuses on innovations in radio access network optimization for GSM, UMTS, and LTE technologies. It offers a range of network optimization services and has an outstanding track record of optimizing networks for leading mobile operators. Its flagship product is MaxCell, an automated optimization tool that optimizes network performance and quality of experience by tuning cell database parameters based on network configuration and performance data.
Grassroots Energy uses local agricultural resources to set up distributed energy services that provide 24/7 electricity. It develops mini grids powered by biogas generated from farm waste and syngas from agricultural waste through gasification. These mini grids trap methane emissions, operate for longer than diesel generators or solar, and provide multiple revenue streams from electricity and thermal energy sales. The environmentally sustainable model creates local jobs, solves energy access issues, improves healthcare, and integrates with the local economy and resources.
Alepo provides carrier-class software and services that enable global communications service providers to be competitive and profitable in an all-IP connected world. Their solutions span policy and charging control, real-time charging and billing, BSS/OSS, WiFi monetization, WiFi offload, AAA infrastructure, and more. Alepo helps carriers accelerate revenue, deliver best-in-class performance, and enhance customer experience on fixed and mobile broadband networks.
Fracton Technologies is an Indian company that develops RF optimization tools. It has expertise in planning and managing mobile networks. The company offers various network optimization services for GSM, UMTS, and LTE networks including parametric optimization, radio access network audits, automatic frequency planning, and spectrum refarming. Its automated optimization tool MaxCell optimizes cell and neighbor parameters to improve network performance and quality of experience. MaxCell provides customized optimization solutions for various vendors including Ericsson, Huawei, ZTE, and Nokia.
Koonsys is a network optimization company that launched its iNOP software in 2004. iNOP uses advanced algorithms and optimization techniques to analyze telecom network data and identify opportunities to reduce costs and improve network performance. It provides customized optimization plans and reports for clients. Case studies showed iNOP optimized networks by reducing microwave hops by 5-33%, freeing up tower space, increasing link capacities by 27-262%, and reducing costs per Mbps transferred by 16-51%.
This document discusses the challenges and opportunities facing international telecom companies in 2018 and beyond. Key issues addressed include increasing bandwidth demands, competition from new technologies like LPWA networks, regulatory challenges, identifying new revenue opportunities through partnerships and new services, modernizing network infrastructure using SDN and NFV, and optimizing networks and traffic. The telecom industry is facing disruptive changes that require creativity and initiatives to transform business models and capture new sources of revenue.
The document discusses the challenges and opportunities facing international telecom companies in 2017 and beyond. It identifies several challenges, including how to meet increasing bandwidth demands, competition from new technologies like LPWA networks, and regulatory issues. It also discusses opportunities such as developing new services, partnerships with OTT players, and vertically integrating or disintegrating business models. The document provides an overview of the transforming telecom industry landscape and considerations for telecom providers.
HyMesh is a self-configuring and self-healing WiFi mesh network technology that allows WiFi routers to communicate and share internet access. Routers can learn multiple paths to other routers and hand off packet transmissions without delays. The network is self-healing so if a router fails, others can perform its functions. It uses standard WiFi routers that are low-cost and suitable for outdoor use.
Press release on inovatian webiste to announce tarec in agency agreementfrankjoh
Inovatian Group has signed a non-exclusive global agency agreement with TAREC-IN of Norway to sell Inovatian's hyMeshTM intelligent self-configuring, self-healing WiFi mesh routers. The hyMeshTM technology allows WiFi routers to connect to each other to find internet access even if a direct connection is not available. It also enables full bandwidth utilization once a connection is made. TAREC-IN will provide engineering and consulting services to introduce hyMeshTM and other innovative technologies to telecommunications operators.
Open Channel Flow: fluid flow with a free surfaceIndrajeet sahu
Open Channel Flow: This topic focuses on fluid flow with a free surface, such as in rivers, canals, and drainage ditches. Key concepts include the classification of flow types (steady vs. unsteady, uniform vs. non-uniform), hydraulic radius, flow resistance, Manning's equation, critical flow conditions, and energy and momentum principles. It also covers flow measurement techniques, gradually varied flow analysis, and the design of open channels. Understanding these principles is vital for effective water resource management and engineering applications.
Road construction is not as easy as it seems to be, it includes various steps and it starts with its designing and
structure including the traffic volume consideration. Then base layer is done by bulldozers and levelers and after
base surface coating has to be done. For giving road a smooth surface with flexibility, Asphalt concrete is used.
Asphalt requires an aggregate sub base material layer, and then a base layer to be put into first place. Asphalt road
construction is formulated to support the heavy traffic load and climatic conditions. It is 100% recyclable and
saving non renewable natural resources.
With the advancement of technology, Asphalt technology gives assurance about the good drainage system and with
skid resistance it can be used where safety is necessary such as outsidethe schools.
The largest use of Asphalt is for making asphalt concrete for road surfaces. It is widely used in airports around the
world due to the sturdiness and ability to be repaired quickly, it is widely used for runways dedicated to aircraft
landing and taking off. Asphalt is normally stored and transported at 150’C or 300’F temperature
Levelised Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) Calculator ManualMassimo Talia
The aim of this manual is to explain the
methodology behind the Levelized Cost of
Hydrogen (LCOH) calculator. Moreover, this
manual also demonstrates how the calculator
can be used for estimating the expenses associated with hydrogen production in Europe
using low-temperature electrolysis considering different sources of electricity
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Blood finder application project report (1).pdfKamal Acharya
Blood Finder is an emergency time app where a user can search for the blood banks as
well as the registered blood donors around Mumbai. This application also provide an
opportunity for the user of this application to become a registered donor for this user have
to enroll for the donor request from the application itself. If the admin wish to make user
a registered donor, with some of the formalities with the organization it can be done.
Specialization of this application is that the user will not have to register on sign-in for
searching the blood banks and blood donors it can be just done by installing the
application to the mobile.
The purpose of making this application is to save the user’s time for searching blood of
needed blood group during the time of the emergency.
This is an android application developed in Java and XML with the connectivity of
SQLite database. This application will provide most of basic functionality required for an
emergency time application. All the details of Blood banks and Blood donors are stored
in the database i.e. SQLite.
This application allowed the user to get all the information regarding blood banks and
blood donors such as Name, Number, Address, Blood Group, rather than searching it on
the different websites and wasting the precious time. This application is effective and
user friendly.
This study Examines the Effectiveness of Talent Procurement through the Imple...DharmaBanothu
In the world with high technology and fast
forward mindset recruiters are walking/showing interest
towards E-Recruitment. Present most of the HRs of
many companies are choosing E-Recruitment as the best
choice for recruitment. E-Recruitment is being done
through many online platforms like Linkedin, Naukri,
Instagram , Facebook etc. Now with high technology E-
Recruitment has gone through next level by using
Artificial Intelligence too.
Key Words : Talent Management, Talent Acquisition , E-
Recruitment , Artificial Intelligence Introduction
Effectiveness of Talent Acquisition through E-
Recruitment in this topic we will discuss about 4important
and interlinked topics which are
Determination of Equivalent Circuit parameters and performance characteristic...pvpriya2
Includes the testing of induction motor to draw the circle diagram of induction motor with step wise procedure and calculation for the same. Also explains the working and application of Induction generator
1. Renewable Energy –
Introduction to Solar systems
Energize your building
Supply yourself with Solar
Exploitation Free Of Charge
A
good
idea?
2. Solar based technology - mature & safe
The sun and solar energy are the foundation of all life on our earth. The
bmost sustainable and accessible energy source has always been solar energy
Most solar cells are based on the element silicon. Photons in the sunlight are
absorbed into the silicon material and cause electrons to move around into an
electrical circuit. This creates the basis for electric current
The solar cell technology has no moving parts - and long service life,
moreover, the products are maintenance-free
Solar cells are normally cleaned by rainwater - depending climate,
careful flush or wash may be adopted elsewhere
3. Solar cells - Principle, Sky direction, Angle
transition zone
west
south
senit
north east
4. Solar cells - Own site production, Shadow conditions
Time
Power needs
throughout the day -
Typical for residential
house, working day
Surplus current
Realtime use of own energy
production
Terrain utilized to ensure sunlight and views
varying floor height ensures sunlight and views
shadow from various on-site or near by obstacles
5. What is a Solar Cell System?
Solar cells generate
electric direct current from
the sunlight
The inverter generates AC
power to the mains
(230V / 400V)
Power is used in the building,
surplus power is directed to
the grid (e.g. to neighbor)
6. Grid connected Solarcell (PV) System
• SAC-cables to Main Frame
• Surge protection
• Solarcell panels
• AMS-counter
• Installation system panels
• DC-cables from panels
• (Optional DC-switch)
• Inverter DC/AC
7. Mapping of needs/options of actual building(s)
Identify and analyze future energy consumption
• Expected total power needs adjusted +/- number of occupants,
light/heating/cooling/machines + from charging points EL car(s)
Determine the size and location of photovoltaic systems
Internet based IT tool for registered buildings
• Plant design/Energy calculation/etc for unregistered new buildings
• Alternative placements are considered on roof/facade/other
Practical challenges
• Main board(s), capacity/space, number of power meters
• Location of fuse box for EL inlet to main frame
• Location of inverter(s), and if any - batteries
• Power grid capacity, cables/transformers
Community maps
Internett holds various calculation tools
8. Internet tools may calculate your solar system
Example promotion for PV-system offerings
Country wise & Regional map based
Buildings with official map registration enables automatic results presented
# of panels, PV kWp cap, estimated kWh/Y, total price etc
9. Solar cells - Prerequisites for Roof surfaces
Large roof surfaces, facing favorable sky direction (E/S/W)
Optimum angle of solar cells for absorption of solar energy
Avoid mixture of multiple, small roof surfaces and different angles
Roof surface should be checked and approved, roof rest-life to be assessed
Roof must have the capacity to “withstand” 16k/m2 additional load (dead weight)
Any obstacles such as chimeny, roof ladder, valves etc may result in panel reduction
Shade from buildings/poles/trees may require optimization to avoid reduced production
There must be free and secure access to roofs
10. At 1-phase 230V, the maximum capacity of plants is about 4.3kWp, ie 14 panels of 310Wp
3-phase 230V or 400V inlet of main frame is required for systems in excess of 4.3 kWp
In the case of larger plants, capacity of grid/transformer must be confirmed by the utility
Max output to mains (eg 100kWp), PV production can be curtailed if needed
AMS gauge and surge protector must be installed
There must be free space in the fuse box
Solar cells - Prerequisites Electrical
11. Solar cells – power/area, power/inclination angle
Surface Postitioning Installed effect
Facade/Saddle roof All 0,15 kWp/m2
Flat roof South 0,06 kWp/m2
Flat roof East/West 0,12 kWp/m2
Surface Sloop Angle Positioning Specific effect
Facade 90o South 820 kWh/kWp/Y
Saddle std angle 27o South 920 kWh/kWp/Y
Saddle optimal angle 45o South 980 kWh/kWp/Y
Flat roof 20o South 875 kWh/kWp/Y
Flat roof 10o East/West 740 kWh/kWp/Y
installed power per area for different areas:
specific performance for south-facing PV plants with different angle of inclination:
12. Solar cells - Production by various allocation
40% area
utilization
80% area
utilization
~100% area utilization
Facade panels,
South positioned Flat roof, panels
South faced
Flat roof, panels
East/West faced
Saddle roof, panels
South faced
60 panel a 250Wp
12.300 kWh/year
60 panel a 250Wp
13.800 kWh/year
24 panel a 250Wp
5.250 kWh/year
48 panel a 250Wp
8.800 kWh/year
13. Solar panels - typical data and info
Panel power is in the range of 270-370 watts (standard - premium type)
Approx weight 18kg, dimensions 100*165cm, height 12-15 cm (surface)
Efficiency depending on technology, silicon types have about 16-21%
Type of Perovskite (titanium/tin based materials) tested for 20-25%
efficiency, but (not yet) competitive on price/performance versus market
leader Silicon types. Lab development is though ongoing
Most panel products are provided with a guaranteed 80% residual power
after 25 years of operation
After the declining prices of the PV plants due to technology development,
the installation cost is expected to be unaffected, so the systems price level
is now considered matured
14. Solar cell products - panels on ROOF
● Roof mounted systems (overlaying)
This is the "classic" solar cell facility in residential, commercial or public housing
buildings that have solar panels mounted on their own attachment system, which is either
attached into existing building engineering construction (saddle roof) or secured with a
ballast system floating on top of existing roof (flat roof)
● Integrated roof systems (BIPV)
These are traditional solar panels that are fitted with specially adapted mounting systems
which replaces the existing roof tiles, mounted in the existing building structure. Standard tile
roofing will enclose the photovoltaic system against the edges of roof tiles. For new projects,
construction/renovation material and labor costs for the roof tiles are spared - on the area
where the panels are laid out. There is also a weight element, as panel ease carrying capacity
requirements versus tiles
15. Solar cell products - panels on facades
● Surface-mounted facades
These are photovoltaic systems, most often built with traditional solar panels mounted on
exterior of existing façade cladding, with the use of specially designed fasteners to ensure a
secured and safe attachment
● Integrated facade systems (BIPV)
These are solar cells built with traditional or customized photovoltaic panels that replace
other cladding and thus constitute one weatherproof and dense facade. In the case of new
buildings and renovations, there is an additional cost for BIPV-based solar panels, but only
the price difference against traditional cladding
16. Solar cell products - Integrated TILES & CELLS
● Integrated solar cell roofing (BIPV)
These are photovoltaic systems that are usually built on sloped roofs with special
roof tiles coated with or have built-in solar cells, thus forming an independent, dense
and weatherproof roofing
● Building elements with integrated solar cells (BIPV)
Lately, a growing supply of building elements have arrived in the market, containing
integrated solar cell components, such as carports, handrails (for example, for use in
balconies or similar) and window elements
19. Solar panels mounted in the terrain on the ground
Mounting on solid construction of
steel/aluminum/wood. Foundation
and dimensions adapted to wind load
Orientation chosen according to
favorable sky direction and sun angle
20. Energy production, storage and control system
Weather
Forecast
Energy Optimization in
large commercial buildings
Tracking Energy Production -
Optimizing PV vs Grid usage
21. Energy storage for optimized use of PV production
▪ Energy storage in own battery bank is not profitable today, as the
kWh price for extracting stored energy will be too high (potential ratio
5:1 per kWh - depending market) compared to real time grid delivery
▪ The price of batteries is expected to follow the same descending
curve as solar cell technology, based on greater volume and improved
technology within a few years
▪ May nevertheless be relevant in agriculture/industry to protect loss of
production/loss due to power failure, otherwise it is recommended to
await the journey towards mature price levels
▪ Power provider may offer "virtual storage" of power (on account - for
later withdrawals, typically during winter time)
22. Consider PV-system & Vehicle to Grid V2G charger
▪ Electrical Vehicles (EV) are on the rise, either you have one, or proberly
will, in near future – then bidirectional V2G charger should be included
▪ The V2G may charge electrical cars directly using solar PV power which
will be >15% efficient than current chargers. Thus allow consuming the
most favorable source of available power supply at any given time
▪ The V2G prevents some 19% conversion losses from DC to AC and back,
btw PV/Grid/EV, as buildings and transport devices becomes electrified
▪ 4 different power flows; PV-EV, EV-Grid-EV and PV-Grid can be handled
▪ The V2G charging module is a smart integration between a Maximum
Power Point Tracking (MPPT) solar module and an EV charging module
24. Intelligent Energy Management Systems
Systems for intelligent management of energy production/consumption
adapted to the grid company's grid rental are soon expected to be
common available in the market. Desirable features:
• Possibility of reducing the cost contribution from the electricity tariff
power link, by reducing power peaks and keeping electricity drawn
from the grid below the grid company power pricing threshold
• Increase self-consumption of all solar energy produced, save profits
• Utilize hour-by-hour price fluctuations in power (spot price)
• Adapt the stored energy output to 24 hrs rolling weather forecasts
• Aiming, min power requirement as network company's price is high
26. Monitor on-site daily production on web/mob app
Solar energy May Solar energy October
27. SAVINGS + ENVIRONMENT ASPECT - CO2 REDUCTION
Typical for a small 14 panel 4.3 kWp plant
Saved electricity (%)
Number of
Barrels of Oil
Corresponding
trees planted
Corresponding
saved CO2 (kilo)
28. Downpayment period - NetPresent Value calculation 25 years
Financing and Profitability based on prepared present value calculation for the plant:
• Downpayment time estimated, Net Present Value calculation (NPV)
The base plant's produced power volume, estimated in kWh/year ->
The following should also be included in financing:
• Funding from governmental financing institutions
• Potential provider dependent payment solutions
• Reduced interest rate on "green" mortgage loans in bank
Ratio of power volume:
Own plant and Grid
29. In any case, energy costs will burden the economy
The alternative to investing in a PV system that generates "free" energy from
the sun's rays is to buy the same amount of energy from a grid company at a
kWh price that is traditionally around NOK 1/kWh (10cent in Norway)
Max size of PV system adapted to single-phase 230V systems (common in
many buildings) will be 4.3 kWp with 14 panels. Yearly system production,
depending local and site conditions, may result at about 4.000 kWh/year
The accumulated 10-year energy cost could then be NOK 40.000, which must
be paid to the grid company if you have not invested in your own PV system
In most cases, the PV system will be repaid within 10-12 years, or less, with a
subsequent twice as long period of free electricity from the plant
30. Solar cells - Generic for projects
Requirements:
Roof surface solid covered, rafter layout system prepared (integrated panels)
Sufficient capacity and adapted to EL system, 1 phase: max 4.3 kWp
AMS and surge protector pre-installed, free space in fuse box
Inverters placed on outside wall (alt. in technical room), easily accessible
AC inverter wiring fed to the main frame for electrical inputs in the building
Saddle roof to withstand the net weight of panels 16kg/m2 on tile surface
Flat roofs must withstand panels weight inclusive ballast 35kg/m2, according
to the layout plan
31. Planning new construct-/renovation SADDLE roof
Plan of the roof surface with objectives and sky direction for the roof and
ceiling angle indicated. Height from ground level access to gutters stated
Valves/chimney/ladder/etc obstacles are stated with height*width, in
addition to roof surface allocations. Specify if alternate placement options
Expected housing total electricity requirements; lights/heat/cooling + from
charging points EV(s). Identify possible in-/decrease in occupancies and
summarized total future consumption
Location of main frame is indicated and shown in the targeted floor plan
Slate, eternit, peat roofing excludes the use of solar panels
32. Planning for new/renovated HORIZONTAL roof
Floor plan of the roof surface with all objectives set for optimum panel utilization
Valves/obstacles are specified with height/width, incl ceiling surface allocation
Drains are indicated with targeted allocation on the roof surface. Drainage ducts are
desirable alongside periphery, to avoid problems for mounting the rail system
Drainage channels in the middle of the roof make it difficult to plan the rail system
because the top and bottom of the solar cells cannot be directly above the channel,
moreover, it becomes difficult to attach clamps due to falls in 2 different directions
Recommends cornices at a minimum of 30 cm to reduce some of the wind load and
max roof angle 3o, larger angles require slide protection (patent tape) that is
attached to the rails and eg the edge of the roof to hold the panels in place
Roofing felt/asphalt gives the best friction. Recommended versus using foil
33. Expected results from engineering
Type and number of solar panels with specified max power (Wp)
Panel Warranty: Guided about 10 years for product, about 25 years (80% rest production)
Type of inverter and max power adapted to panel group (kWp)
Warranty: Inverter(s) (recommended for about 5 years) product
Estimated annual production for the plant (kWh)
Area covered on roof (approx. 1.6 m2/panel)
Enclosure against roofing with integrated panel type included
Panel ballast/mounting with flat roof, dim for wind gusts 30-40 m/sec
Price turnkey tested plant w/production app for monitoring
Maintenance agreement w/IR testing and inspection of panel v/needs (industry)
35. Development with BIPV - Using PV-Integrated Tiles
Solar roof tiles, typical technical data (product dependent):
o Size per "stone" 870 * 870 mm
o Thickness 6 mm
o Pressure 5400 Nk/m2
o Ceiling angle min 3o (for waterproofing)
o Power 162w/m2 (max)
Solar roof tiles vs solar panel (example):
o Product warranty 10 years vs 25years
o Max power 162 vs approx 195 kWp/m2
o Weight 19.5 vs 16 kg/m2 (dead weight)
36. Development with BIPV - versus PV panels
Priced estimates for Sun roof tiles (eg Sunstyle etc) will be about 3 - 3.5 times higher versus
traditional PV panel solution. The output will be about ½ portion of the energy production
Example equipment comparable roof surfaces:
o Panel: 19,000 kWh / year – 1,2 $ / kWh / year
o Sunstyle: 9,500 kWh / year – 4,2 $ / kWh / year
Additional work / costs for preparation with the roof surfaces:
o Roof surfaces must be equipped with 3 layers of pressure-impregnated rafter structure
o Roof surfaces must be covered with material that can withstand minimum 80o Celcius
37. Development with BIPV Solar Cells for facades
Solar panels for facades and railings, eg type of BayWa, Solarlab, Issol, Onyx Solar etc.
Facade-based solar panels are normally required to apply in each municipality
The costs vary depending on several things, prices from 2-300 to 1.0 thousand US$
Variations in energy production kWp/m2, sizes, shape and color
38. Practical tips when purchasing solar cells
As for other fixed equipment, the plant is covered by the insurance
Fire hazard by photovoltaic technology as with other electrical gear
Fire may be due to incorrect installation - use a certified installer
Snow can be melted with reversed current for the heating panels
Small roof area can be compensated by premium panels> 320W
Consider the aesthetics of panels with regard to eg. layout and color
Choose a solid and competent supplier - for lifetime support
39. Recommended Maintenance – if need be
If frequent natural rainwater is not enough to keep panel surfaces clean:
Avoid use of high power/pressure washer machines, max 500 psi at nozzle
Use low mineral tap water w/hardness >75 mg/liter & pipe pressure 60-80 psi
Temperature difference btw water and solar panel not to exceed < 20o C, to
avoid glass surface thermal shock, causing glass to crack
Consequently perform cleaning before sunrise or after sunset, at low energy
generation - to avoid electrical shock
Avoid under all circumstances scrubing og scratching the panel surface – in
case of stubborn stains hard to remove, contact proffessional cleaners
PS: Include PV-system in periodic Electrical Installation Condition Report EICR
40. Set goals for reduced costs & improved climate
Solar energy provides short-traveled energy to the consumer, zero energy loss
Solar cells (housing) require virtually zero maintenance
Investment can provide a 25-year production guarantee and a lifetime of 35-40 years
On-site own production can also make a useful contribution to the power grid
Reduced CO2 contribution from the solar cell plant - improves the environment
Surplus production may be credited to your account in the form of kWh/US$
The energy bill from the network grid provider is reduced
41. Solarcell/battery hybrid for Sporting fields
Innovative usage of LED luminaire with built-in solar panel, battery and
programmable control unit as an alternative to wired power supply.
Each lamp post is a standalone module
with battery, solar cells and LED lights,
which work independently of each other
and the mains
Creative solution for lightning to a mini-
pitch, skatepark or similar as alternative
to establish expensive ditch and long
stretch cabling for grid supply
Coop btw local community and utility
(Foto: Line Møllerhaug, Haugaland Kraft)
42. Solarcell/battery hybrid in Remote areas
Looking for an effective solution for remote tunnels, using LED luminaires cabled to
stand-alone ground mounted solar panels, battery bank, back-up generator and
programmable control unit as an alternative to long stretch of wired power supply
Solar cells with eg 260 W panels can be mounted outside a tunnel.
The panels charge batteries with sufficient power to supply power
for LED lights in the tunnel. Back-up generator ensures 24/7 operation
Power is turned on when a car passes
steering loops in the roadway
Successful projects have been
operational in Norway since
2016