Presented by Birhanu Z. Birhanu, Matthew P. McCartney, Bharat Sharma, Joshua Ogunwole, Gerba Leta and Seleshi B. Awlachew at the International Conference on Ecosystem Conservation and Sustainable Development, Ambo University, Ethiopia, 10-12 February 2011.
Watershed management experiences in Amhara Region, EthiopiaILRI
Presented by Fentahun Mengistu at the Stakeholders’ Workshop on Enhancing Communities’ Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change Induced Water Scarcity in Kabe Watershed, South Wollo Zone, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia, 24-25 November 2011.
Integrated watershed management programme at gunjala village – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract Integrated watershed management programme was launched in Tamsi mandal of gunjala village by using ‘Four water Concept’. Case study included Questionnaire survey from farmers living in that village, and continuous study over a period of two years. Tamsi village is a tribal village and drought area with very less rainfall. Total project area is 4566 Hac, Project Cost Rs. 547.92 Lakhs. The sanctioned area of Gunjala micro watershed is 710 Hac with a outlay of Rs. 85.20 Lakhs. Out of which the total expenditure incurred was Rs.39.12 Lakhs and constructed structures were LBS, RFDs, PTs, CDs and Plantation. Over two year period, it was observed that, 2 years of period the ground water has been improved in this village and three Bore wells are drilled and they are successful, even during peak summer they could meet their day today activities. The farmer Jadhav Uttam has an additional income of Rs. 17600 per Acre in cotton and Rs. 6300 per Acre in Red Gram. The farmer Gnan Singh had an additional income of Rs. 17600 per Acre in cotton and Rs. 5,250 per Acre in Red Gram. The farmer Amber Singh had an additional income of Rs. 13200 per Acre in cotton and Rs. 3,500 per Acre in Red Gram. In the same way, others farmers were also able to generate the benefits from the construction of water storage structures. Total Additional income generated for Seven farmers was Rs. 6, 31000/- in 2011-2012 Cropping Season with construction of Check Dams of Rs.3,24000/- an additional average income per Acre to the farmer is of Rs. 22,500/- and a series of 8 Nos. check dams are constructed on single 3rd order stream which flows Across the 6 Grama Panchayats from ridge to valley. There are 90 farmers cultivating 168 Acre of land who are benefited by getting an additional income of Rs.37,80,000/-. Keywords: Four water Concept, micro watershed, LBS, RFDs, PTs, CDs and Plantation
Presented by Birhanu Z. Birhanu, Matthew P. McCartney, Bharat Sharma, Joshua Ogunwole, Gerba Leta and Seleshi B. Awlachew at the International Conference on Ecosystem Conservation and Sustainable Development, Ambo University, Ethiopia, 10-12 February 2011.
Watershed management experiences in Amhara Region, EthiopiaILRI
Presented by Fentahun Mengistu at the Stakeholders’ Workshop on Enhancing Communities’ Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change Induced Water Scarcity in Kabe Watershed, South Wollo Zone, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia, 24-25 November 2011.
Integrated watershed management programme at gunjala village – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract Integrated watershed management programme was launched in Tamsi mandal of gunjala village by using ‘Four water Concept’. Case study included Questionnaire survey from farmers living in that village, and continuous study over a period of two years. Tamsi village is a tribal village and drought area with very less rainfall. Total project area is 4566 Hac, Project Cost Rs. 547.92 Lakhs. The sanctioned area of Gunjala micro watershed is 710 Hac with a outlay of Rs. 85.20 Lakhs. Out of which the total expenditure incurred was Rs.39.12 Lakhs and constructed structures were LBS, RFDs, PTs, CDs and Plantation. Over two year period, it was observed that, 2 years of period the ground water has been improved in this village and three Bore wells are drilled and they are successful, even during peak summer they could meet their day today activities. The farmer Jadhav Uttam has an additional income of Rs. 17600 per Acre in cotton and Rs. 6300 per Acre in Red Gram. The farmer Gnan Singh had an additional income of Rs. 17600 per Acre in cotton and Rs. 5,250 per Acre in Red Gram. The farmer Amber Singh had an additional income of Rs. 13200 per Acre in cotton and Rs. 3,500 per Acre in Red Gram. In the same way, others farmers were also able to generate the benefits from the construction of water storage structures. Total Additional income generated for Seven farmers was Rs. 6, 31000/- in 2011-2012 Cropping Season with construction of Check Dams of Rs.3,24000/- an additional average income per Acre to the farmer is of Rs. 22,500/- and a series of 8 Nos. check dams are constructed on single 3rd order stream which flows Across the 6 Grama Panchayats from ridge to valley. There are 90 farmers cultivating 168 Acre of land who are benefited by getting an additional income of Rs.37,80,000/-. Keywords: Four water Concept, micro watershed, LBS, RFDs, PTs, CDs and Plantation
CLASSIFICATION OF ALTERNATE LAND USE SYSTEMsubhashB10
In this presentation you will come to know about the CLASSIFICATION OF ALTERNATE LAND USE SYSTEM. That is:
DEFINITION OF ALTERNATE LAND USE SYSTEM
DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATIONS BASED ON IT.
And also you will come to know about the use of alternate land use system in different aspects in agricultural sector.
This presentation deals with Watershed Management In India and areas where there is scope of development. It also talks about a solution and our urges that our approach should be based on sustainability.
Watershed Management for Sustainable Development of Rainfed areasAntaraPramanik
Development of watershed is one of the most trusted and eco-friendly approach to manage rainwater and other natural resources, which has paid rich dividends in the rainfed areas and is capable of addressing many natural, social and environmental issues. (Wani et al., 2003).
Over 120 million ha land area has been declared degraded (Maji et al., 2007) in India.
The annual soil loss rate in India is nearly 16.4 t/ha (Mandal and Sharda, 2013).
The loss of sediments caused by soil erosion not only deteriorates the quality of surface water, nearby water bodies, and wetlands but also reduces the productivity of agricultural land (Issaka and Ashraf, 2017).
Watershed technology is suitable to protect and enhance soil fertility, which is deteriorating at an alarming rate with agricultural intensification. A vast range of activities of every day life depends upon adequate supplies of water. For e.g. Agriculture and Industry, power production, inland transportation, sanitation and public health services and so on.
Therefore to provide all these activities construction of watershed and manage is essential.
Fast deterioration of natural resources is one of the key issues, threatening sustainable development of rainfed agriculture as most rainfed regions are facing multifaceted problems of land degradation, water shortage, acute poverty, and escalating population pressure.
Poor watershed management is a major cause of land and water degradation, rural poverty in India.
The management of watershed provides a means to achieve sustainable land and water management.
Improved and appropriate soil and water management practices are most important for sustainable and improved livelihoods in the rainfed areas because other technological interventions such as improved varieties, fertilizers, etc. are generally not so effective where soil is degraded and water is severely limited.
CLASSIFICATION OF ALTERNATE LAND USE SYSTEMsubhashB10
In this presentation you will come to know about the CLASSIFICATION OF ALTERNATE LAND USE SYSTEM. That is:
DEFINITION OF ALTERNATE LAND USE SYSTEM
DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATIONS BASED ON IT.
And also you will come to know about the use of alternate land use system in different aspects in agricultural sector.
This presentation deals with Watershed Management In India and areas where there is scope of development. It also talks about a solution and our urges that our approach should be based on sustainability.
Watershed Management for Sustainable Development of Rainfed areasAntaraPramanik
Development of watershed is one of the most trusted and eco-friendly approach to manage rainwater and other natural resources, which has paid rich dividends in the rainfed areas and is capable of addressing many natural, social and environmental issues. (Wani et al., 2003).
Over 120 million ha land area has been declared degraded (Maji et al., 2007) in India.
The annual soil loss rate in India is nearly 16.4 t/ha (Mandal and Sharda, 2013).
The loss of sediments caused by soil erosion not only deteriorates the quality of surface water, nearby water bodies, and wetlands but also reduces the productivity of agricultural land (Issaka and Ashraf, 2017).
Watershed technology is suitable to protect and enhance soil fertility, which is deteriorating at an alarming rate with agricultural intensification. A vast range of activities of every day life depends upon adequate supplies of water. For e.g. Agriculture and Industry, power production, inland transportation, sanitation and public health services and so on.
Therefore to provide all these activities construction of watershed and manage is essential.
Fast deterioration of natural resources is one of the key issues, threatening sustainable development of rainfed agriculture as most rainfed regions are facing multifaceted problems of land degradation, water shortage, acute poverty, and escalating population pressure.
Poor watershed management is a major cause of land and water degradation, rural poverty in India.
The management of watershed provides a means to achieve sustainable land and water management.
Improved and appropriate soil and water management practices are most important for sustainable and improved livelihoods in the rainfed areas because other technological interventions such as improved varieties, fertilizers, etc. are generally not so effective where soil is degraded and water is severely limited.
Managing tank cascades in the dry zone for Optimum supplyDr. P.B.Dharmasena
Presentation made at the seminar organized
by IEPSL on 19th August 2011 at Waters Edge, Colombo to explain the importance of tank cascade management in sustainable water resources management
This is part 2 of the 14th lesson of the course - Indigenous Knowledge Systems taught to Master Students in Agriculture at the Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
ISEWP will facilitate (technically) agencies in the implementation process of sustainable rice based agro-ecosystems.
All relevant agencies will implement sustainable rice field agro-ecosystems through Policy formulation, participatory technology demonstration, fund diversion, knowledge management. .
All agricultural users will adopt rice agro-ecosystem practices'
through
Participatory technology demonstration, extension and training.
Panel on ‘Statistical Data for Policy Decision Making in Ethiopia’, African Statistics Day Workshop organized by the Ethiopian Statistics Service (ESS). 17-Nov-22.
Virtual roundtable meeting on the results and learnings from the P4G Sustainable Food Partnership. DanChurchAid together with SFP partners and in coordination with P4G Hub, Washington, and State of Green, Copenhagen. 23-Nov-22.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...
Integrated Rainwater Management Strategies in the Blue Nile Basin of the Ethiopian Highlands
1. Water for a food-secure world
Integrated Rainwater Management
Strategies in the Blue Nile Basin of the
Ethiopian Highlands
Birhanu Zemadim, Matthew McCartney, Simon Langan and Bharat Sharma
International Water Management Institute
2. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Background
Ethiopian highlands of the Blue Nile Basin;
– Have enormous agricultural and natural resources potential
– Mean annual rainfall 900-2500mm
• Is not easily retained in the form of surface/ground water
• Much of the water is lost to runoff
– Majority of people are rain-dependant
– Fragile landscapes
• Poverty and marginalization of the rural villagers
3. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Common Problems and Results
• Land degradation and water scarcity
• Poor land management practices and lack of focus on Rain
water management Strategies (RWS)
i. Existing structures to harvest rainwater were not built to the
required standard,
ii. Structures cannot contain enough water,
iii. No close supervision of the structures,
iv. The approaches lack community cooperation,
v. Most structures were built rapidly with poor planning and lack
of decentralized ownership systems
• Hardship and insecurity
– Inability to safeguard livelihood systems
• The vicious cycle of poverty is aggravated
Results of poor RMS
to the local
community
4. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Major goal of RMS
• Improving the resilience of rural communities,
• Contributing to poverty reduction,
o Improve the quality of life of rural communities
• The goal is achieved through natural resources regeneration and
management (watershed approach)
o Restoration of the local environment through RW Harvesting (RWH)
o Focus on the entire watershed and integrated community-led approaches
• Need to have an environmental unit for planning and
implementation
5. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Existing Practices of RMS in Ethiopia
• Traditional RWH techniques,
– Runoff farming closely related to Soil Water Conservation (SWC)
– Dated back to 1970
– Targets reducing soil erosion with little or no interest in enhancing soil water infiltration
• In-situ water harvesting techniques,
micro-basins
• From 40,000 RWH ponds constructed between 2003 and 2008 in
Amhara and Tigray region of Ethiopia, most have failed (AMU, 2009),
• Slow uptake by local farmers,
• The technologies are rarely sufficiently adapted to local conditions,
6. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
One of failed rainwater harvesting
structure in in FOGERA district
Non functional hand pump in MADA
JALALA AREA, DIGA district, EAST WOLLEGA
Flooding in FOGERA district
Status of Existing Structures and natural phenomenon
Water fetching in Mizewa highland
7. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Existing Practices of RMS in Ethiopia
• Protecting forested areas and reducing soil erosion by building
terraces and planting tree seedlings since the mid-1970s
o Resulted in limited success (Bishaw, 2001)
• Emerging successful stories of RMS programs in Ethiopia:
o As part of Sustainable Land Management (SLM) project by MoARD,
Projects are showcased in Amhara, Oromiya, Tigray and Somali
region include various technologies and approaches to increase in-situ
water availability and increase aquifer recharge
8. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Towards effective RMS….. Lessons learnt
o the full range of water storage options in catchments need to be
considered. These are water storage in:
soil moisture, wetlands, water harvesting structures and groundwater
• Are best achieved on a micro-catchment basis-environmental unit
• The approach emphasizes self-help, ecological regeneration and
“catching rain wherever it falls”
• The principle addresses the need to work on different water
storages options
9. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Conceptualization of the physical water storage continuum
after McCartney and Smakhtin, 2010
10. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Planting trees and grasses to stabilize
waterways and provide fodder and fuel wood
Instituting bans on tree felling and grazing for
natural regeneration of shrubs and grasses
Training villagers in new or improved
agricultural practices and livelihood activities
Supporting cottage industries and supplemental
income generation through micro-lending schemes
11. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
RMS through watershed development approach:-
hydraulic structures & management
• Three basic operations
– Area Treatments
– Drainage Line
Treatments
– Afforestation and
pasture development
• The operations need to be
conducted from ridge to valley at
a watershed level
12. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Continuous Contour Trenches (CCT) or hillside terraces
• The technology avoids the use of stones in
farmlands and has got positive perception of its
usefulness and active promotion by extension
service in Ethiopia (SLMP, 2010).
CCT / Hill side trenches
Area Treatments
• Has its origin in India and has been practiced in Blue
Nile basin, Tigray region, North Shoa and Awash
basin (SLMP, 2010)
• Result in control of erosion, retention of soil fertility,
better soil moisture regime, infiltration and ground
water recharge
• Are practiced in low to high rainfall (250-3000mm)
regimes, and mild to steeper slopes (5 to greater than
60% slopes)
13. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Stone/Soil bunds
Stone Bunds across the slope
• Is widely adopted by many farmers in Ethiopia to retain
rainwater that becomes runoff and later causes erosion
• Is essentially a water harvesting practice
intended to store rainwater for crop
production and enhance ground water
recharge
• Arrest the flow of water and control erosion
in areas where soil work is not possible
The technology has been practiced in Blue Nile basin, Tigray
region, North Shoa and Awash basin (SLMP, 2010)
14. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Vegetation bunds and plantation along CCTs
Vegetation Bunds and
plantations along CCTs
Photo from INDIA
• Are practiced in high rainfall regimes and
steeper slopes to reduce the effect of flood
problems
• Found to be suitable to steeper areas
receiving high rainfall
• to enhance moisture and water
harvesting,
•increase biomass, conserve water and
control erosion.
• Effective soil erosion control and prevention
of gully erosion (SLMP, 2010)
15. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Biophysical measures integrated with area enclosures
• Are common practices to help maintain
the productivity of degraded land which
has been abandoned
• Unproductive and waste lands are changed to
productive land by the prevention and reduction of
erosion and enhance land rehabilitation (SLMP,
2010).
Paved and grassed water way technology
16. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Drainage Line Treatments
Begin from the top of the
watershed
• Series of gully plugs and
earthen and stone dams
• Check dams and percolation
tanks
Gully plugs along drainage line
17. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Agro-forestry system and Pasture development
• Include growing of various crops
(perennial trees and shrubs with
annual crops)
o Meet household needs of fruits,
fuel, fodder, timber and fiber
o Add organic matter to the soil
o Control erosion
o Slow runoff and accelerate
infiltration
o Higher income and less biotic
pressure on grazing grounds
18. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
as part of Integrated RMS …
Biophysical Research
Monitoring and Modeling
19. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Watershed approach towards
effective RMS …..
20. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Research Sites
In areas (called “study landscapes”) representing dominant
agro-ecological zones and farming systems
Fogera: a relatively high
potential, market-oriented,
rice–based system);
Jeldu; a relatively low-
potential system with
steep agro-ecological
gradients
Diga/Dapo: a relatively
high potential system with
poor market access but
with high value crops and
livestock potential
21. Water for a food-secure world
A Participatory Approach for Hydro-meteorological
Monitoring
22. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Monitoring provides biophysical information
that can be used to evaluate the impacts
of RMS on hydrological flows as well as to
determine water-use and water
productivity in different landscape
components
23. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Example of natural variability in rainfall and flow, in Fogera District
(Data from 1992-2003)
From May to October average rainfall record > 50 mm
Long-term MAR is 1330 and 511 Mm3 for Gumara and Ribb
Total flow volume of 1841 Mm3
24. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
• Average per capita water availability is 2595 m3 per year
– A figure higher than both the national figure (1707 m3) and
basin figure (2029 m3).
• Heavy floods in the rainy season are typically followed by
water shortages during the dry season
• Much of the available water in the area remains unutilized
25. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Case study Mizewa watershed: Flooding
Photo taken in August 2012
26. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Case study Mizewa watershed: Drought
Photo taken in March 2013
27. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Dry season water search in Fogera
February to May
28. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Establishment of 3 watershed monitoring networks in the Blue Nile
Basin of Ethiopian highlands
29. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Monitoring Locations
Dapo watershed 18 km2
Mizewa watershed 27 km2
Meja watershed 96 km2
30. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Methodology
• A participatory approach involving local community
and other stakeholders
• A scientific approach -the application of scientific
and engineering principles in design, construction
and installation of the component structures
• Activities undertaken
– inception of idea/stakeholder identification
– designing the network
– installing the network
– monitoring and maintaining the network
– collating, quality control and data archiving
– communication and feedback mechanisms
31. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Community consultation Community engagement in installation of soil
moisture and ground water level devices
Monitoring Soil moisture and ground water level
Weather station installation
32. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Challenges
Vandalism
• This relates primarily to the automatic flow
gauging stations, located on road bridges
at the outlet of each watershed
Flood damage
33. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Flood damage
34. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Main outcomes of a participatory approach
conducted in the three watersheds:
– identifications of appropriate sites for hydrologic
monitoring
– reduction of costs of installation and maintenance
– provision of security to the installed network
– instilling a sense of ownership within the local
communities
35. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Biophysical data monitoring for improved decisions making
Full scale, high resolution hydro-meteorological
monitoring will improve decisions towards
appropriate rainwater management strategies
(RMS) and hence livelihood improvement
Appropriate basin wide decision support tools based on
hydrological and agro-ecological systems is required
to prioritize sustainable RMS, and study
downstream impacts and eco-system services
36. Water for a food-secure worldWater for a food-secure world
Watershed Management Practices
and
Hydrological Modeling……………..