This document summarizes information about influenza presented in a seminar. It discusses that influenza is caused by orthomyxoviruses, which are spherical, enveloped viruses containing negative-sense RNA. There are three main types of influenza viruses: A, B, and C. Type A viruses infect both humans and animals and are further divided into subtypes. Influenza spreads seasonally through respiratory droplets and direct contact. The incubation period is usually 2 days. Symptoms include fever, muscle aches, sore throat, and cough. Complications can include pneumonia and worsening of lung diseases. Prevention methods include annual vaccination, hand washing, covering coughs, and avoiding contact with sick individuals. Approved antiviral drugs can also

1. B Y - H I M A N G S H U S H A R M A
DEPT OF PHARMACEUTICAL
SCIENCES,
DIBRUGARH UNIVERSITY
SEMINAR ON INFLUENZA

2. INTRODUCTION
 Virus cause influenza.
 Another name is “Orthomyxovirus”.These are
spherical,enveloped viruses containing negative
senses.
 Three types of influenza :
a)type A
b)type B
c)type C

3. CONTD….
 Type A virus was isolated in 1933,by intranasal
instillation of throatwashings of patients .
 Type B virus was isolated along with type A in cell
culture in 1940.
 Type A virus is differ from type B in that they have
animal reservior and further divided into subtypes.

4. SPREADING & INCUBATION
 Influenza spreads in seasonal epidemic
worldwide,particularly in the cooler winter.
 Influenza is transmitted through air from the
respiratory tract of an infected person.
 It can also be transmitted by direct contact with
respiratory droplets.
 Incubation period is usually 2 days.

5. SYMPTOMS
 Abrupt onset fever,
 Aching muscles,
 Sore throat,
 Non-productive cough,
 Runny nose
 Headache
 Burning sensation in the chest
 Eye pain

6. COMPLICATION
 The most frequent complication of influenza is
bacterial pneumonia.
 Inflammation of the heart & worsening of
pulmonary diseases(eg:bronchitis).
 Reyes syndromes is also occurs.

7. PREVENTION
 The best way to prevent is
with annual vaccination.
 Covering our mouth & nose
with sleeve or tissue paper during sneezing.
 Washing our hands often with soaps & water
specially after sneezing or coughing.
 Staying away from people from sick people.

8. PREVENTIVE DRUGS
 There are four antiviral agents approved for
prevention of influenza.
 Oseltamivir & Zanamivir will offer protection against
both A&B.
 Amantadine & Rimantadine also offers protection
but only against type A.
 But their use is limited to situations .

9. VACCINE
 Vaccines are made from inactivated viruses.
 Contains 3 strains of influenza virus.
 For the inactivated vaccines,the viruses are
inactivated,
purified &
packaged in-
syringes.Live-
-virus vaccine is packaged in a special nasal
sprayer.

10. REFERENCE
• Chakraborty P,a textbook of microbiology,chapter
Orthomyxovirus.ed 2nd,pg no.:563-572

11. THANK YOU