Self-driving cars use artificial intelligence and various sensors like radar, LIDAR, optics and ultrasonic sensors to navigate roadways without human input. The first autonomous vehicle was invented in 1983 by DARPA. Current self-driving cars are at level 2 autonomy, with companies like Waymo working on level 4 cars expected by 2020. Self-driving vehicles provide advantages like reduced accidents and increased fuel economy but also face challenges like potential hacking, sensor failures causing accidents, and possible terrorism risks.

1. SELF DRIVING CAR
based on AI
1
Presented by
PRITAM KANTI GHOSH

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What is AI ?
 Artificial Intelligence
Machine mimics with
other human minds such as
"learning" and "problem
solving".
First invented at
Dartmouth College , USA in
1956

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What is Self Driving Car ?
It is known as Autonomous Car

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History
ALV :- Autonomous Land Vehicle
World’s first successful autonomous car
 invented in 1983
Invented by DARPA
(Defense Advanced
Research Projects
Agency) of US.
Used in U.S. military

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VEHICLE HARDWARE
 RADAR
 Optics
 LIDAR
 GPS
 PROCESSORS
 Wheel Speed
Sensors
Ultrasonic
Sensor

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RADAR
RAdio Detection And Ranging 1. Detect objects more
than 100 meters away
in vehicle path.
2. RADAR chirps
between 10 GHz to 11
GHz over a 5 ms
period.

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OPTICS
 These are use to detect
the traffic lights, traffic
signs, pedestrians etc.
They also detect different
road sign like “STOP”
Signs , Zebra Crossings,
Sign Boards etc.

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LIDAR
Light Detection And Ranging
 Measure Distance with a Light
Beam & Analyse the reflected
Light
 It uses LASER, UV Ray, Visible
Light & Infrared Light.

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GPS
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
 Keep the Car on its intended route
 Uses Satellite to gather information
about the current position of the
vehicle

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Ultrasonic Sensors

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Processors & Wheel Speed Sensors

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TOP MANUFACTURING COMPANY
GM
Waymo
Audi
Mercedes-Benz
Ford
Volkswagen Group
BMW-Intel-FCA
Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Alliance
Volvo-Autoliv-Ericsson
according to a survey by Navigant on Feb 1,2018

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SELF DRIVING CAR LEVELS

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PRESENT SCENARIO
 Now, “LEVEL 2” cars are being used.
 “GOOGLE” & “WAYMO” focusing on “LEVEL 4”.
Expected launching in 2020
 “LEVEL 5” car is expecting to launch in 2050 (according to SAE)

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ADVANTAGES
o REDUCTION OF ACCIDENT
o FUEL ECONOMY
o REDUCTION OF TRAFFIC POLICE
o NO VEHICLE INSURANCE
o UTILIZATION OF PARKING SPACE

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DISADVANTAGES
o CHANCES OF HACKING
o FEWER JOBS
o FAILURE of SENSOR LEAD
MAJOR ACCIDENT
o CAN BE USED FOR TERRORISM

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