Seismic Waves
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This document discusses different types of seismic waves. P waves are faster longitudinal waves that cause compression and rarefaction. S waves are slower transverse waves that cause a crest and trough motion and cannot pass through liquids. Surface waves are a combination of P and S waves and move the slowest. Tsunamis are ocean waves that are above normal size ranging from 2 cm to 30 meters. Seismographs record ground movements and use the different arrival times of P and S waves to locate earthquakes and find underground resources.
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Tsunamis
Tsunamis are caused when a large section of the sea floor suddenly moves and displaces a massive amount of water, creating low amplitude long wavelength waves that gain destructive force as they reach shallow shorelines where the sea floor causes wavelengths to shorten and amplitudes to increase.
EARTHQUAKE
Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates underground. There are three types of waves produced by earthquakes: P-waves, which move through solid material; S-waves, which move perpendicular to the direction of the wave; and surface waves, which travel along the Earth's surface. Earthquakes are measured using seismographs, which record the direction and timing of the different waves, and scales like the Richter scale and Mercalli scale, which measure the intensity and effects of the earthquake. Major historical earthquakes include ones in Shansi, China in 1556 that killed 83,000 people and in Kolkata in 1737 that killed 300,000 people.
Natural hazards tsunami
Tsunamis are caused by displacement of the seafloor from earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, and other geological events. They travel very fast in deep ocean waters but slow down and grow in size as they reach shallow coastal waters. This can result in massive waves that cause extensive damage through hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, and shock impacts when they arrive at shore. Monitoring systems and mitigation measures like warning systems, sea walls, and evacuation planning can help reduce risks from tsunamis.
Earthquake
The document discusses earthquakes and seismic waves. It explains that the focus is the location inside the earth where an earthquake starts, while the epicenter is the point directly above the focus on the surface. The amount of damage depends on the depth of the focus - shallow foci cause more damage since the energy doesn't have to travel as far. There are three main types of seismic waves - P waves, S waves, and L waves. P waves arrive first, followed by S waves, and then L waves, which travel along the surface. Seismographs are used to record seismic waves and determine the magnitude, duration, and location of earthquakes.
Motion in the ocean
Waves are disturbances that move through or over the surface of a fluid, usually caused by winds, earthquakes, gravitational pull, or volcanoes. Waves are generated by a force and restored to their original level by a restoring force, such as surface tension or gravity. Individual water molecules move up and down in vertical orbits as a wave passes through without moving forward or backward. Wave characteristics include crest, trough, height, wavelength, period, frequency, and speed. Wave size depends on wind speed, duration, and fetch. Longer period waves travel faster than shorter waves.
Tsunami
Created by Sarah Eturma from University of Southeastern Philippines taking Bachelor of Science in Secondary Education Major in Biological Science.
Naturalists at Large: Marine waves tides
Ocean waves are caused by wind, earthquakes, and gravitational forces. A wave has a crest, trough, wavelength, and height. When wind blows over water, it creates friction that moves the water into waves. Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon, which creates giant waves that cause sea levels to rise and fall about every 12 hours. The tidal range is the difference between high and low tide levels. Spring tides occur when the sun and moon are aligned to produce higher high tides and lower low tides, while neap tides occur at right angles with smaller tidal ranges.
Ocean motion
1. Waves transfer energy through water in the ocean. Individual water particles move in circles as a wave passes by rather than moving forward with the wave.
2. Key characteristics of waves include the crest (highest point), trough (lowest point), wavelength (distance between crests), and wave height (distance between crest and trough). Wavelength determines wave speed and how deep the wave disturbs the water.
3. As waves approach shore they slow down and steepen, eventually collapsing in breakers where the crest curls over. Tides are caused by gravitational attraction of the Earth, Moon, and Sun, and vary in daily and monthly cycles.
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Tsunamis
Tsunamis are caused when a large section of the sea floor suddenly moves and displaces a massive amount of water, creating low amplitude long wavelength waves that gain destructive force as they reach shallow shorelines where the sea floor causes wavelengths to shorten and amplitudes to increase.
EARTHQUAKE
Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates underground. There are three types of waves produced by earthquakes: P-waves, which move through solid material; S-waves, which move perpendicular to the direction of the wave; and surface waves, which travel along the Earth's surface. Earthquakes are measured using seismographs, which record the direction and timing of the different waves, and scales like the Richter scale and Mercalli scale, which measure the intensity and effects of the earthquake. Major historical earthquakes include ones in Shansi, China in 1556 that killed 83,000 people and in Kolkata in 1737 that killed 300,000 people.
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Tsunamis are caused by displacement of the seafloor from earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, and other geological events. They travel very fast in deep ocean waters but slow down and grow in size as they reach shallow coastal waters. This can result in massive waves that cause extensive damage through hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, and shock impacts when they arrive at shore. Monitoring systems and mitigation measures like warning systems, sea walls, and evacuation planning can help reduce risks from tsunamis.
Earthquake
The document discusses earthquakes and seismic waves. It explains that the focus is the location inside the earth where an earthquake starts, while the epicenter is the point directly above the focus on the surface. The amount of damage depends on the depth of the focus - shallow foci cause more damage since the energy doesn't have to travel as far. There are three main types of seismic waves - P waves, S waves, and L waves. P waves arrive first, followed by S waves, and then L waves, which travel along the surface. Seismographs are used to record seismic waves and determine the magnitude, duration, and location of earthquakes.
Motion in the ocean
Waves are disturbances that move through or over the surface of a fluid, usually caused by winds, earthquakes, gravitational pull, or volcanoes. Waves are generated by a force and restored to their original level by a restoring force, such as surface tension or gravity. Individual water molecules move up and down in vertical orbits as a wave passes through without moving forward or backward. Wave characteristics include crest, trough, height, wavelength, period, frequency, and speed. Wave size depends on wind speed, duration, and fetch. Longer period waves travel faster than shorter waves.
Tsunami
Created by Sarah Eturma from University of Southeastern Philippines taking Bachelor of Science in Secondary Education Major in Biological Science.
Naturalists at Large: Marine waves tides
Ocean waves are caused by wind, earthquakes, and gravitational forces. A wave has a crest, trough, wavelength, and height. When wind blows over water, it creates friction that moves the water into waves. Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon, which creates giant waves that cause sea levels to rise and fall about every 12 hours. The tidal range is the difference between high and low tide levels. Spring tides occur when the sun and moon are aligned to produce higher high tides and lower low tides, while neap tides occur at right angles with smaller tidal ranges.
Ocean motion
1. Waves transfer energy through water in the ocean. Individual water particles move in circles as a wave passes by rather than moving forward with the wave.
2. Key characteristics of waves include the crest (highest point), trough (lowest point), wavelength (distance between crests), and wave height (distance between crest and trough). Wavelength determines wave speed and how deep the wave disturbs the water.
3. As waves approach shore they slow down and steepen, eventually collapsing in breakers where the crest curls over. Tides are caused by gravitational attraction of the Earth, Moon, and Sun, and vary in daily and monthly cycles.
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The document discusses different types of motion in the ocean including currents, waves, winds, and tides. It explains that ocean currents are driven by differences in water temperature and density, and move heat from the equator to poles. Winds generate waves and also drive surface ocean currents via the Coriolis effect, which causes deflections to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and left in the Southern Hemisphere. Tides are caused by the gravitational forces of the moon and sun combined with the motion of the Earth, producing regular changes in sea level.
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This document discusses various topics related to ocean waves and tides, including:
- Key terms used to describe waves like crest, trough, wavelength, etc.
- How waves propagate and their speed depends on factors like depth of water.
- Types of waves like deep water waves and shallow water waves.
- How waves interact through processes like interference and how wave height depends on wind speed, duration and fetch.
- Tides are caused mainly by the gravitational pull of the Moon, and spring and neap tides occur due to the relative positions of the Earth, Moon and Sun. Energy can potentially be harnessed from waves and tides by converting the kinetic energy of their motion.
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This document discusses different types of waves, including their causes, characteristics, and behaviors. It defines key wave terminology like crest, trough, wavelength, and period. Wave size is determined by wind strength, duration, and fetch. Deep water waves travel in orbits while shallow water waves feel the bottom and change shape as they reach shore. Breakers come in spilling, plunging, and surging types. Longshore currents move sand along beaches, while rip currents pull water back out to sea. Tsunamis and rogue waves present unique wave hazards.
Tsunami
1) Tsunamis are large, destructive waves caused by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides or other disturbances that displace large volumes of water.
2) While difficult to detect in deep ocean waters, tsunamis slow down and increase in height as they reach shallow coastal waters, where they can cause catastrophic damage by rapidly flooding low-lying areas.
3) International warning systems use seismic and ocean monitoring technologies to detect tsunamis and issue alerts, but coastal evacuations must be rapid as some tsunamis can reach shore in just minutes.
Earthquakes Notes
This document defines key terms related to earthquakes and seismic waves. It explains that earthquakes are caused by a sudden release of energy along fault lines in the earth. The focus is the location within the earth where the earthquake starts, while the epicenter is the point on the surface directly above the focus. There are three main types of seismic waves: P-waves which move in the direction of travel, S-waves which move sideways, and surface waves which cause the most damage. The timing and speed of P and S waves detected by seismic stations can be used to locate the epicenter of an earthquake.
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Tsunamis are caused when a large section of the sea floor suddenly moves and displaces a massive amount of water, resulting in waves that can cause devastating damage when they reach land.
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The document summarizes key concepts about motion in the ocean including waves, tides, and currents. It describes how waves are caused by wind and other disturbances, and the characteristics of different types of waves like chop, swell, and tsunamis. It explains how tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the sun and moon, and details the differences between spring, neap, perigeal, and apogee tides. It also discusses the causes and effects of various surface and deep ocean currents like the Gulf Stream and how the Coriolis effect influences their direction of flow.
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Waves are rhythmic motions that transfer energy through matter or space. While water molecules stay in the same place as a wave passes, wave energy causes the rise and fall of tides in the ocean. Tides are giant waves thousands of kilometers long caused by the combined gravitational pulls of the moon and sun, with the moon having the strongest effect due to its proximity. This results in two high tides and two low tides every 24 hours and 50 minutes as the moon orbits the Earth. The sun can strengthen or weaken the moon's influence, causing spring tides during alignment and neap tides when at a right angle.
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The document summarizes information about tides and currents in New York Harbor. It explains that tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun, and that they cause water levels to rise and fall approximately every 12 hours. It also discusses how tidal changes cause tidal currents to flow in and out with the rising and falling tides. Maps and diagrams show the typical tidal currents in New York Harbor on both high and low tides.
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Seismic waves
Seismic waves are energy propagated through the earth by earthquakes or artificial sources. There are two types of body waves (P and S waves) that travel through the earth and surface waves (Rayleigh and Love waves) that travel along the earth's surface. Seismic wave velocities depend on the elastic properties and density of the earth materials and are used to determine subsurface layering and structures. Analysis of travel times and slopes of seismic wave arrivals on record sections allows calculation of subsurface velocities and reflection/refraction of waves at interfaces between subsurface layers.
Ocean waves and tides
Ocean waves are disturbances created when energy moves through water. They have distinct parts including crests, troughs, wavelength, period, and frequency. The breaking of waves on the shore is called surf and occurs in the surf zone. There are also internal waves, seiches, and tsunamis which are large waves caused by underwater earthquakes or landslides.
Physics of tsunami
The document discusses the physics behind tsunamis, beginning with the causes of earthquakes. It describes plate tectonics and how the movement of tectonic plates can cause earthquakes. It then explains how earthquakes at sea can generate tsunamis by rapidly displacing large amounts of water. The document outlines how tsunami waves travel long distances at high speeds with little loss of energy. Finally, it discusses the impacts of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, including physical changes to coastlines and islands as well as human impacts.
The Ocean Waves
Waves are never ending dynamic surfaces created by the action of wind on ocean surfaces. Waves are undulations of the surface layers of bodies of sea waters. Large bodies of water are almost constantly in motion. Ocean surface are never calm and smooth.They are uneven, irregular, rough and restless. Sea waves are defined as undulations of seawater characterized by unique features. Waves are moving energy patterns. They travel along the interface between ocean and the atmosphere.
Waves
The document discusses different types of waves, including water waves generated by wind. It explains how wind blows over water and generates ripples and waves, which can grow large during storms when the wind blows consistently in one direction. The document also describes how waves behave in different environments, including entering shallow water where they slow down and break on shorelines.
Seismic waves
Deep underground, rocks are under constant pressure until the strain becomes too great and the rocks suddenly break, releasing seismic waves. These waves travel outward from the hypocenter in three types - P waves which push and pull, S waves which move sides to side, and L waves which cause surfaces to bob up and down. When recorded by a seismograph, the first indication of an earthquake is typically the P waves, followed by larger S waves, with surface L waves arriving last.
Waves and Water Dynamics
Waves are moving energy caused by various forces. There are different types of waves including transverse waves which move side-to-side and longitudinal waves which involve push-pull motions. Key wave characteristics include the crest, trough, wavelength, height, period, and steepness. Wave behavior changes based on water depth, resulting in deep-water, shallow-water, and transitional waves. Ocean waves are influenced by processes such as shoaling, refraction, diffraction, interference, and breaking on shorelines. Tsunamis are extremely long seismic sea waves that can cause catastrophic damage when making landfall.
Seismic waves.
This document discusses seismic waves and different types of seismic waves:
- Seismic waves are vibrations that travel through the Earth carrying energy from earthquakes. There are two main types - body waves and surface waves.
- Body waves include P-waves and S-waves. P-waves are fastest and cause a push/pull motion. S-waves are slower and cause side-to-side motion. They travel through the Earth's interior.
- Surface waves include Rayleigh and Love waves. Rayleigh waves cause up/down and side-to-side motions along the surface. Love waves cause only horizontal motions. They are constrained to the Earth's surface.
- Surface waves are responsible
Seismic Waves
Seismic waves are waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the Earth or explosions. There are two main types of seismic waves: body waves and surface waves. Body waves include P waves and S waves, which travel through the Earth's interior. Surface waves such as Love waves and Rayleigh waves travel along the Earth's surface and cause the most shaking during an earthquake. Seismic waves are recorded by seismographs and can provide information about the Earth's interior structure.
Seismic waves assignment
Seismic waves are energy waves that travel through the Earth, such as from earthquakes or explosions. There are two main types of seismic waves: body waves, which travel through the Earth's interior, and surface waves, which travel along the Earth's surface. Body waves include P-waves and S-waves, while surface waves include Rayleigh waves and Love waves. P-waves are compressional waves that can travel through solids, liquids, and gases, while S-waves are shear waves that can only travel through solids.
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Gregor Mendel conducted experiments breeding pea plants to study inheritance of traits. He bred purebred pea plants (P generation) that differed in one trait, such as plant height. Their offspring (F1 generation) all exhibited the dominant trait. When the F1 offspring were bred with each other, their offspring (F2 generation) exhibited both traits, with the dominant trait appearing more often. Mendel's experiments demonstrated that traits are passed from parents to offspring via discrete units (now known as genes and alleles) and that dominant alleles always appear in the offspring if one parent transmits it.
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The document discusses different types of motion in the ocean including currents, waves, winds, and tides. It explains that ocean currents are driven by differences in water temperature and density, and move heat from the equator to poles. Winds generate waves and also drive surface ocean currents via the Coriolis effect, which causes deflections to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and left in the Southern Hemisphere. Tides are caused by the gravitational forces of the moon and sun combined with the motion of the Earth, producing regular changes in sea level.
Wave slideshow
This document discusses various topics related to ocean waves and tides, including:
- Key terms used to describe waves like crest, trough, wavelength, etc.
- How waves propagate and their speed depends on factors like depth of water.
- Types of waves like deep water waves and shallow water waves.
- How waves interact through processes like interference and how wave height depends on wind speed, duration and fetch.
- Tides are caused mainly by the gravitational pull of the Moon, and spring and neap tides occur due to the relative positions of the Earth, Moon and Sun. Energy can potentially be harnessed from waves and tides by converting the kinetic energy of their motion.
Waves notes
This document discusses different types of waves, including their causes, characteristics, and behaviors. It defines key wave terminology like crest, trough, wavelength, and period. Wave size is determined by wind strength, duration, and fetch. Deep water waves travel in orbits while shallow water waves feel the bottom and change shape as they reach shore. Breakers come in spilling, plunging, and surging types. Longshore currents move sand along beaches, while rip currents pull water back out to sea. Tsunamis and rogue waves present unique wave hazards.
Tsunami
1) Tsunamis are large, destructive waves caused by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides or other disturbances that displace large volumes of water.
2) While difficult to detect in deep ocean waters, tsunamis slow down and increase in height as they reach shallow coastal waters, where they can cause catastrophic damage by rapidly flooding low-lying areas.
3) International warning systems use seismic and ocean monitoring technologies to detect tsunamis and issue alerts, but coastal evacuations must be rapid as some tsunamis can reach shore in just minutes.
Earthquakes Notes
This document defines key terms related to earthquakes and seismic waves. It explains that earthquakes are caused by a sudden release of energy along fault lines in the earth. The focus is the location within the earth where the earthquake starts, while the epicenter is the point on the surface directly above the focus. There are three main types of seismic waves: P-waves which move in the direction of travel, S-waves which move sideways, and surface waves which cause the most damage. The timing and speed of P and S waves detected by seismic stations can be used to locate the epicenter of an earthquake.
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Tsunamis are caused when a large section of the sea floor suddenly moves and displaces a massive amount of water, resulting in waves that can cause devastating damage when they reach land.
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The document summarizes key concepts about motion in the ocean including waves, tides, and currents. It describes how waves are caused by wind and other disturbances, and the characteristics of different types of waves like chop, swell, and tsunamis. It explains how tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the sun and moon, and details the differences between spring, neap, perigeal, and apogee tides. It also discusses the causes and effects of various surface and deep ocean currents like the Gulf Stream and how the Coriolis effect influences their direction of flow.
17.3 ocean waves and tides
Waves are rhythmic motions that transfer energy through matter or space. While water molecules stay in the same place as a wave passes, wave energy causes the rise and fall of tides in the ocean. Tides are giant waves thousands of kilometers long caused by the combined gravitational pulls of the moon and sun, with the moon having the strongest effect due to its proximity. This results in two high tides and two low tides every 24 hours and 50 minutes as the moon orbits the Earth. The sun can strengthen or weaken the moon's influence, causing spring tides during alignment and neap tides when at a right angle.
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The document summarizes information about tides and currents in New York Harbor. It explains that tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun, and that they cause water levels to rise and fall approximately every 12 hours. It also discusses how tidal changes cause tidal currents to flow in and out with the rising and falling tides. Maps and diagrams show the typical tidal currents in New York Harbor on both high and low tides.
Earthquakes
An earthquake is caused by the sudden movement of parts of the Earth's crust and results in shaking and trembling of the ground. There are over one million earthquakes each year, with around twenty having the potential to cause severe damage. Earthquakes are caused by faults in the Earth's crust, such as the San Andreas Fault in California where the land west of the fault moves north and the land east moves south. Underwater earthquakes can generate destructive tsunamis. The focus is the depth below the surface where the earthquake occurs, and the epicenter is directly above on the surface. Seismographs detect seismic waves that travel out from the epicenter, including fast P waves and slower S waves.
Seismic waves
Seismic waves are energy propagated through the earth by earthquakes or artificial sources. There are two types of body waves (P and S waves) that travel through the earth and surface waves (Rayleigh and Love waves) that travel along the earth's surface. Seismic wave velocities depend on the elastic properties and density of the earth materials and are used to determine subsurface layering and structures. Analysis of travel times and slopes of seismic wave arrivals on record sections allows calculation of subsurface velocities and reflection/refraction of waves at interfaces between subsurface layers.
Ocean waves and tides
Ocean waves are disturbances created when energy moves through water. They have distinct parts including crests, troughs, wavelength, period, and frequency. The breaking of waves on the shore is called surf and occurs in the surf zone. There are also internal waves, seiches, and tsunamis which are large waves caused by underwater earthquakes or landslides.
Physics of tsunami
The document discusses the physics behind tsunamis, beginning with the causes of earthquakes. It describes plate tectonics and how the movement of tectonic plates can cause earthquakes. It then explains how earthquakes at sea can generate tsunamis by rapidly displacing large amounts of water. The document outlines how tsunami waves travel long distances at high speeds with little loss of energy. Finally, it discusses the impacts of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, including physical changes to coastlines and islands as well as human impacts.
The Ocean Waves
Waves are never ending dynamic surfaces created by the action of wind on ocean surfaces. Waves are undulations of the surface layers of bodies of sea waters. Large bodies of water are almost constantly in motion. Ocean surface are never calm and smooth.They are uneven, irregular, rough and restless. Sea waves are defined as undulations of seawater characterized by unique features. Waves are moving energy patterns. They travel along the interface between ocean and the atmosphere.
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The document discusses different types of waves, including water waves generated by wind. It explains how wind blows over water and generates ripples and waves, which can grow large during storms when the wind blows consistently in one direction. The document also describes how waves behave in different environments, including entering shallow water where they slow down and break on shorelines.
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Deep underground, rocks are under constant pressure until the strain becomes too great and the rocks suddenly break, releasing seismic waves. These waves travel outward from the hypocenter in three types - P waves which push and pull, S waves which move sides to side, and L waves which cause surfaces to bob up and down. When recorded by a seismograph, the first indication of an earthquake is typically the P waves, followed by larger S waves, with surface L waves arriving last.
Waves and Water Dynamics
Waves are moving energy caused by various forces. There are different types of waves including transverse waves which move side-to-side and longitudinal waves which involve push-pull motions. Key wave characteristics include the crest, trough, wavelength, height, period, and steepness. Wave behavior changes based on water depth, resulting in deep-water, shallow-water, and transitional waves. Ocean waves are influenced by processes such as shoaling, refraction, diffraction, interference, and breaking on shorelines. Tsunamis are extremely long seismic sea waves that can cause catastrophic damage when making landfall.
Seismic waves.
This document discusses seismic waves and different types of seismic waves:
- Seismic waves are vibrations that travel through the Earth carrying energy from earthquakes. There are two main types - body waves and surface waves.
- Body waves include P-waves and S-waves. P-waves are fastest and cause a push/pull motion. S-waves are slower and cause side-to-side motion. They travel through the Earth's interior.
- Surface waves include Rayleigh and Love waves. Rayleigh waves cause up/down and side-to-side motions along the surface. Love waves cause only horizontal motions. They are constrained to the Earth's surface.
- Surface waves are responsible
Seismic Waves
Seismic waves are waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the Earth or explosions. There are two main types of seismic waves: body waves and surface waves. Body waves include P waves and S waves, which travel through the Earth's interior. Surface waves such as Love waves and Rayleigh waves travel along the Earth's surface and cause the most shaking during an earthquake. Seismic waves are recorded by seismographs and can provide information about the Earth's interior structure.
Seismic waves assignment
Seismic waves are energy waves that travel through the Earth, such as from earthquakes or explosions. There are two main types of seismic waves: body waves, which travel through the Earth's interior, and surface waves, which travel along the Earth's surface. Body waves include P-waves and S-waves, while surface waves include Rayleigh waves and Love waves. P-waves are compressional waves that can travel through solids, liquids, and gases, while S-waves are shear waves that can only travel through solids.
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Allergies occur when the immune system reacts to harmless substances by producing antibodies. The first exposure causes the body to produce IgE antibodies that stick to basophil cells, and the second exposure triggers those cells to release histamine, causing allergy symptoms. Common types of allergies include allergic rhinitis (sneezing and stuffy nose), asthma (restricted airways), atopic dermatitis (skin irritation), and food allergies which are treated by eliminating the offending foods like milk, eggs, chicken, and peanuts from the diet.
Aids2
Immunology discusses HIV/AIDS, including that HIV is the virus that causes AIDS when it destroys T cells in the immune system. The document outlines how HIV enters cells through macrophages, integrates into the cell's nucleus, and hijacks the cell to produce more viruses. It notes that AIDS is diagnosed when the T cell count drops below 200 and that there were over 33 million people infected with HIV globally in 2009, with around 3 million new infections and 2 million AIDS-related deaths that year, making it one of the top causes of mortality.
Blood diseases2
The document summarizes three blood diseases: Leukemia causes a massive increase in white blood cells due to radiation, carcinogens, or viruses, with symptoms of chills, fever, and pain, and is treated by replacing bone marrow; Agranulocytosis causes low neutrophil cells due to drug use, with symptoms of fever and mouth issues, treated with antibiotics; Mononucleosis causes abnormal lymphocytes from the Epstein-Barr virus, with symptoms of fever, tiredness and enlarged spleen, treated with a month of rest.
Blood cells2
The document discusses the different types of white blood cells, including lymphocytes (T cells and B cells), monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils. It provides the percentage of each type of white blood cell in blood and their relative sizes. Each white blood cell type has a different role, such as lymphocytes forming immunity, monocytes becoming macrophages, eosinophils responding to parasites and allergies, and neutrophils being the first to infection sites.
Immune response2
The document discusses the immune response process. During a primary response to an antigen, there is a latent period followed by an exponential increase in IgM antibodies and then a declining phase with IgG antibodies produced. Some B cells become memory cells. Upon a secondary exposure, the immune response is faster, stronger, and involves memory cells, resulting in less severe symptoms or no symptoms from the real disease. Vaccines cause a primary response to mimic a secondary response from the real disease.
Complement cellularimmunity2
Complement is a group of proteins that can punch holes in cells and attract white blood cells. It functions through opsonization, chemotaxis, and cell lysis. The complement system has an alternative pathway that does not require antibodies. Cellular immunity involves macrophages engulfing antigens through endocytosis, preparing antigen pieces, displaying them on the surface, and showing them to T helper cells to signal T killer cells to swarm the site.
Antibodies2
This document discusses the main types of antibodies (immunoglobulins) in the human body: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE. IgG is the most common antibody type found in blood and tissues. IgM is the first antibody produced during an initial immune response. IgA functions in external secretions, while IgD plays a role in immune system development. IgE helps fight parasites but can also trigger allergic reactions when overactive.
Organs2
The body has innate and acquired immunity. Innate immunity is protection present at birth and includes physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, cells like macrophages, and chemicals like enzymes. Acquired immunity develops after birth and involves cells like T and B lymphocytes that kill specific germs or produce antibodies, as well as organs like the bone marrow and thymus that help mature immune cells.
Introduction2
The immune system protects the body from infection and disease. It consists of organs like the spleen and thymus, as well as white blood cells. The spleen destroys old red blood cells while the thymus develops cells that attack viruses.
Heat transfer2
Molecules are always in motion. The energy level and speed of molecular motion determines the state of matter and temperature. Heat transfer occurs as warmer objects transfer
Energy2
Energy is the ability to do work or cause change and exists in two main forms: potential energy which is stored energy and kinetic energy which is energy in motion. The document outlines the main types of energy including mechanical, thermal, chemical, nuclear, electrical, and electromagnetic energy. Mechanical energy involves the motion of objects, thermal energy is heat, chemical energy involves atomic bonds, nuclear energy is within atoms, electrical energy is the movement of electrons, and electromagnetic energy is light.
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
ここ3000字までしか入らないけどタイトルの方がたくさん文字入ると思います。
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Seismic Waves
- 1. Seismic Waves Page 26
- 4. Types of Waves P waves – Primary Waves Longitudinal Compression/Rarefaction Speed: Faster 27
- 5. Types of Waves S waves – Shear Waves Transverse Crest/trough Can not pass through liquid 27
- 6. Types of Waves Surface waves – combination of P and S Speed: Slow moving 28
- 7. Types of Waves Ocean waves – Tsunami Size: Above normal by 2 cm to 30 meters 28
- 8. Tsunami Variables Distance in two hours? Distance in four hours? 3. Easter Island is 3,700 miles away, time? 28
- 9. Seismograph Records ground movements Measure S and P waves sense they arrive at different times Need three points to determine the location Can be used to locate underground resources 29
- 10. Richter vs. Mercalli Scales