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Seismic retrofit methods
- 1. Seismic Retrofit: Criteria, Weakness& Methods by Paul W. McMullin, SE, PhD CRSA Green Brains Seminar June 26, 2008
- 2. Outline Performance Weaknesses Options SDEDC (1994) Seismic Retrofit
- 3. Life Safety Throughthe Eyes of an SE GET PEOPLE OUT THE DOOR ALIVE Seismic Retrofit
- 4. Life Safety Throughthe Eyes of an SE The purpose of this code is to establish the minimum requirements to safeguard the public health, safety and general welfare… (IBC 2006, 101.3) Seismic Retrofit
- 5. Life Safety Throughthe Eyes of an SE Structural Code generally does not consider: Building economics Business interruption losses Sustainability Seismic Retrofit
- 6. Building State Aftera Major Earthquake Northridge Earthquake Magnitude 6.7 Estimated Economic Loss $49.3 billion PEER (2000) Seismic Retrofit
- 7. Building State Aftera Major Earthquake: Northridge SDEDC (1994) Seismic Retrofit
- 8. Building State Aftera Major Earthquake: Northridge FEMA (2000) Seismic Retrofit
- 9. Performance Based SeismicDesign: Basics Next generation seismic design methodology Originally developed by FEMA for existing buildings Applicable for new design Considers each element’s energy dissipation capacity Seismic Retrofit
- 10. Performance Based SeismicDesign: Pairing Target Building Performance Levels Operational Performance Performance Level (1-B) Performance Level (5-E) Life Safety Performance Immediate Occupancy Collapse Prevention Level (3-C) Level (1-A) Once every 100 years a b c d Once every 250 years e f g h Hazard Level Earthquake Once every 500 years i j k l Once every 2500 years m n o p Seismic Retrofit
- 11. Performance Based SeismicDesign: Levels & Acceleration Performance levels Acceleration Options Operational Typical Immediate Occupancy 50%/50 (1/100 year) Life Safety (IBC) 20%/50 (1/250 year) Collapse Prevention 10%/50 (1/500 year) 2/3 of 2%/50 (IBC) 2%/50 (1/2500 year) Any probability between those listed above Seismic Retrofit
- 12. Common Damage Seismic Retrofit
- 13. Common Damage Seismic Retrofit
- 14. Common Weaknesses: Masonry UnreinforcedMasonry: Everything Reinforced Masonry: (generally perform well) Under-reinforced Ungrouted cells Connections Seismic Retrofit
- 15. Common Weaknesses: Concrete Ductilityis big issue: Continuous beam reinforcing Hoop spacing Lap splices Under-reinforced (primary) Seismic Retrofit
- 16. Common Weaknesses: Concrete EQE(1999 Taiwan) Seismic Retrofit
- 17. Common Weaknesses: Timber DETAILING Cross grain bending Continuity Shear transfer Undersized Elements Nail pattern too far apart Seismic Retrofit
- 18. Common Weaknesses: Steel Constraint Full penetration welds Redundancy Material Over strength FEMA (2000) Seismic Retrofit
- 19. Common Weaknesses: Steel Constraint Full penetration welds Redundancy Material Over strength FEMA (2000) Seismic Retrofit
- 20. Retrofit Options: Masonry UnreinforcedMasonry Post Tensioning Adding Perforations Vertical Wall Coring Slotting Shotcrete Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP) Reinforced Masonry Shotcrete FRP Seismic Retrofit
- 21. Retrofit Options: Masonry Seismic Retrofit
- 22. Retrofit Options: Masonry Seismic Retrofit
- 23. Retrofit Options: Concrete ShearWalls Grade Beams Steel or FRP Wrap of columns/ beams Application to flat surface Concrete jacketing (steel fiber reinforced) Seismic Retrofit
- 24. Retrofit Options: Timber StructuralPanel overlay Increased nailing Sheet metal blocking Steel Connectors (Simpson is our friend) Seismic Retrofit
- 25. Retrofit Options: Timber Seismic Retrofit
- 26. Retrofit Options: Steel CoverPlates Shear Walls (steel or concrete) Braced Frames out of Moment Frames Seismic Retrofit
- 27. Preguntas? Questions? Seismic Retrofit