In this paper, the results of a centrifuge experiment modeling of a layered soil profile, including a liquefiable layer of Ottawa sand, are used to evaluate the predictive capabilities of two state ofthe-art constitutive models.
The CarboZALF-D manipulation experiment – experimental design and SOC patternsAgriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The CarboZALF-D manipulation experiment – experimental design and SOC patterns
Soil erosion by water or tillage is an essential landscape-shaping factor with feedbacks to the carbon cycle. To study C dynamics and C balances as a function of soil erosion we set up a manipulation experiment at field scale, called “CarboZALF-D”. A defined amount of topsoil material was removed from an eroded Luvisol towards a Colluvic Regosol and reactive, clay-enriched subsoil material was blended into the topsoil of the eroded Luvisol. By doing so we induced transient states for C cycling, net fluxes of CO2 and the C balance. The overall aim of our experiment is to get reliable findings to answer the question: Does soil erosion causes a CO2 source or sink in arable landscapes? In this paper the concept, implementation, and preliminary results of the manipulation experiment are described.
The CarboZALF-D manipulation experiment – experimental design and SOC patternsAgriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The CarboZALF-D manipulation experiment – experimental design and SOC patterns
Soil erosion by water or tillage is an essential landscape-shaping factor with feedbacks to the carbon cycle. To study C dynamics and C balances as a function of soil erosion we set up a manipulation experiment at field scale, called “CarboZALF-D”. A defined amount of topsoil material was removed from an eroded Luvisol towards a Colluvic Regosol and reactive, clay-enriched subsoil material was blended into the topsoil of the eroded Luvisol. By doing so we induced transient states for C cycling, net fluxes of CO2 and the C balance. The overall aim of our experiment is to get reliable findings to answer the question: Does soil erosion causes a CO2 source or sink in arable landscapes? In this paper the concept, implementation, and preliminary results of the manipulation experiment are described.
FIELD AND THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF ACCELERATED CONSOLIDATION USING VERTICAL DR...P singh
Mumbai is the region consisting of soft compressible marine clay deposits. There are several construction problems on such soils and thus ground improvement is need to be carried out. Vertical drains is generally preferred technique as accelerated settlement is achieved during the construction phase itself if planned accordingly. The concept of vertical drains is based on the theory of three dimensional consolidation as described by Terzaghi (1943). Based on this concept, a consolidation programme is developed and an attempt is made to determine the field to laboratory coefficient of vertical consolidation ratio by Taylor’s Square Root of Time Method and Casagrande’s Logarithm of Time Fitting Method for this region by considering the case study of Bhandup Lagoon Works Embankment. Based on this ratio, the rate of consolidation and time required for consolidation in the field can be determined knowing the consolidation parameters. Equations are developed by using output of the programme and it is explained.
The Experimental Failure behaviour of a Prestressed Concrete Electricity Tran...Samirsinh Parmar
Pre-stressed Concrete poles, Full-scale field test, Design wind load, Soil–structure-interaction, foundation soil analysis, Mono-pole Behavior with respect to lateral load, effect of foundation soil
ABAQUS simulation for consolidation of saturated soft soil in two-dimensional...IJRES Journal
For consolidation problem of saturated soft soil in two-dimensional finite region, choosing three different kind of boundary conditions, using finite element software ABAQUS simulated and searched the characteristics and laws of soil settlement under the shear or normal load on the surface. The results show that: both shear load or normal load that the final settlement has no connection with the boundary permeability, but with the load and the soil nature itself. Different boundary conditions that corresponding to the process of settlement are variable. Compared with the shear load, the normal load effect on the vertical displacement is larger and they have orders of magnitude difference. Same for horizontal displacement, the shear load effect on the horizontal displacement is larger and they have orders of magnitude difference.
SPT, SCPT, and DCPT Correlation for SC, CL, and SM-SC Soils: A Case Study of ...Samirsinh Parmar
SPT, SCPT, and DCPT Correlation for SC, CL, and SM-SC Soils: A Case Study of Nadiad Soil,Standard Penetration Test, Dynamic Cone Penetration Test, Static Cone Penetration Test, Sand, Silt, Correlation
Evaluating 2D numerical simulations of granular columns in level and gently s...Mahir Badanagki, Ph.D.
The response of a layered liquefiable soil profile, with granular columns as a mitigation strategy, was evaluated via numerical and centrifuge modeling. Comparisons were made for a level site containing a single granular column and for a pair of gentle slopes, one of which was mitigated with a network of dense granular columns. The results reveal the abilities and limitations of two state-of-the-art soil constitutive models. All simulations were performed in 2-dimensions using: 1) the pressure-dependent, multi-yield-surface, plasticity-based soil constitutive model (PDMY02); and 2) the bounding surface, plasticity-based, Manzari-Dafalias (M-D) soil constitutive model, both implemented in OpenSees. Numerical model parameters were previously calibrated via element testing. Both constitutive models under-predicted PGA near the surface at different distances from the granular column, but they better predicted spectral accelerations at periods exceeding 0.5 s (particularly M-D). The M-D model generally predicted seismic settlements well, while PDMY02 notably underestimated soil's volumetric compressibility and strains. Both models accurately predicted the peak value and generation of excess pore pressures during shaking for the unmitigated slope, leading to a successful prediction of lateral deformations. However, lateral movement of the treated slope was poorly predicted by both models due to inaccuracies in predicting the dissipation rate in the presence of drains. Both models came close to predicting the performance of gently sloping, liquefiable sites when untreated. But further advances are required to better predict the rate of excess pore pressure dissipation and seismic performance when the slope is treated with granular columns.
10 simple mathematical approach for granular fill Ahmed Ebid
improving soil parameters using dynamic
compaction of was intensively studied by many researchers since
1980’s. Earlier researchers depended on statistical analysis of
many case studies and soil dynamic principals to develop
empirical formula used in designing dynamic compaction
procedure. Recent researchers used different finite element
models to describe the behavior of soil under dynamic
compaction; those models varied between 1-D simple model and
up to 3-D sophisticated ones. The aim of this research is to
introduce a simple mathematical approach to simulate ground
deformations and soil parameters improvement due to dynamic
compaction. The proposed approach consists of two equations, the
1st one used to calculate the ground settlement due to one temper
drop, the 2nd one used to calculate the updated soil parameters
due to the ground settlement from the previous drop. By applying
the two equations successively, both ground settlement and soil
parameters improvement could be calculated after each tamper
drop. The proposed approach was applied on four case studies and
its results were so close to measured ones. The proposed approach
could be used in designing or testing the dynamic compaction
procedures and also in monitoring the quality of execution by
comparing the measured settlement after each drop with
calculated one.
"A full experimental and numerical modelling of the practicability of thin fo...Mehran Naghizadeh
Paper entitled "A full experimental and numerical modelling of the practicability of thin foam barrier as vibration reduction measure" published by Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (2020).
Optimum replacement depth to control heave of swelling claysAhmed Ebid
The behavior of unsaturated swelling soils under changing of moisture content was intensively studied by many researchers since the 1950’s. Many proposed formulas and techniques were used to classify, describe and predict the swelling behavior and parameters of such type of soil. On the other hand, many techniques are used to allow structures to be founded on swelling soils without suffering any damages due to the soil heave. Replacing the swelling soil with granular mixture is one of the most famous and cheapest techniques especially in case of light structures on shallow layer of swelling soil. The aim of this research is to develop a simplified formula to estimate the heave of swelling soil considering the effect of replaced layer. The developed formula is used to estimate the required replacement depth to avoid damage due to excessive heave.
Fixity depth of offshore piles in elastoplastic soft clay under dynamic loadeSAT Journals
Abstract
This work represents study of dynamic behavior of offshore piles embedded in elastoplastic soft clay, and estimating the fixity depth of pile. ABAQUS finite element program which used to simulate the problem. The soil was modeled in two case elastic state model and elastoplastic state model represented by cam-clay model, three dimension element used to represent the interaction between pile and soil, and laboratory tests used to getting the real properties of clayey soil and to descried interface. The results obtained developed two empirical equations used to calculate depth of pile fixity for pile embedded in elastic and elastoplastic soil respectively. Also, show the depth of pile fixity is increase about (40 %) due to change soil model from elastic to plastic, when pile embedded in elastoplastic soil its dependent on soil strength, interface properties and pile rigidity. The pile head displacement is increase about 90 % while the bending moment is decease 10 % at pile head.
The use of Cellular Automata is extended in various disciplines for the modeling of complex system procedures. Their inherent simplicity and their natural parallelism make them a very efficient tool for the simulation of large scale physical phenomena. We explore the framework of Cellular Automata to develop a physically based model for the spatial and temporal prediction of shallow landslides. Particular weight is given to the modeling of hydrological processes in order to investigate the hydrological triggering mechanisms and the importance of continuous modeling of water balance to detect timing and location of soil slips occurrences. Specifically, the 3D flow of water and the resulting water balance in the unsaturated and saturated zone is modeled taking into account important phenomena such as hydraulic hysteresis and evapotranspiration. In this poster the hydrological component of the model will be presented and tested against well established benchmark experiments [Vauclin et al, 1975; Vauclin et al, 1979]. Furthermore, we investigate the applicability of incorporating it in a hydrological catchment model for the prediction (temporal and spatial) of rainfall-triggered shallow landslides.
FIELD AND THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF ACCELERATED CONSOLIDATION USING VERTICAL DR...P singh
Mumbai is the region consisting of soft compressible marine clay deposits. There are several construction problems on such soils and thus ground improvement is need to be carried out. Vertical drains is generally preferred technique as accelerated settlement is achieved during the construction phase itself if planned accordingly. The concept of vertical drains is based on the theory of three dimensional consolidation as described by Terzaghi (1943). Based on this concept, a consolidation programme is developed and an attempt is made to determine the field to laboratory coefficient of vertical consolidation ratio by Taylor’s Square Root of Time Method and Casagrande’s Logarithm of Time Fitting Method for this region by considering the case study of Bhandup Lagoon Works Embankment. Based on this ratio, the rate of consolidation and time required for consolidation in the field can be determined knowing the consolidation parameters. Equations are developed by using output of the programme and it is explained.
The Experimental Failure behaviour of a Prestressed Concrete Electricity Tran...Samirsinh Parmar
Pre-stressed Concrete poles, Full-scale field test, Design wind load, Soil–structure-interaction, foundation soil analysis, Mono-pole Behavior with respect to lateral load, effect of foundation soil
ABAQUS simulation for consolidation of saturated soft soil in two-dimensional...IJRES Journal
For consolidation problem of saturated soft soil in two-dimensional finite region, choosing three different kind of boundary conditions, using finite element software ABAQUS simulated and searched the characteristics and laws of soil settlement under the shear or normal load on the surface. The results show that: both shear load or normal load that the final settlement has no connection with the boundary permeability, but with the load and the soil nature itself. Different boundary conditions that corresponding to the process of settlement are variable. Compared with the shear load, the normal load effect on the vertical displacement is larger and they have orders of magnitude difference. Same for horizontal displacement, the shear load effect on the horizontal displacement is larger and they have orders of magnitude difference.
SPT, SCPT, and DCPT Correlation for SC, CL, and SM-SC Soils: A Case Study of ...Samirsinh Parmar
SPT, SCPT, and DCPT Correlation for SC, CL, and SM-SC Soils: A Case Study of Nadiad Soil,Standard Penetration Test, Dynamic Cone Penetration Test, Static Cone Penetration Test, Sand, Silt, Correlation
Evaluating 2D numerical simulations of granular columns in level and gently s...Mahir Badanagki, Ph.D.
The response of a layered liquefiable soil profile, with granular columns as a mitigation strategy, was evaluated via numerical and centrifuge modeling. Comparisons were made for a level site containing a single granular column and for a pair of gentle slopes, one of which was mitigated with a network of dense granular columns. The results reveal the abilities and limitations of two state-of-the-art soil constitutive models. All simulations were performed in 2-dimensions using: 1) the pressure-dependent, multi-yield-surface, plasticity-based soil constitutive model (PDMY02); and 2) the bounding surface, plasticity-based, Manzari-Dafalias (M-D) soil constitutive model, both implemented in OpenSees. Numerical model parameters were previously calibrated via element testing. Both constitutive models under-predicted PGA near the surface at different distances from the granular column, but they better predicted spectral accelerations at periods exceeding 0.5 s (particularly M-D). The M-D model generally predicted seismic settlements well, while PDMY02 notably underestimated soil's volumetric compressibility and strains. Both models accurately predicted the peak value and generation of excess pore pressures during shaking for the unmitigated slope, leading to a successful prediction of lateral deformations. However, lateral movement of the treated slope was poorly predicted by both models due to inaccuracies in predicting the dissipation rate in the presence of drains. Both models came close to predicting the performance of gently sloping, liquefiable sites when untreated. But further advances are required to better predict the rate of excess pore pressure dissipation and seismic performance when the slope is treated with granular columns.
10 simple mathematical approach for granular fill Ahmed Ebid
improving soil parameters using dynamic
compaction of was intensively studied by many researchers since
1980’s. Earlier researchers depended on statistical analysis of
many case studies and soil dynamic principals to develop
empirical formula used in designing dynamic compaction
procedure. Recent researchers used different finite element
models to describe the behavior of soil under dynamic
compaction; those models varied between 1-D simple model and
up to 3-D sophisticated ones. The aim of this research is to
introduce a simple mathematical approach to simulate ground
deformations and soil parameters improvement due to dynamic
compaction. The proposed approach consists of two equations, the
1st one used to calculate the ground settlement due to one temper
drop, the 2nd one used to calculate the updated soil parameters
due to the ground settlement from the previous drop. By applying
the two equations successively, both ground settlement and soil
parameters improvement could be calculated after each tamper
drop. The proposed approach was applied on four case studies and
its results were so close to measured ones. The proposed approach
could be used in designing or testing the dynamic compaction
procedures and also in monitoring the quality of execution by
comparing the measured settlement after each drop with
calculated one.
"A full experimental and numerical modelling of the practicability of thin fo...Mehran Naghizadeh
Paper entitled "A full experimental and numerical modelling of the practicability of thin foam barrier as vibration reduction measure" published by Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (2020).
Optimum replacement depth to control heave of swelling claysAhmed Ebid
The behavior of unsaturated swelling soils under changing of moisture content was intensively studied by many researchers since the 1950’s. Many proposed formulas and techniques were used to classify, describe and predict the swelling behavior and parameters of such type of soil. On the other hand, many techniques are used to allow structures to be founded on swelling soils without suffering any damages due to the soil heave. Replacing the swelling soil with granular mixture is one of the most famous and cheapest techniques especially in case of light structures on shallow layer of swelling soil. The aim of this research is to develop a simplified formula to estimate the heave of swelling soil considering the effect of replaced layer. The developed formula is used to estimate the required replacement depth to avoid damage due to excessive heave.
Fixity depth of offshore piles in elastoplastic soft clay under dynamic loadeSAT Journals
Abstract
This work represents study of dynamic behavior of offshore piles embedded in elastoplastic soft clay, and estimating the fixity depth of pile. ABAQUS finite element program which used to simulate the problem. The soil was modeled in two case elastic state model and elastoplastic state model represented by cam-clay model, three dimension element used to represent the interaction between pile and soil, and laboratory tests used to getting the real properties of clayey soil and to descried interface. The results obtained developed two empirical equations used to calculate depth of pile fixity for pile embedded in elastic and elastoplastic soil respectively. Also, show the depth of pile fixity is increase about (40 %) due to change soil model from elastic to plastic, when pile embedded in elastoplastic soil its dependent on soil strength, interface properties and pile rigidity. The pile head displacement is increase about 90 % while the bending moment is decease 10 % at pile head.
The use of Cellular Automata is extended in various disciplines for the modeling of complex system procedures. Their inherent simplicity and their natural parallelism make them a very efficient tool for the simulation of large scale physical phenomena. We explore the framework of Cellular Automata to develop a physically based model for the spatial and temporal prediction of shallow landslides. Particular weight is given to the modeling of hydrological processes in order to investigate the hydrological triggering mechanisms and the importance of continuous modeling of water balance to detect timing and location of soil slips occurrences. Specifically, the 3D flow of water and the resulting water balance in the unsaturated and saturated zone is modeled taking into account important phenomena such as hydraulic hysteresis and evapotranspiration. In this poster the hydrological component of the model will be presented and tested against well established benchmark experiments [Vauclin et al, 1975; Vauclin et al, 1979]. Furthermore, we investigate the applicability of incorporating it in a hydrological catchment model for the prediction (temporal and spatial) of rainfall-triggered shallow landslides.
Field and Theoretical Analysis of Accelerated Consolidation Using Vertical Dr...inventionjournals
Mumbai is the region consisting of soft compressible marine clay deposits. There are several construction problems on such soils and thus ground improvement is need to be carried out. Vertical drains is generally preferred technique as accelerated settlement is achieved during the construction phase itself if planned accordingly. The concept of vertical drains is based on the theory of three dimensional consolidation as described by Terzaghi (1943). Based on this concept, a consolidation programme is developed and an attempt is made to determine the field to laboratory coefficient of vertical consolidation ratio by Taylor’s Square Root of Time Method and Casagrande’s Logarithm of Time Fitting Method for this region. Based on this, the rate of consolidation and time required for consolidation in the field can be determined knowing the consolidation parameters. Equations are developed by using output of the programme and it is explained.
MODIFICATION OF THE CASAGRANDE'S EQUATION OF PHREATIC LINE IAEME Publication
The purpose of the present paper is to carry out the seepage analysis for a model to derive the equation of the phreatic line experimentally and thereafter proposing the best solution to trace the line. Sandy silt is used as a base material for this case. Phreatic Line for the model is plotted by carrying out 3 iterations each for two cases, that is, earthen dam without filter and with filter. Their corresponding phreatic line curves are traced on the butter paper on one of the longer side of the
model. Plastic channel sections are used to contain the model sealing it air tight with the use of mseal and rubber stoppers.
Numerical Simulations on Triaxial Strength of Silty Sand in Drained Conditionsijceronline
Silty sand deposits exhibit low bearing capacity at different density levels and depths. It may be due to low frictional values and non-plastic behaviour in nature. This study focuses on response of silty sand under drained conditions of triaxial testing using hypoplastic model. The influence of soil state parameters i.e. void ratio/relative density, and consolidation pressure level on drained response of silty sands is examined from the model simulations. The model results are displayed graphically in terms of stress-strain curves, stress paths and volume change-strain plots. The results reveal that the response of soil is dependent on both the combination of density and consolidation pressure levels.
An introductory presentation of my PhD research covering rainfall-induced landslides, subsurface hydrology, unsaturated soil mechanics, Ground Penetration Radars and some experimental data from a field campaign that I conducted.
Landslides of any type, and particularly soil slips, pose a great threat in mountainous and steep terrain environ- ments. One of the major triggering mechanisms for slope failures in shallow soils is the build-up of soil pore water pressure resulting in a decrease of effective stress. However, infiltration may have other effects both before and after slope failure. Especially, on steep slopes in shallow soils, soil slips can be triggered by a rapid drop in the apparent cohesion following a decrease in matric suction when a wetting front penetrates into the soil without generating positive pore pressures. These types of failures are very frequent in pre-alpine and alpine landscapes. The key factor for a realistic prediction of rainfall-induced landslides are the interdependence of shear strength and suction and the monitoring of suction changes during the cyclic wetting (due to infiltration) and drying (due to percolation and evaporation) processes. The non-unique relationship between suction and water content, expressed by the Soil Water Retention Curve, results in different values of suction and, therefore, of soil shear strength for the same water content, depending on whether the soil is being wetted (during storms) or dried (during inter-storm periods). We developed a physically based distributed in space and continuous in time model for the simulation of the hydrological triggering of shallow landslides at scales larger than a single slope. In this modeling effort particular weight is given to the modeling of hydrological processes in order to investigate the role of hydrologi- cal triggering mechanisms on soil changes leading to slip occurrences. Specifically, the 3D flow of water and the resulting water balance in the unsaturated and saturated zone is modeled using a Cellular Automata framework. The infinite slope analysis is coupled to the hydrological component of the model for the computation of slope stability. For the computation of the Factor of Safety a unified concept for effective stress under both saturated and unsaturated conditions has been used (Lu Ning and Godt Jonathan, WRR, 2010). A test case of a serious landslide event in Switzerland is investigated to assess the plausibility of the model and to verify its perfomance.
This study aims to investigate the effect of single cavity when it presence at a
specific location within the homogenous soil, on the behavior of seepage and uplift
pressure under a hydraulic structure. The results are analyzed to introduce
deterministic formulae for calculating the amount of seepage and the uplift pressure
head. The work was done in three stages by using experimental investigation; the first
stage includes 36 models of 75mm in diameter cavity, while the second and the third
stages includes eight models for each with 100mm and 34mm diameter of cavity,
respectively. The results shows that, when the cavity presence at the left side its impact
was positive on the seepage behavior. While the influence was changed to a negative
impact when the cavity presence at the right side, except at some specific locations. The
statistical software has been employed to generate the two deterministic formulae, and
the results of multiple regressions are checked by statistical indices for the purpose of
recognizing the reliability of the proposed formulae.
Experimental and Analytical Study on Uplift Capacity -Formatted Paper.pdfSamirsinh Parmar
Horizontal Plate Anchor,
Cohesion less soil,
Uplift anchor,
The uplift capacity of the anchor,
Breakout factor,
ground anchors,
Experimental analysis,
Analytical Verification,
Embedment Ratio
Similar to Seismic performance of a layered liquefiable site validation of numerical simulations using centrifuge modeling (20)
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Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.