Securing Apache Web Servers
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This document discusses securing Apache web servers with Mod Security and the Center for Internet Security (CIS) benchmark. It provides an overview of Mod Security features for web application firewall protection and filtering. It also covers recommendations for securing the Apache configuration such as disabling unnecessary modules, access controls, limiting HTTP methods, and logging/monitoring.
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Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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Securing Apache Web Servers
- 1. Securing Apache Web Servers with Mod Security & CIS Benchmark Ralph Durkee , CISSP, GSEC, GCIH, GSNA, GPEN Principal Security Consultant [email_address]
- 5. Need A Secure Foundation Sep 21, 2009 www.RD1.net
- 13. Minimize the Attack Surface Sep 21, 2009 www.RD1.net
- 19. Sep 21, 2009 www.RD1.net Options Directive Apache 2.2 docs Description: Configures what features are available in a particular directory Syntax: Options [+|-]option [[+|-]option] ... Default : Options All Context : server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess Override : Options Module : core
- 20. Sep 21, 2009 www.RD1.net Options Directive Example 1 - Top Level Root <Directory /> . . . Options None </Directory> Example 2 – cgi-bin Directory ScriptAlias /mailman/ /usr/lib/mailman/cgi-bin/ <Directory /usr/lib/mailman/cgi-bin/> . . . Options ExecCGI </Directory>
- 22. Access Controls Sep 21, 2009 www.RD1.net
- 29. New ChrootDir Directive Description : Directory for apache to run chroot(8) after startup. Syntax : ChrootDir /path/to/directory Default : none Context : server config Module : event, prefork, worker Compatibility : Available in Apache 2.2.10 and later Example: ChrootDir /var/www/chroot Sep 21, 2009 www.RD1.net
- 30. New ChrootDir Directive (2) Apache Disclaimer: Note that running the server under chroot is not simple, and requires additional setup, particularly if you are running scripts such as CGI or PHP. Please make sure you are properly familiar with the operation of chroot before attempting to use this feature. Sep 21, 2009 www.RD1.net
- 35. Limiting HTTP Request Methods Sep 21, 2009 www.RD1.net
- 39. Sep 21, 2009 www.RD1.net Deny HTTP Trace New TraceEnable Directive Description : Determines the behavior on TRACE requests Syntax : TraceEnable [on|off|extended] Default : TraceEnable on Context : server config Module : core Compatibility : Available in Apache 1.3.34, 2.0.55 and later Example: TraceEnable off
- 40. Mod Security – The Web Application Firewall Sep 21, 2009 www.RD1.net
- 45. Sep 21, 2009 www.RD1.net Mod_security Filters (1) Basic Recommended Filters # Require HTTP_USER_AGENT and HTTP_HOST headers SecFilterSelective "HTTP_USER_AGENT|HTTP_HOST" "^$" # Only accept request encodings we how handle # we exclude GET requests because some (automated) # clients supply "text/html" as Content-Type SecFilterSelective REQUEST_METHOD "!^GET$" chain SecFilterSelective HTTP_Content-Type "!(^$|^application/x-www-form-urlencoded$|^multipart/form-data)"
- 46. Sep 21, 2009 www.RD1.net Mod_security Filters (2) More Basic Recommended Filters # Require Content-Length to be provided with # every POST request SecFilterSelective REQUEST_METHOD "^POST$" chain SecFilterSelective HTTP_Content-Length "^$" # Don't accept transfer encodings we don't handle SecFilterSelective HTTP_Transfer-Encoding "!^$"
- 47. Logging and Monitoring Sep 21, 2009 www.RD1.net
- 56. Abuse Responses From: Amazon EC2 Abuse [email_address] Thank you for submitting your abuse report. We have received your report of Intrusion Attempts originating from our network. We have completed an initial investigation of the issue and learned that the activity you noticed did indeed originate from an Amazon EC2 instance. These intrusion attempts that you report were not, however, initiated by Amazon. One of the biggest advantages of Amazon EC2 is that developers are given complete control of their instances. . . . That said, we do take reports of unauthorized network activity from our environment very seriously. It is specifically forbidden in our terms of use. This instance has since been terminated. Sep 21, 2009 www.RD1.net
- 58. Durkee Consulting, Inc. www.rd1.net [email_address] Questions?