1. The document discusses secondary or learned motives in psychology, including achievement motives, affiliation motives, aggression motives, power motives, and curiosity motives. 2. Achievement motives refer to a drive for excellence and success, with high achievers preferring challenging tasks and feedback. Affiliation motives reflect the basic human need for social connection and approval from others. 3. Aggression motives can arise from intense frustration or exposure to violent media, potentially leading to aggressive behavior. Power motives involve a concern with influence over others, while curiosity motives reflect a desire for status and rank within social groups.

1. SUBJECT: Applied Psychology
Semester: VI, BS Zoology
Teacher Name: Dr. Khalid Rasheed Khan
Department of Botany
Government College Mansehra

2. Lecture # 02
Topic: Secondary motives

3. Classification of Motives
Primary/unlearned Secondary/learned
1.Air 1. Achievement motives
2.Hunger or Thirst drive 2. Affiliation motives
3.Elemination of waste 3.Aggression motives
4.Body Pain 4. Curiosity motives
5.Sleep

4. Secondary Motives/ Learned
These are motives that you don’t need to fulfill for
survival. These are the wants.
Human life has not only just biological aspect but also
social aspect. Hence human behaviour is activated by
the following social motives

5. 1. Achievement motives
They refer to a drive towards some standards of
excellence. People with high-level achievement
motives prefer tasks that would promise success
and are moderately difficult.
High achievers challenge failures and work harder
while low achievers accept failures and go for less
difficult tasks. High achievers prefer personal
responsibility and like to get feedback about their
works.

6. 2. Affiliation motives
Man cannot exist in isolation. The need to be with other
people is known as affiliation need. This need is revealed
through one’s attraction to others through friendship,
sociability or group membership. They make more local
phone calls, visits and seek approvals of others.

7. 3. Aggression motives
Intense frustrations after high expectations, verbal and
nonverbal insults, fear and anxiety can trigger aggression.
Television and cinema depicting violence can make
youngsters model themselves to aggressive behaviour.

8. 4. Power motives
Social power is defined as the ability of an individual to
produce intended effect on the behaviour or emotions of
other people. Persons with power motives will be concerned
with having impact, influence and reputation.

9. 5. Curiosity Motives
Almost all individuals have a desire to have some standing
position among the people of his society or group. Nobody
likes to be considered inferior. Efforts to achieve a rank in the
hierarchy of the group are present not just in human beings,
but even among birds and animals, e.g. ‘pecking order’
among hens.

10. Thank you