The document discusses the morphology of vascular plant stems. It defines a stem as the primary axis that develops from the plant seed. Stems are classified based on growth as annual, biennial, or perennial, and based on structure as herb, shrub, or tree. Descriptive terms for stems include herbaceous, woody, fistular, solid, jointed, cylindrical, flattened, succulent, hairy, and spiny. Stems are also classified as aerial or underground, and aerial stems can be reduced, erect, weak, or climbers including twiners, tendril climbers, climber hooks, and suckers.
PLANTS CLASSIFY INTO DIFFERENT CATEGORIES - HERB , SHRUB AND TREES.
FLOWER IS REPRODUCTIVE PART OF PLANT . FLOWER CONTAIN MALE REPRODUCTIVE PART AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE PART
PLANTS CLASSIFY INTO DIFFERENT CATEGORIES - HERB , SHRUB AND TREES.
FLOWER IS REPRODUCTIVE PART OF PLANT . FLOWER CONTAIN MALE REPRODUCTIVE PART AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE PART
There are two different types of leaves – simples leaves and compound leaves. The other types of leaves include acicular, linear, lanceolate, orbicular, elliptical, oblique, centric cordate, etc. They perform the function of photosynthesis and help in the removal of excess water from the aerial parts of the plant.
THE PLANT FAIRY ENVIRONMENTALSTUDIES CBSE CLASS - IIIBIOLOGY TEACHER
We do see a variety of plants existing all around us near our homes, in the school ground, on the way to the school, in the parks and gardens, isn’t it?
Based on these characters most plants can be classified into three categories: herbs, shrubs and trees, climbers and creepers.
GETTING TO KNOW PLANTS-2 (CLASS VI) CHAPTER-7 CBSEBIOLOGY TEACHER
Plants are important part of nature. They can live on land and in water. Plants are very useful to us and we get many things from plant such as food, wood, paper etc.
Most of our food that we eat comes from plants for example -fruits, vegetables, cereals, pulses etc. We eat roots, leaves, stems, flowers and fruits of plants.
ANATOMY OF DICOT AND MONOCOT LEAVES.pptxRASHMI M G
A leaf is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, stem, flower, and fruit collectively form the shoot system
A leaf is made up of three main parts: the blade (lamina), the petiole (leaf stalk), and the stipules. The blade is the flat, green surface of the leaf, and is made up of veins and veinlets. The petiole is a long, thin stalk that connects the blade to the stem. The stipules are two small leaf-like structures located on either side of the petiole base.
There are two different types of leaves – simples leaves and compound leaves. The other types of leaves include acicular, linear, lanceolate, orbicular, elliptical, oblique, centric cordate, etc. They perform the function of photosynthesis and help in the removal of excess water from the aerial parts of the plant.
THE PLANT FAIRY ENVIRONMENTALSTUDIES CBSE CLASS - IIIBIOLOGY TEACHER
We do see a variety of plants existing all around us near our homes, in the school ground, on the way to the school, in the parks and gardens, isn’t it?
Based on these characters most plants can be classified into three categories: herbs, shrubs and trees, climbers and creepers.
GETTING TO KNOW PLANTS-2 (CLASS VI) CHAPTER-7 CBSEBIOLOGY TEACHER
Plants are important part of nature. They can live on land and in water. Plants are very useful to us and we get many things from plant such as food, wood, paper etc.
Most of our food that we eat comes from plants for example -fruits, vegetables, cereals, pulses etc. We eat roots, leaves, stems, flowers and fruits of plants.
ANATOMY OF DICOT AND MONOCOT LEAVES.pptxRASHMI M G
A leaf is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, stem, flower, and fruit collectively form the shoot system
A leaf is made up of three main parts: the blade (lamina), the petiole (leaf stalk), and the stipules. The blade is the flat, green surface of the leaf, and is made up of veins and veinlets. The petiole is a long, thin stalk that connects the blade to the stem. The stipules are two small leaf-like structures located on either side of the petiole base.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
1. SUBJECT: Morphology of vascular Plants
Semester: II, BS Botany
Teacher Name: Dr. Khalid Rasheed Khan
Department of Botany
Government College Mansehra
3. Stem
The portion of the primary axis of plant which
develops from plume of seed.
Types of plants on the basis of growth
1.Annual e.g wheat, Tomato
2.Biennial e.g radish, Turnip
3.perennial all woody plants e.g Mango, Apple
4. Types of plants on the basis
of structure of stem
1.Herb: soft and usually green stem e.g tomato
2.Shrub: woody main stem can not be distinguished from its
branches e.g rose
3.Tree: perennial woody plant with distinct upright stem e.g mango
5. Descriptive terms of stem
• Herbaceous: soft and green stem e.g tomato
• Woody stem: hard woody stem e.g mango
• Fistular stem: internode of the stem are hollow e.g Bamboo
• Solid stem: stem is not hollow e.g apple
• Jointed: many nodes on stem e.g Grasses
• Cylindrical: straight and rounded stem e.g Rose
• Flattened: flat stem e.g Opuntia
• Succulent: Thick and fleshy stem e.g Euphorbia
• Hairy: stem having hairs e.g Sunflower
• Spiny: stem with spines or throns on its surface e.g Acacia
