Seafood provides many health benefits due to its high quality protein and omega-3 fatty acids. It is low in saturated fat and contributes to heart and brain health. Fish consumption has been shown to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, irregular heartbeats, diabetes, and arthritis. Omega-3 fatty acids in seafood also aid in development and help control diabetes symptoms. While fish or supplements provide omega-3s, whole fish contain more of the beneficial fatty acid DHA. Fat replacers can be used to reduce fat content in foods while maintaining qualities like texture. Protein, carbohydrate, and synthetic compounds are common types of fat replacers.

1. SEA FOODS AND FAT REPLACER
BY
Pintu Choudhary
Master of Technology
( Food Science and Technology)
Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology
Ministry of Food Processing Industries
Government of India
Thanjavur - 613005

2. FISH CATCHING STATUS
 Total fish catch in world is of the order of 92 million tones per
year
 Total cost line of India about 5,600 km and total coast area of
about 1.13 million sq. km
 The total fish catch in India was 133,020 MT tones in 2004
 Total export per year is 380,000 tones of fish
 Total value of export of fish and fish products amount to over
Rs.4,600 crores per annum
 More than 80% of our export is frozen shrimp
 World per capita consumption of seafood in 2003 =16.2 kg/yr.
 Per capita sea food consumption in India =3.5 kg/yr.

3. TYPE OF FISH
 Total estimated species of fish are about 25,000 species of
living today.
 Total 250 different species of fish are used for edible purpose
 The edible fishes are classified into two categories based on
their anatomical differences i.e. finfish and shellfish.
 Fishes classified on the basis of their fat content as lean (less
than 2 per cent fat),medium (2 to 5 percent ) and fat (more than
5 per cent ).

4. FINFISH
 Fins and backbones.
SHELLFISH
 Shells instead
backbones.
FINFISH
SHELLFISH

5. SHELLFISH
SHELLFISH
MOLLUSCS
OYSTERS
CLAMS
SCALLOPS
MUSSELS
CRUSTACEANS
LOBSTER
SHRIMPS
CRAYFISH

6. SHRIMPS
OYSTERSSCALLOPS
CRAYFISH
CLAMSLOBSTER
CRABS

7. FINFISH
FRESH WATER
SARSINE
MULLEESPOTT
CATFISH
PERCH
PEARLESPOT
SALT WATER
SHARK
SALMON
MACKEREL
BOMBAY DUCK
RIBBON FISH
POMFRETSOLE
TUNA

8. CATFISH
SALMON

9. CLASSIFICATION OF FISH ON BASIS
OF FAT CONTENT
FISH
LEAN (LESS THAN 2 PER CENT)
MEDIUM 2 TO 5 PERCENT
FAT ( MORE THAN 5 %)

10. SEAFOOD –NUTRITIONAL BENEFITS
• High quality protein
• High in omega-3 fatty acids
• Low in saturated fat
• Contributes to a healthy heart
• Contributes to proper growth and
development of children
• Source of vitamins and minerals

11. HEALTH BENEFITS ASSOCIATED WITH
FISH CONSUMPTION AND LEVELS OF
SUPPORTING EVIDENCE
Disease or health condition Strong evidence of
significant health
benefits
Promising preliminary
results
Coronary heart disease 
High blood pressure 
Irregular heart beat
(arrhythmia)

Diabetes 
Rheumatoid arthritis 
Asthma 
Bowel cancer 
Crohn’s disease 
Neural development 

12. HEALTH BENEFITS- STRONG
EVIDENCE
 Coronary heart disease
 High blood pressure
 Irregular heart beat
 Diabetes
 Rheumatoid arthritis

13. HIGH QUALITY PROTEIN
 Protein needed for growth and maintenance
 Seafood contains all 9 essential amino acids
 Protein is highly digestible
 Fish contain 16-27 grams of protein

14. OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS
Three types:
 Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
Seafood
 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
Seafood
 Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)
Flaxseed, wheat germ, dark leafy
greens

15. HEALTH BENEFITS OF OMEGA-3
FATTY ACIDS
HEART
 Lowers triglyceride levels
 Counteracts inflammation
 Helps arteries stay elastic
 Helps prevent build-up of plaque deposits
 Reduces risk of dying from heart attack

16. OMEGA-3S AND DIABETES
 Onset of diabetes
- May keep the immune system in check
 Control of symptoms
- Low level of DHA associated with an increased
insulin resistance
 Complications of diabetes
- Influence development of cardiovascular disease
- May delay onset of kidney and nerve complications

17. OMEGA-3S AND CANCER
 Onset
May help healthy cells resist damage
 Multiplication of cells
May interfere with tumor growth
 Spread
May inhibit tumor spread in the body

18. OTHER BENEFITS OF OMEGA-3 FATTY
ACIDS
 Joints
Fewer tender joints and decrease stiffness
 Mood
Higher levels of EPA and DHA protective against
depression
 Mind
Perhaps caused by inflammation in center of the brain
 Lungs
May decrease severity of asthma

19. VITAMINS
 Source of B complex vitamins
Niacin, B12 and B6, Thiamin
MINERALS
 Excellent source of minerals
Calcium, Iron Zinc, Copper,
Potassium, Iodine, Phosphorus,
Selenium, Magnesium

20. FISH OR FISH OIL
SUPPLEMENTS
 Taking supplements may be more convenient
 Fish contains more of the “long-chain” fatty acid DHA
 Excessive amounts of supplement – may increase
bleeding
 May also increase both good and bad cholesterol

21. FISH FLOUR
 Ingredient used for preparation of fish flour is defatted
fish.
 It is rich in high quality protein and minerals.
 Fish flour contain 85-90 % percent of high quality
protein .
 It is less coastally and good quality protein is generally
used in several areas of the world

22. FAT REPLACER
 Fat replacers are compounds incorporated into food
products to provide them with some qualities of fat.
 Fat may be replaced in food products by traditional
techniques such as substituting water or air for fat, using
lean meats in frozen entrées, skim milk instead of whole
milk in frozen desserts, and baking instead of frying for
manufacturing or preparing snack foods.
 Some lipids may be replaced in foods by reformulating
with selected ingredients that provide some fat-like
attributes . These fat replacers can be lipid, protein or
carbohydrate-based and can be used alone or in unique
combinations

23. TYPES OF FAT REPLACER
 Fat replacers are generally categorized into two groups: fat
substitutes and fat mimetics.
 Fat substitutes are ingredients that have a chemical structure
somewhat close to fats and have similar physiochemical
properties. They are usually either indigestible or contribute
lower calories on a per gram basis.
 Fat mimetics are ingredients that have distinctly different
chemical structures from fat. They are usually carbohydrate
and/or protein-based. They have diverse functional
properties that mimic some of the characteristic
physiochemical attributes and desirable eating qualities of
fat.

24. FAT SUBSTITUTES
 Protein-based
 Carbohydrate-based
 Synthetic compounds
 Combination products
 Yoghurt; fruit-based

25. PROTEIN BASED FAT SUBSTITUTES
 Simplesse introduced in 1988 by Nutra Sweet, GRAS
status 1990 for application in frozen desserts. Produced
from milk and/or egg proteins by heating and blending
process known as microparticulation.
 1g of Simplesse + 2 g of water = 3 g of fat
4kcal 27kcal

26. CARBOHYDRATE-BASED FAT
SUBSTITUTES
 Vegetable gums
 Starch-based substitutes;
 Maltrin-corn starch maltodextrins
 N-Oil - tapioca starch dextrins
 Passelli SA2 - potato starch dextrins
 STA-SLIM modified potato starch

27. SYNTHETIC COMPOUNDS
 Olestra-hexa to octaesters of sucrose and fatty
acids
 EPG - esterified propoxylated glycerols
 DDM -Dialkyl dihexadecylmalonate
 TATCA - trialkoxytricarballate

28. FAT SUBSTITUTES THAT CAN BE
USED AT HOME
 Fruit based: apple sauce, date puree, plum puree,
banana puree, cherry puree
 Corn starch, potato starch
 Yoghurt

29. FAT MIMETICS
PROTEIN
BASED
EGG WHITE
PROTEIN
MILK PROTEIN
WHEY PROTEIN
ZEIN PROTEIN
CARBOHYDRATES
BASED
GUAR
XANTHAN
LOCUST BEAN
CARARGEEN
GUM ARABIC
PECTIN

30. REFERENCES
 Anonymous. 2010. Information on Nutrition and Health Claims.
Food Safety Authority of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
 Belury,M.A. 2002. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid in health.
Annual Review of Nutrition, 22, 505-531.
 Finley, J.W. 2003. Reduction of cancer risk by consumption of
selenium-enriched plants: enrichment of broccoli with selenium
increases the anti-carcinogenic properties of broccoli. Journal of
Medicinal Food, 6, 19-26.
 Akoh, C.C. (1998). Fat replacers, Food Technology, 52, 47-52.
 Chronakis, I.S. (1997). Structural-Functional and Water-holding
Studies of Biopolymers in Low Fat Content Spreads, Lebensmittel-
Wissenschaft und-Technology 30,36-44.

31. “DO YOUR HEALTH A FAVOR – EAT SEAFOOD”