The document discusses screenless display technology as an emerging replacement for traditional touch screen displays. It describes several types of screenless displays including visual images like holograms, retinal displays that project images directly onto the retina, and synaptic interfaces that send images directly to the brain. While screenless displays provide advantages over traditional screens like 3D images and lower costs, the technology still faces challenges such as higher costs and limited availability of products, and potential health issues from close interaction with the eye.

2. Imran Haider Jaffri
Muhammad Azeem
Zulfiqar Ali
Ansar Abbas
Shahzaman Khalid

3.  Advancement in different technologies are making human life
more and more comfortable day by day. Thus the improvement
can be accomplished by upgrading the existing tools and
machines. Today's touch screen technology which is adopted by
almost all electronic gadgets will become history tomorrow.
Screenless Display will replace these touch screen displays and
will reduce the use of screens, ultimately hardware component
will become cheap. Screen less display is one of the most
interesting subjects in technologies and that's why number of
renowned IT companies are working on projects concerning
screenless display technology to prove themselves. The primary
aim of Screenless technology is to transfer or display
information/data without using screen at all. Google glass is the
best example of screenless technology till date. The problem
with this technology is that it isn't much developed yet and
available in very limited range of products. though not currently,
but it is sure to make a mark in the new era

4.  Reto Meier, an “Android Developer Advocate for Google”
recently laid out a fairly science-fiction account of where
computer (or at least mobile) interfaces are headed.
 In the spirit of the best futurism, all of his predictions - from
Augmented Reality eye glasses to advanced batteries - have
parallels in the real world. What follows is a walk-through of
the future, expressed in terms of the not quite ready for
prime time discoveries coming out of labs today.

5.  Working on the average laptop is like working on a desk
that’s as big as a sheet of paper. That’s why all our “files” are
half an inch high. The key to productivity and immersion is
more, bigger screens - hence the proliferation of external
monitors, secondary reading devices and even mobile phones
with improbably large screens.
 So-called “Pico” projectors (named for their tiny size) already
exist - there’s even an HD version, the Forever Plus, that’s
less than an inch on its longest dimension. And there are
mobile phones, such as the Samsung Show, which have built-
in picoprojectors - so outside of market demand (how many
of us really need this?) there’s nothing to stop this prediction
from coming true.

6.  Technological advancement nowadays is moving to
a faster pace. The latest display technology -Touch
Screen Display, commonly used in our smart
phones and tablet computers will move to a mere
history in the coming future.
 Screenless Display, the emerging new display
technology will replace this touch screen
environment and will solve the problems at higher
level, making life more comfortable. The main aim
of the Screenless Display is to display or transmit
the information without the help of a screen or the
projector.

7.  This field came into progress during the year 2013
by the arrival of products like holographic videos,
virtual reality headsets, retinal displays, mobiles for
elderly, eye tap etc.
 At present, we can say that only part of the
Screenless Display Technology is brought up which
means that more advancement is necessary for a
boost in the technology.
 Lack of space is one of major problem faced by
screen displays. This problem will surely provide a
pathway for screenless display.

8.  Screenless Display was an excellent thought that
came into many experts inorder to solve the major
problems related to the device miniaturization. Lower
space screen displays have made the need of
screenless displays more than ever.
 Screenless, as the word suggests clearly means ‘no
screen’. So, Screenless Displays can be defined as a
display which helps to display and even transmit any
information without the aid of screens.

9.  When will screenless displays be fully available? This question is
not yet answerable since many developments are under stage
only.
 Since the displays are capable of projecting 3D images to the
space, many disadvantages of 2D and screen based displays can
be avoided. Displaying feature of it can be thought of as a
projector without a movie. Using this excellent technology, we
can even make our smart phone a TV.
 The countdown for the first screenless display has started now
currently from the month of May 2014 onwards. Screenless
Display currently uses Interactive Projection technology with
visual display and 3D Projection Technology.

10. Screenless Display

11.  Visual Image
 Retinal Display
 Synaptic Interface

12.  The first screen-less display that needs mentioning is Google
Glass. This device has been tested for the past year, and
some lucky individuals have even got their devices already.
Google Glass sits on the face like a pair of glasses, and on
one eye it has a block of glass that allows you to see
augmented reality. Images can be displayed right in front of
your eye, as well as text and information about objects and
places that are in front of you. This technology is only in its
early stages, but definitely shows that screen-less displays
will become a natural form of media consumption in the
future

14.  In this type of screenless display our eye perceives
the images that are formed in the air without using
any kind of screens. One of the well-known
example of visual image is Hologram. Holographic
messages, from the movie 'Star Wars' are become
true now. Visual image uses light and thus
reflected light from the intermediate object is
captured. Another example of visual image is
heads-up display used in jet fighters.

18.  The technique which is used to create and generate hologram
is called as holography. Just like a compact disk or tape
record, a hologram is recorded(on a holodisk) first and then
reconstructed whenever it needed. This can be achieved by
capturing the reflected light from the intermediate object. It
is also possible to generate 3D images now a days. The
system focuses a beam of laser light so that it generates
plasma medium in the environment using atmospheric
nitrogen and oxygen. This medium is able to display
holographic images.The following diagram shows basic
working principle of hologram.

19.  Holographic technology has unfortunately not gone very far
past trickery with mirrors. This form of photography provides
a three dimensional image, and some technologies are now
creating images using lenses, helium neon and holographic
film.
 Scientists will not have a fully working holographic table
prepared for market any time soon, but it is definitely on the
cards for the future. The only downfall of this kind of system,
however, is that the orientation and viewing angle of a viewer
will determine the quality of the image that can be seen –
meaning that so far, holographs are not ideal for media or
information consumption.

23.  Virtual retinal display systems are a class of screen less
displays in which images are projected directly onto the retina
as shown in figure 3. They are distinguished from visual
image systems because light is not reflected from some
intermediate object onto the retina; it is instead projected
directly onto the retina.
 The VRD was initially invented by Kazuo Yoshinaka in
1986.Later work at the Human Interface Technology Lab at
University of Washington had brought out a VRD system in
1991.Now VRD is under more research.

26.  With a retinal display light is not reflected off an immediate
object, like in a visual image, but it is projected directly onto
the retina. This can be handy in that one is not limited by
physical screen size because there is no immediate object to
be viewed, retinal display can be used to keep things such as
financial information safe from snooping eyes. The image
can take up the entire field of vision.
 We’ve seen the potential of retinal displays in movies like
Terminator.

28.  Synaptic Interfaces does not use light at all and the
visual image is directly given to the brain.
 The technology is in the advancement mode and it
is now been tested on humans too. This is useful
for security system, effective communication,
education, business, planning and broadcast.
 Success was achieved in sampling video signals
from eyes of horseshoe crab through their nerves.

30.  Brain-computer Interfaces allows direct communication
between the brain and the external device.
 Brain Machine Interface, Mind Machine Interface, Direct
Neural Interface and Synthetic Telepathy Interface are
some common names by which they are known.
 Can you guys imagine a computer been controlled using
our mind? Then this imagination is coming to a reality
through synaptic interfaces. Recently Duke University
reported that by connecting the brains of two mice over
the Internet, the mices were able to cooperate and perform
tasks.
 In 2013 Harvard University reported that they established
a link between the brains of rat and human.

33.  The products belonging to this emerging technology bring
out many advantages compared to the existing products with
the old technology.
 While taking the images into consideration, the present
screenless displays have the ability to present 3D images, far
point images and an image with higher resolution one. Good
brightness and contrast and large angle of view are the other
essential advantages.
 With the increasing use of the screenless products, we can
expect a decrease in the cost also in the coming future. Lower
power consumption, light weight, and providing better
privacy are some essential advantages achieved in all the
smart screenless display products.
 The screenless displays will boost up the field of
entertainment at a great stage.

34.  Disadvantages faced now are basically the higher
cost and limited availability of the screenless
display products.
 Many problems related to eye sight can arise since
the products require close interaction with the eye.