The release of impurities in the environment, containing petroleum and petroleum cogitated products, is engenders of global being taint. It is also a hazardous for human and animal health, since many of these impurities have evidenced to be toxic and oncogenic. Hydrocarbon particles that are secreted into the environment are hard to get rid of, since they change state to surfaces and are captured by surface tension in a water immiscible stage. Bioremediation has tested to be an alternate to lessen the effects caused to impureness of soil and water, applying the metabolic abilities of microorganisms that can apply hydrocarbons as source of carbon and energy, or that can alter them by co metabolism. The proficiency of removal is directly related to the compound’s chemical structure, to its bioavailability deliberation, harmfulness, flexibility and approach and to the physicochemical situation present in the atmosphere. Perwez Qureshi | Dr. Reshma Jaweria "Screening of Biosurfactant/Bioemulsifier Producing Bacteria from Petroleum Contaminated Soil" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46276.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/46276/screening-of-biosurfactantbioemulsifier-producing-bacteria-from-petroleum-contaminated-soil/perwez-qureshi
The material describes components of industrial fermentation media with their respective metabolic importance for the industrial microbes. it also addresses industrial scale sterilization methods.
Downstream processing refers to the recovery and purification of biosynthetic products, particularly pharmaceuticals, from natural sources such as animal or plant tissue or fermentation broth, including the recycling of salvageable components and the proper treatment and disposal of waste.
The material describes components of industrial fermentation media with their respective metabolic importance for the industrial microbes. it also addresses industrial scale sterilization methods.
Downstream processing refers to the recovery and purification of biosynthetic products, particularly pharmaceuticals, from natural sources such as animal or plant tissue or fermentation broth, including the recycling of salvageable components and the proper treatment and disposal of waste.
Steps involved in fermentation products producing a viable product output.various steps and process were explained in them. A semester syllabus of undergraduate microbiology student in his/her semester -5 in paper -6 . I think this might be helpful to you and have a good response after reading this .thank you.
Industrial sterilization will help you to get more information about sterilization in pharmaceutical industries. how the process of sterilization are selected for different product.
Lipase production and purification Likhith KLIKHITHK1
Lipase (tri acyl glycerol acyl hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the carboxyl ester bonds in tri acyl glycerols to produce di acyl glycerols, mono acyl glycerols, fatty acids and glycerol under aqueous conditions and the synthesis of esters in organic solvents.
Under the controlled conditions, lipases are able to catalyze a large number of reactions. Lipases of microbial origin are of considerable commercial importance, because of the high versatility and high stability, moreover, the advantage of being readily produced in high yields.
Many microbial lipases have been commercially available in free or immobilized form. Numerous species of bacteria (Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Burkholderia), yeasts (Candida rugosa, Yarrowia lipolytica, and Candida antarctica) and molds (Aspergillus, Trichoderma viride) produce lipases with different enzymological properties and specificities but microbes are known to be more potent lipase producer.
Isolation, Screening, and Characterization of Biosurfactant-Producing Microor...BRNSS Publication Hub
Introduction: Biosurfactants are amphiphatic in nature and are surface-active compounds produced by microorganisms. These molecules reduce interfacial surface tension between aqueous solutions and hydrocarbon mixtures. Unfortunately, oil spills and industrial discharges from petroleum-related industries have been identified as the major pollution sources. The hydrophobicity and low aqueous solubility of petroleum pollutant limit the biodegradation process. The features that make biosurfactants as an alternative to commercially synthesized surfactants are its low toxicity, higher biodegradability and, hence, greater environmental compatibility, better foaming properties, and stable activity at extreme pH, temperature, and salinity. Objective: Therefore, in this study, hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were screened from petroleum-contaminated soil, characterized and optimization of the physical and nutrient parameters were done to enhance the production of biosurfactants. Results: Petroleum-contaminated soil was collected from different petrol pumps in Pune and screening was done on minimal salt medium media containing palm oil as carbon source using hemolytic activity, emulsification index, drop-collapse test, and oil displacement method. The most promising strain was isolated and identified using Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Biology and 16s rRNA sequencing and was found to be Staphylococcus epidermidis. The optimization of various parameters, namely temperature, pH, carbon, and nitrogen sources on growth, and biosurfactant production was studied. The highest biosurfactant production was obtained when MSS media contains sucrose (carbon source) and urea (nitrogen source) at pH 10 and temperature 55°C. The Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) analysis of purified biosurfactant indicated the presence of lipopeptide biosurfactant when compared with reference FT-IR spectra.
Steps involved in fermentation products producing a viable product output.various steps and process were explained in them. A semester syllabus of undergraduate microbiology student in his/her semester -5 in paper -6 . I think this might be helpful to you and have a good response after reading this .thank you.
Industrial sterilization will help you to get more information about sterilization in pharmaceutical industries. how the process of sterilization are selected for different product.
Lipase production and purification Likhith KLIKHITHK1
Lipase (tri acyl glycerol acyl hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the carboxyl ester bonds in tri acyl glycerols to produce di acyl glycerols, mono acyl glycerols, fatty acids and glycerol under aqueous conditions and the synthesis of esters in organic solvents.
Under the controlled conditions, lipases are able to catalyze a large number of reactions. Lipases of microbial origin are of considerable commercial importance, because of the high versatility and high stability, moreover, the advantage of being readily produced in high yields.
Many microbial lipases have been commercially available in free or immobilized form. Numerous species of bacteria (Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Burkholderia), yeasts (Candida rugosa, Yarrowia lipolytica, and Candida antarctica) and molds (Aspergillus, Trichoderma viride) produce lipases with different enzymological properties and specificities but microbes are known to be more potent lipase producer.
Isolation, Screening, and Characterization of Biosurfactant-Producing Microor...BRNSS Publication Hub
Introduction: Biosurfactants are amphiphatic in nature and are surface-active compounds produced by microorganisms. These molecules reduce interfacial surface tension between aqueous solutions and hydrocarbon mixtures. Unfortunately, oil spills and industrial discharges from petroleum-related industries have been identified as the major pollution sources. The hydrophobicity and low aqueous solubility of petroleum pollutant limit the biodegradation process. The features that make biosurfactants as an alternative to commercially synthesized surfactants are its low toxicity, higher biodegradability and, hence, greater environmental compatibility, better foaming properties, and stable activity at extreme pH, temperature, and salinity. Objective: Therefore, in this study, hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were screened from petroleum-contaminated soil, characterized and optimization of the physical and nutrient parameters were done to enhance the production of biosurfactants. Results: Petroleum-contaminated soil was collected from different petrol pumps in Pune and screening was done on minimal salt medium media containing palm oil as carbon source using hemolytic activity, emulsification index, drop-collapse test, and oil displacement method. The most promising strain was isolated and identified using Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Biology and 16s rRNA sequencing and was found to be Staphylococcus epidermidis. The optimization of various parameters, namely temperature, pH, carbon, and nitrogen sources on growth, and biosurfactant production was studied. The highest biosurfactant production was obtained when MSS media contains sucrose (carbon source) and urea (nitrogen source) at pH 10 and temperature 55°C. The Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) analysis of purified biosurfactant indicated the presence of lipopeptide biosurfactant when compared with reference FT-IR spectra.
Dissertation ppt biostimulation- a potential practice for wastewater treaat...Sumer Pankaj
Phycoremediation is a green technology that supports the direct use of living green microalgae for in situ, or in place removal, degradation, of contaminants in soils, sludge, sediments, surface water and ground waters by the mechanisms of bio-transformation, bio-accumulation, bio-concentration, bio-sparging.
It can be said by the current study that microalgae has a great potential for the treatment of industrial and municipal wastewaters as compared to the chemical treatments available commercially. Biological systems are much more efficient in cleaning the excess nutrients from the waste water followed by generation of valuable biomass which can be applied in the food, fertilizer, energy production as use of inorganic chemicals like lime and ferrous sulphate generates huge amount of sludge in textile industries, but on the other hand static anaerobic treatment using acclimatized MLSS gives better colour reduction with zero sludge generation. Microalgal cells can be used in free form to treat waste waters containing high C.O.D., high ammonical nitrogen and high TDS. It not only provides a better reduction of chemicals from wastewaters but it also helps to reduce the operational cost of ETP. Microalgaes not only helps to remediate industrial waste waters but also to treat sweage water and to restore natural water bodies like lakes and ponds. As they are active in remediating the chemicals but also it shows an antagonistic effect against some pathogenic germs like total coliforms and fecal coliforms.
These microalgal cells can also be combined with bacterial biomass of activated sludge process to develop an Algal-Bacterial consortium (ALBA) for better enhancement in the reduction of chemicals from the wastewaters as this symbiotic relation of algae and bacteria provides high satiability of the microalgae along with MLSS and faceable in terms of price and economy for instance the bacterial biomass provides carbon dioxide to algal cells for photosynthesis and in return the bacteria acquires oxygen from algae. The harvested biomass from the ETP’s can be used as bio-fertilizers as it consists of appropriate ratio of vital macro and micro nutrients like N,P,K etc. which enhance the growth of plantlets. It can also be used as aqua feeds for shrimps, fishes and molluscs. Furthermore these microlgal cells are non-toxic in the environment as it becomes a part of food chain and do not cause eutrophication. Therefore, micro-algal based treatment is most suitable for the treating the waste waters and restoring the natural water bodies as compared to other chemical treatments.
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.4
ABSTRACT- Microorganisms are the important factors in the degradation of the toxic substances in our environment.
Petrol and diesel oil is one of the complex mixtures which cannot be easily degraded. The Bacillus cereus was involved in
the degradation of oil during which the complex toxic substances were detoxified by the production of biosurfactants. In
our study we have identified that the biosurfactant producing Bacillus cereus have a high potential for hydrocarbon
degradation. The Bacillus cereus was isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated soil and identified based on morphology
and biochemical test according to the Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology. The maximum hydrocarbon degrading
biosurfactant producing Bacillus cereus was obtained by qualitative and quantitative methods. In optimization studies, the
best results observed for Bacillus cereus were, Olive oil as the suitable carbon source, Sodium nitrate as the best Nitrogen
source and Optimum pH is 7 and Optimum temperature is 37°C. The ability of these isolates to degrade hydrocarbons and
survive in the oil contaminated soil is attributed to the development of resistance by mutation on the plasmid. It is also
clearly evident that the specific gene was responsible for the production of biosurfactant and the degradation process.
According to the results from the present study the Bacillus cereus has high potential for hydrocarbon degradation and can
be used especially for Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery and bioremediation of hydrocarbons in near future.
Key-words- Bacillus cereus, Biosurfactant, Hydrocarbon, Biodegradation, Plasmid DNA
Study on Characterization of Various Biofilms Prepared by Starch Isolated fro...ijtsrd
In the present study, the rhizome of Maranta arundinacea L., Arrowroot, was selected for a rich source of starch for the preparation of biofilm. Firstly, some physicochemical properties of the selected sample were determined by AOAC method. Furthermore, the elemental analysis of the selected sample was carried out by Energy Dispersive X ray Fluorescence EDXRF spectroscopy. Moreover, antimicrobial activities of various solvent extracts were examined by Agar well diffusion method on six tested organisms. And then, the qualitative determination of starch tests such as Iodine test and Tannic acid test were done. In addition, starch from Arrowroot powder was isolated and confirmed by FT IR spectrum. Finally, starch biofilms were prepared by using isolated starch and various ratios of plasticizers PVA, PEG, and Sorbitol. The characterizations of seven kinds of prepared biofilms were measured. Aye Mon Thida Nyo | Arnt Win | Baby San Chit Su | Mar Pi Myint | Phyu Phyu Khaing "Study on Characterization of Various Biofilms Prepared by Starch Isolated from Maranta Arundinacea L." Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26588.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/26588/study-on-characterization-of-various-biofilms-prepared-by-starch-isolated-from-maranta-arundinacea-l/aye-mon-thida-nyo
ABSTRACT- Biosurfactant is a structurally diverse group of surface-active molecule, synthesized by microorganisms. Kocuria rosea and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from pesticide contaminated soil, which produces biosurfactant were studied. Curd whey was used as a cheap source of growth medium for biosurfactant production. There was formation of stable emulsions of biosurfactant containing broth with vegetable oil and kerosene. These strains produced a clear zone in oil spreading test, which is an indicative of the good biosurfactant activity. Both the strains produced extra cellular biosurfactant in the culture media and showed good foam stability in the culture medium. Biosurfactant was efficiently extracted from the culture broth by acetone-HCl precipitation. The biosurfactants from the two species, namely Kocuria rosea and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found to have no effects on germinating seedlings of Glycine max, Pisum sativum and Spinacia oleracea, when treated with 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% with the combination of curd whey in the making of 100ml volume. Curd whey as a control was taken with no surfactant. Our study suggested an efficient use in surfactant aided bioremediation in agricultural land.
Key-words- Biosurfactant, Kerosene, Emulsification, Oil spreading, Kocuria rosea, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Glycine max, Pisum sativum, Spinacia oleracea
Production of Amphiphilic Surfactant Molecule From Saccharomyces Cerevisiae M...inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation Potential of Cyanobacteria in Oil Polluted Soilijtsrd
Petroleum hydrocarbon is one of the most common environmental pollutants in Nigeria and other countries. Its debilitating effects on arable lands and water bodies have far reaching consequences to agriculture and aquatic life. Several bioremediation strategies have been developed over the years in a bid to manage this type of pollution. Cyanobacteria are a group of microorganisms possessing the potential to be harnessed as bioremediation alternatives. This study sought to conduct bioremediation of crude oil polluted oil usung cyanobacteria. Organisms were isolated from crude oil polluted soil and were identified using molecular typing. A 200 ml portion of broth cultures of organisms was used singly and in consortium in different set ups to bio remedaite the polluted soil samples. Gas chromatography was used to monitor the residual total petroleum hydrocarbon TPH in each set up for a period of thirty days. Microcystisholsatica, Chlorella kessleriand Anabaena cicadae were identified from polluted soil samples. Chlorella kessleri gave a 94.10 TPH loss, while Anabaena cicadae gave 91.10 and their co culture set up gave a 95 TPH loss and the control experiment had 2.10 TPH loss. Temperature of the reacting systems was mesophilic and the pH was at weak acid range. This study thus has shown that cyanoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon pollution of soil is possible and efficient and should be adopted more often Agu, K. C. | Orji, M. U. | Ikele, M. O. | Uwanta, L. I. | Onyeneho, V. I "Hydrocarbon Biodegradation Potential of Cyanobacteria in Oil Polluted Soil" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52397.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/52397/hydrocarbon-biodegradation-potential-of-cyanobacteria-in-oil-polluted-soil/agu-k-c
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD46276 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2021 Page 2310
Microbial surfactants are anatomically different group
of surface-active combinations produced by variety of
microorganisms and are getting considerable attention
due to their peculiar properties. Biosurfactants has
useful properties when compared to their chemically
synthesized similitudes such as biodegradability, low
toxicityconcerning humans, easy availability of raw
materials for production, stability over various range
of physical factors (Temperature, pH, ionic intensity),
deduction in surface tension and interface activity,
biocompatibility and edibility.
Majorly, biosurfactants were considered only as
hydrocarbon solvents but now their applications have
been greatly extended to replace chemical surfactants
such as carboxylates, sulphonates also sulphate acid
esters especially in oil, pharmaceutical and food
industry. Currently, biosurfactants have great market
requirement but these biomolecules do not contend
economically with synthetic equivalents because of
their higher creation cost. Aim of this study was to
classify potent biosurfactant producing bacteria from
petroleum contaminated soil samples for the making
of biosurfactant at industrial level.
Materials and Techniques
Biosurfactant producing bacteria
Sample collection:
Four different bacterial samples used in this study
were obscure from soil samples.
Enrichment and isolation of bacterial colonies:
1% (w/v) of each soil samples were inserted in 100ml
of Mineral Salt Medium (MSM) [KH2PO4 1.0 g/L,
MgSO4.7H2O 0.5 g/L, NaNO3 1.5g/L, CaCl2
0.02g/L, MnSO4 1.5g/L, FeSO4 0.01 g/L and
(NH4)2SO4 1.5g/L] with 1% (v/v) sunflower oil. All
the flasks were concealed at 30°C for 7 day.
Estrangement was done on MSM agar plate bearing
1% sunflower oil. After 2 days of cultivation
morphologically distinct clusters were selected. They
were gram varnished and used for further studies.
Screening for biosurfactant creation
Isolated clusters were obtained in sample and tested
for their biosurfactant production by the following
methods:
Qualitative methods
A. Blood hemolysis test
Bacterial cultures were spot enclosed on to
superimposed blood agar (SIBA) plates and fostered
at 30o
C for 48hrs. The plates were visually remarked
for hemolysis around the settlement. The diameter of
the purestructure was recorded. It is a qualitative
signal of biosurfactant production.
B. Oil displacement assay and Emulsification
assay
100 ml of MSM stockholding sunflower oil 1% (v/v)
was inoculated with 1% substance (0.08 OD at
540nm) of the isolates showing β hemolysis and
incubated at 30oC at 200rpm for 7 days. After
incubation stock was moved at 8000rpm at 4oC for
15 minutes. Supernatant was utilized for following
screening procedures:
Oil displacement assay
20ml of water was kept inPetri dish and 20µl of
sunflower oil was supplemented the surface of the
water. 10µl of cell free cultivation victuals was then
added to the oil surface. Contiguous oil displacement
is the indicator of biosurfactant creation. Distilled
water and Tween-20 were used as negative and
positive controlsseverally.
Emulsification assay
1ml of cell free culture victuals was added to 5ml of
50mM-Tris buffer at pH 7. 2ml of sunflower oil was
added to this mixture and stream for 2 mins and
nurtured at room temperature for 24 hrs.
Emulsification was evaluated as E24
(emulsificationafter 24hrs).
Distilled water and Tween-20 were used as negative
and positive ensures severally.
C. CTAB agar plate method
This is semi valued assay to detect creation of anionic
biosurfactant. CTAB agar plate were inclined by
appending N, N, N-trimethyl ammonium
bromide(0.5mg/ml) and plain dye methylene blue
(0.2mg/ml) in MSM with 2% glycerol as a carbon
foundation. Cultures were pointenclosed on CTAB
agar plates at 30o
C for 4-5 days. If an anionic
biosurfactant isreleased by microbes producing on the
plate they form ion match with CTAB and methylene
blue yielding dark blue halos. Which can be detected
under UV trans illuminator.
D. Foaming activity
Assorts were enclosed in nutrient stock and incubated
at 30o
C at 200rpm for 72 hrs. Foam produced in
enclosed nutrient stock after 72hrs can be used as an
indicator for constituent production of biosurfactant
even in the deficiency of hydrophobic substrate.
Quantitative method
Measurement of surface tension
100ml of MSM stockincluding sunflower oil 1% (v/v)
was enclosed with 1% substance (0.08 OD at 540nm)
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD46276 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2021 Page 2311
of insulates showing β hemolysis and altered at 30oC
at 200rpm for 7 days. After incubation, stock was
centrifuged at 8000rpm at 4o
C for 15 mins. Surface
tension of supernatant was evaluated by surface
tensiometer based on Wilhemy principle and matched
with uninoculatedstock. The results were conveyed in
mill newton per meter (mN/m). The surface activity
of the biosurfactant was denoted in terms of
percentage fall in surface tension which was
calculated by the subsequent formula,
Percentage of the reduction in Surface tension
(%)
ɣm = surface tension of uninoculated control
component and
ɣc = surface tension of measurement supernatant
Identification of Potent Biosurfactant Producer
Discrimination showing highest action was identified
settled on 16srRNA analysis. Gene sequencing was
executed at Metropolis, India to recognize the isolate.
Genomic DNA was educed from isolated bacterial
settlement by using commercial kit. PCR was carried
out utilizing the universal primers such as XB4 (10
pm/ µl) and PSL (10 pm/ µl). 2X KAPA Mix included
KAPA Taq DNA polymerase (1U/50 µl), KAPA Taq
cache, dNTPs (0.2 mm of each dNTP at 1X), MgCl2
(1.5 mm at 1X) and Preservative 3 µl of extracted
DNA and HPLC rank water. ProFlex PCR
arrangement was used for PCR with the following
cycle sequence, 30 cycles of 95 ºC for 30
seconds,95ºC for 5 minutes, 60 ºC for 30 seconds, 72
ºC for 45 seconds and final elongation was carried out
at 72 ºC for 7 minutes and sample was detained at
4ºC. Total volume of reaction substance contained5X
Sequencing buffer 1.75 µl, HPLC mark water, primer
XB4 (3.33 pm/ µl),Big Dye Terminator
v3.1(Sequencing RR mix) 0.5 µl, PCR product 0.3 µl
(3-5ng).Total substance volume was impacted to
sequencing PCR, which comprised of stage 1, 96ºC
for 3 minutes, 25 cycles of stage 2 - 96ºC for 10
seconds, 50º C for 5 seconds, 60ºC for 1 minute and
finally held at 4ºC.
Finally the product was laden on sequence-3500DX
Genetic unit for Sanger sequencing and so DNA
sequence was linked with NCBI GenBank entries by
applying BLAST algorithm.
Results and Discussions
39 different oil degrading bacterial assorts were
isolated from soil tainted with hydrocarbon. All the
classified strains were then examined for their ability
to make biosurfactant. Biosurfactant evolving strain
of Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 7925 was utilized
as a positive mechanism. More than one examining
procedures were applied for studying the manufacture
of biosurfactant by assorts.
Out of 39 isolated values 14 were detected gram
positive and 25 were detected gram negative. As
shown in in table 1, 12 strains examined positive for β
hemolysis. In this study hemolytic attribute was used
as a primary measure for biosurfactant production
because biosurfactant being surfactant in nature
induces form change in RBC’s resulting in lysis
which can be found as a zone of clearance over the
colony. The chemical action of biosurfactants was
firstset off by Avigad and Bernheimer who detectedh
emolysis of RBC’s by biosurfactant made by B.
subtilis. Carrillo et al invented blood agar lysis as a
primary technique to examine of biosurfactant
production. None of the studies in the profession
reported non hemolytic attribute of biosurfactant.
However, hemolysis does not perpetually mean
biosurfactant production chemicals other than
biosurfactants may induce hemolysis.
Hence in the present study in accumulation to
hemolysis test, oil transposition assay, emulsification
assay, foaming action and surface tension capacities
were included to confirm biosurfactant creation.
To confirm the biosurfactant creation by hemolytic
strains oil transposition assay was applied. Morikawa
covered that the area of oil transposition directly
correlates to the sum of the biosurfactant in the
solvent. However, in this study oil transposition assay
was applied as qualitative measure to check
occurrence of biosurfactant.
Out of 12 hemolytic strains, 8 strains verified positive
for oil transposition assay. Principle of this method is
based on the capacity of biosurfactant to modify the
contact angle at water oil surface.
Biosurfactant creation by assorts was further
corroborated by emulsification assay. All the strains
showing oil transposition were found to give
emulsification thru sunflower oil in emulsification
assay once 24hrs.
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Table 1: Hemolysis results
Sr.
No.
Isolate name
Type of
hemolysis
Zone of
clearance in
mm
Sr.
No.
Isolate name
Type of
hemolysis
Zone of
clearance
in mm
1. DPSS1 ɣ - 21. AN41 ɣ -
2. DPSS2 β 25 22. AN51 β -
3. DPSS3 ɣ - 23. AN61 β 22
4. DPSS4 ɣ - 24. AN62 ɣ 13
5. DPSS5 β 30 25. MSSD1 ɣ -
6. SWSF1 β 35 26. NS1 β 18
7. SWSF2 β 35 27. LP1 β 13
8. SWSF3 β 35 28. LP2 ɣ -
9. MPSS1 ɣ - 29. LP3 ɣ -
10. MPSS2 ɣ - 30. LP4 ɣ -
11. MPSS3 ɣ - 31. LP5 ɣ -
12. MPSS4 ɣ - 32. LP6 ɣ -
13. KSS1 ɣ - 33. LP7 ɣ -
14. KSS2 β 30 34. LP85A β 20
15. KSS3 ɣ - 35. LP820bX β 21
16. KSS4 ɣ - 36. LP9 β 22
17. AN31 ɣ - 37. LP10 ɣ -
18. AN32 ɣ - 38. LP11 ɣ -
19. AN41 ɣ - 39. LP12 ɣ -
20. ANB ɣ - 40.
P.aerugin osa
MTCC 7925
β 28
Results shown in table 2. Extremum emulsification was detected in case of SWSF1 strain
To find out if biosurfactant made by isolates is anionic in type CTAB agar plate technique was used. Dark blue
halos was detected around only colonies of 3 assorts namely SWSF1, SWSF2, SWSF3 out of 8 assorts which
indicates that SWSF1, SWSF2, SWSF3 formed anionic biosurfactant such as rhamnolipid. For the simpler
detection of halos, plates were detected under UV trans illuminator. Rhamnolipid presence an anionic
biosurfactant can form a complex with the cationic compounds (CTAB) that were recognized by the
development of dark blue areas across colonies on the agar plates as presented in figure 1 and 2.
Essential manufacture of biosurfactant was determined by observing foam in enclosed nutrient broth after 72hrs
of activity. After phase the enclosed nutrient stock with 8 positive values flasks were hand stirred and foam was
detected as shown in figure 3 and 4. All the cultures were found to yield foam after 72 hrsexcluding LP820BX
and LP85A. Foam stability was also tested for and detected that foam formed by three SWSF strains was steady
for more than 3days as shown in figure 5 and via two AN strains was steady upto 2 days as shown in figure 6.
Table 2: Emulsification activity of the assorts
Sr. no. Test cultures E24 %
1. AN51 29.89
2. AN61 28.78
3. SWSF1 37.77
4. SWSF2 28.88
5. SWSF3 33.33
6. KSS2 32.50
7. LP820BX 27.88
8. LP85A 28.09
9. P. aeruginosa MTCC 7925 33.00
10. POSITIVE CONTROL (Tween20) 65
11. NEGATIVE CONTROL (distilled water) -
Foaming action is tested to find the value’scapacity to produce biosurfactant even in the lack of hydrophobic
substrates i.e. constitutively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 7925 was also verified as a positive mechanism.
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Figure 1. Colonies growing on CTAB agar plate
presenting dark blue precipitation outline.
Figure 2. Fluorescence across colonies on
CTAB agar plate below UV trans illuminator.
Figure 3. Foam produced in enclosed nutrient
broth after 3 days of incubation.
Figure 4. Foam stability of three SWSF and
one KSS2 values after 3 days.
Figure 5. Foam created in enclosed nutrient broth
after 3 days of incubation.
Figure 6. Foam constancy of the two AN
culture and P. aeruginosa MTCC 7925 after 2
days.
After all the qualitative experiments, the quantitative test centered on surface tension measurement was
conceded by dynamic surface tensiometer supported by Wilhemy principle. To test and select the concentrated
biosurfactant manufacturer among all the positive values surface tension of spent stock was measured.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 7925 was also tested as a positive mechanism.
SWSF1 was detected at lower the surface tension of MSM media by 31.14% which was maximum among the
proposed biosurfactant producing assorts.
The results of testing frequently proved the biosurfactant manufacturing property of the isolate. The potent
biosurfactant constructing classify belonged to the genus Pseudomonas. The 16S rRNA evaluation alignment
shows that the distort SWSF1 was closely interrelated to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Percentage Reduction in
Surface Tension (%)
3
5
3
0
2
5
Series
Isolate
Percentage
reduction
in
surface
tension
(%)
AN51
AN61
KSS2
LP85A
LP820B
X
SWSF1
SWSF2
SWSF3
P.
aeruginosa
Figure 7 Percentage reductions in surface tension of media by the isolates.
Conclusions
In this study bacteria capacity of developing
biosurfactant for the solubilization of hydrocarbon
were classified. Bacteria were examined qualitatively
and quantitatively for their ability to develop the
biosurfactant. Among 39 isolates examined, SWSF1
gave the maximum decrease in the surface tension of
media by 32%. In similitude to all the isolates SWSF1
generated more biosurfactant. Isolated variant of
Pseudomonas was found to develop more
biosurfactant as associated to the standard
biosurfactant producing strain of Pseudomonas
aeruginosa MTCC 7925. CTAB assay was utilized to
detect the existence of anionic biosurfactant as
rhamnolipid. SWSF1 pointedchemical reaction over
the colony which indicate the capability of the
bacterium to develop rhamnolipid. As this bacteria
gave richproductions, it can be possible to use this
isolate for the industrial production of rhamnolipid. It
can be a generator of rhamnose which is valuable
sugar. Foaming action also uncovered the potential of
the bacterium to yield the biosurfactant even in the
lack of hydrophobic substrates which has an imparted
advantage in case of industrial manufacture of
rhamnolipid.
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