Skip to main content
UploadLanguage (EN)Support
BusinessMobileSocial MediaMarketingTechnologyArt & PhotosCareerDesignEducationPresentations & Public SpeakingGovernment & NonprofitHealthcareInternetLawLeadership & ManagementAutomotiveEngineeringSoftwareRecruiting & HRRetailSalesServicesScienceSmall Business & EntrepreneurshipFoodEnvironmentEconomy & FinanceData & AnalyticsInvestor RelationsSportsSpiritualNews & PoliticsTravelSelf ImprovementReal EstateEntertainment & HumorHealth & MedicineDevices & HardwareLifestyle
Pranesh Kumar, profile picture
Uploaded byPranesh Kumar
PPTX, PDF14,107 views

SCREENING OF ANALGESICS & ANTIPYRETIC

The document discusses the screening methods for analgesics and antipyretics, detailing various classifications including narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics. It outlines experimental procedures for determining the efficacy of analgesics in animals using methods such as the tail clip, hot plate, and writhing tests. Additionally, it includes references to other relevant literature on the topic.

Education◦
Downloaded 356 times
SCREENING OF ANALGESICS & ANTIPYRETIC
 INTRODUCTION  CLASSIFICATION  SCREENING OF NARCOTIC ANALGESIC  SCREENING OF NON-NORCOTIC ANALGESIC  SCREENING OF ANTIPYRETICS  REFERENCES
ANALGESICS: A drug that selectively relive pain by acting in the CNS and Peripheral pain mechanism without significantly altering consciousness.
ANALGESICS NARCOTICS NON- NORCONICS
Principle:- Record the response of an animals to a painful stimulus before and after administration of analgesics. Methods Mechanical Thermal Others
 Tail clip method:  Animals: Mice/Rats  Instruments: Artery clamp, stop watch  Group: 6-10 Mice  Test substances: 12.5mg/kg morphine HCl via s.c  Procedure: Test sensitivity of animal to artificial pain produced by clipping artery clamp(not exceeding 15 sec).
Administration of dose via s.c route Test sensitivity of animal to artificial pain at 30,60,90 min observed If no attempt to remove the clip is made during 15sec at one of the three observations Positive analgesic response
 Hot Plate Method:  Material  Animal: Mouse  Instrument: Hot plate analgesiometer  Painful stimulus: Heat (55°C)  Drug used: 0.63 mg/kg Morphine via s.c
Mice dropped on hot plate( 55°C) The reaction times taken i.e. at nearest fifth of second, 5min, 10min before drug administration(normal time) Drug administered s.c Reaction time taken at 10 , 20 , 30 , 45 , 60,90,120,180 and 240min The response considered positive when reaction time after drug administered is longer than 30 sec at least once Positive analgesic action
 Material  Animal: Mouse  Instrument: Tail-flick analgesiometer  Painful stimulus: Heat (by applying a beam of light 130°C)  Drug used: 4mg/kg Morphine hydrochloride via s.c route
 This test is designed to show morphine like properties in a drug.  Animals: Male rats  Procedure: Toxic dose of a drug was injected to the animals Peak effects are observed 0.5- 10.0 mg/kg nalorphine inj via i.v route Reduces the toxicity
 Animals: Grp of 20 mices.  Drugs used: 2,4,8mg/kg pethidine , Test substance (25% of LD₅₀).  Procedure: Grp of 20 mice are divided into half- groups of 10 for each of three doses of pethidine: 2,4,8mg/kg.  The other half given pethidine and test substance.  The percent analgesia is calculated with the aid of a thermal test.
 Writhing Method: Principle: The painful stimulus is induced by IP injection of an irritant substance (e.g.300mg/kg of 3% acetic acid) .
 Material  Animal: Mouse  Painful stimulus: Chemicals e.g.300mg/kg of 3% acetic acid  Drug used: NSAID e.g. Na salicylate  Procedure: Grp of 6 mice taken i.p inj of 300mg/kg of 3%acetic acid given Writhing observed(control)
Test substance given orally 15min prior to acetic acid Total no of stretching episodes observed for 20 min No of writhing observed is less compared control Positive analgesic action
Brewer’s yeast suspension method: Procedure: Taken rats avg wt (150-200gm) Body temp recorded by rectal thermometer 15% Brewer’s yeast + 0.9% saline sol inject rat subcutaneously & placed for 18 hrs. When body temp rises test drug given Record response at 30,60,120,180 min
Pullaiah T and Chennaiah E. Flora of Andhra Pradesh, 1st Edition, Vol I, Scientific publishers: 139, (1997). Madhavachetty K, Sivaji K and Tulasi RK. Flowering plants of chittoor district, 1st Edition, Students offset printers: 45, (2008). Meena KL, Yadav BL, Studies of ethnomedicinal plants by Garasia tribes of sirohi district, Rajasthan, India. Ind J of Nat Prod and Res, 1 (4): 500-506, (2010). Kokate C K. 20003. Practicals in Pharmacognosy, 1st Edition, Gyan offset printers: 107-111, (2003). Goyal RK and Shah BS. Practicals in Pharmacognosy, 5th edition, Nirali Prakashan: 128-55, (2001).
SCREENING OF ANALGESICS & ANTIPYRETIC