Scouring
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The document discusses scouring, which is a process used to remove natural and added impurities from cotton fibers. It involves treating cotton with alkaline solutions such as sodium hydroxide. This removes fats, waxes, pectins and proteins from the cotton and improves its absorbency. The document then describes various scouring methods and chemicals used, factors to consider in choosing methods, and industrial scouring practices using equipment like kiers and J-boxes.
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![SCOURING TREATMENT OF COTTON WITH ALKALINE SOLUTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/scouring-110708065609-phpapp01/85/Scouring-1-320.jpg)
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This document provides an overview of the effluent treatment process at Delta Knit Composite Ltd. It describes the various stages of ETP including screening, equalization, pH correction, aeration, sedimentation, sludge thickening, and effluent discharge. The key stages involve using bacteria to biologically treat 120 m3/hr of wastewater over 8 hours in an aeration tank, sedimentation to separate solids from treated water, and sludge thickening before partial recycled is returned to the aeration tank and the remainder is discharged. The multi-stage biological and physical separation process aims to treat industrial wastewater before discharge.
Term paper on bioenergy and biorefining process
This document describes the process for producing viscous rayon from poplar wood biomass. It involves two main processes:
1. Dissolving pulp production from 1000 kg of poplar wood using a prehydrolysis kraft pulping process to yield 300 kg of dissolving pulp with high cellulose content.
2. Viscous rayon manufacturing from the 300 kg dissolving pulp in a batch process involving steps like steeping, shredding, aging, xanthation, dissolving, ripening and spinning to produce 315 kg of 10% moisture viscous rayon filament.
Key aspects covered are the process descriptions, chemical reactions, mass balances, constraints like energy usage and costs, as well as
Development in finishing power point
The document discusses developments in eco-friendly finishes for cotton fabrics and garments. It describes how conventional cotton cultivation uses chemicals that pollute water, and introduces organic cotton cultivation methods. It also discusses naturally colored cotton cultivation to eliminate dyeing pollution. Various eco-friendly functional finishes are explained, including wrinkle-free finishes using polycarboxylic acids or silicone softeners instead of formaldehyde-based chemicals. The document provides details on application methods and quality control for eco-friendly finishes.
Development in finishing power point
The document discusses developments in eco-friendly finishes for cotton fabrics and garments. It outlines how conventional cotton cultivation and processing can be polluting, but identifies organic, natural and eco-friendly cottons. It also discusses polycarboxylic acids as promising eco-friendly alternatives to formaldehyde-based cross-linking agents for wrinkle-free finishes, though they are currently more expensive. The use of combinations of polycarboxylic acids may help reduce costs and environmental impacts in the future.
Development in finishing power point
The document discusses developments in eco-friendly finishes for cotton fabrics and garments. It describes how organic cotton cultivation eliminates the use of chemicals and how naturally colored cotton can be revived. It also discusses various eco-friendly functional finishes like wrinkle-free, softening, waterproof and stain resistant finishes. Polycarboxylic acids are mentioned as alternatives for formaldehyde-based wrinkle-free finishes, though they are expensive and can cause yellowing. Silicone softeners are also discussed as eco-friendly options.
Development in finishing power point
The document discusses developments in eco-friendly finishes for cotton fabrics and garments. It describes how conventional cotton cultivation uses chemicals that pollute water, and introduces organic cotton cultivation methods. It also discusses naturally colored cotton. For finishes, it focuses on wrinkle-free treatments and alternatives to formaldehyde-based cross-linking agents like polycarboxylic acids, and silicone-based softeners. The goal is to develop finishes that are durable yet cause minimal environmental pollution.
ZLD.ppt-Aquatech. Delhi 2015
Zero liquid discharge (ZLD) refers to systems that enable absolute recycling of treated wastewater and conversion of dissolved solids into solid residue through concentration and thermal evaporation. ZLD certification is based on water consumption, wastewater recycled, and solids recovered. Conventional ZLD uses multi-effect evaporation, but this requires high steam consumption. A new technology called polymeric film evaporation uses polymer films as the heat transfer surface, achieving lower operating costs than multi-effect evaporation through reduced steam and power usage. This polymeric film evaporation technology provides benefits like low maintenance and scaling resistance.
Synthetic fibre from corn
The document discusses the development of an eco-friendly synthetic fibre made from corn. It notes that depleting fossil fuels and environmental pollution present future challenges for textile production. Researchers developed a new biodegradable polyester fibre using corn as a renewable raw material. The fibre is produced through a process involving milling corn starch, fermenting it to lactic acid, producing an intermediate called lactide, and polymerizing lactide into polylactic acid fibres through ring opening polymerization. The resulting fibre has properties including rapid wicking, excellent hand feel and resilience, wrinkle resistance, and UV and stain resistance while being biodegradable.
Synthetic fibre from corn
The document discusses the development of an eco-friendly synthetic fibre made from corn. It notes that depleting fossil fuels and environmental pollution present future challenges for textile production. A new biodegradable polyester fibre has been developed from corn, which is a renewable resource. This fibre has properties suitable for textiles like silk-like or cotton-like qualities while being biodegradable and addressing issues with non-renewable and polluting traditional synthetic fibres.
Synthetic fibre from corn
The document discusses the development of an eco-friendly synthetic fibre made from corn. It notes that depleting fossil fuels and environmental pollution present future challenges for textile production. Researchers developed a new biodegradable polyester fibre using corn as a renewable raw material. The production process involves milling corn to extract starch, fermenting the starch to produce lactic acid, and polymerizing lactic acid to form polylactic acid fibres. The resulting fibre has properties ranging from silk-like to cotton-like qualities while being biodegradable.
Synthetic fibre from corn
The document discusses the development of an eco-friendly synthetic fibre made from corn. It notes that depleting fossil fuels and environmental pollution present future challenges for textile production. Researchers developed a new biodegradable polyester fibre using corn as a renewable raw material. The fibre is produced through a process involving milling corn starch, fermenting it to lactic acid, producing an intermediate called lactide, and polymerizing lactide into polylactic acid fibres through ring opening polymerization. The resulting fibre has properties including rapid wicking, excellent hand feel and resilience, wrinkle resistance, and UV and stain resistance while being biodegradable.
Synthetic fibre from corn
The document discusses the development of an eco-friendly synthetic fibre made from corn. It notes that depleting fossil fuels and environmental pollution present future challenges for textile production. Researchers developed a new biodegradable polyester fibre using corn as a renewable raw material. The production process involves milling corn to extract starch, fermenting the starch to produce lactic acid, and polymerizing lactic acid to form polylactic acid fibres. The resulting fibre has properties ranging from silk-like to cotton-like qualities while being biodegradable.
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3. digital printing technologies
The document discusses various digital printing technologies, focusing on inkjet printing methods. It describes two main inkjet technologies: continuous inkjet (CIJ) and drop on demand (DOD). CIJ uses a continuous stream of ink broken into droplets through pressure, while DOD only deposits ink droplets when needed in response to digital signals. Common DOD methods are thermal bubble jet and piezoelectric, while CIJ includes single and multiple jet systems using deflection plates or air jets. The document compares the advantages and disadvantages of each technology.
4. essential elements for inkjet printing
This document discusses the essential elements required for inkjet printing of textiles. It outlines the necessary hardware including computers, software, printers, and fabric pre-treatment machines. It also discusses ink requirements including formulations for different fiber types and extended color gamuts. Finally, it addresses challenges in commercializing the technology such as printing speeds and the need for post-treatments, while envisioning future possibilities like mass customization and integration with other technologies.
Dyeing of pet wool blends
This document discusses methods for high temperature dyeing of wool-polyester blends to minimize damage to the wool. It recommends using formaldehyde or similar agents to protect the wool at temperatures up to 120°C. Specific dyeing times and temperatures are provided for different levels of wool protection. One-bath and two-bath dyeing methods are described that allow deep shades while reducing staining of the wool component. Considerations for dye selection, recipes, and procedures are provided to optimize results while minimizing wool degradation.
Dyeing of cotton with vat dyes
This document summarizes the key properties and processes involved in dyeing cotton with vat dyes. Vat dyes are insoluble in water but can be converted to a water-soluble form through a process called vatting, which involves reducing the dye and forming a salt. Cotton is dyed by first converting the vat dye to its soluble form, dyeing the cotton, then reoxidizing the dye inside the fiber. The document outlines the chemical classes of vat dyes and the steps involved in vat dyeing cotton fabric using exhaust or continuous methods.
Dyeing of polyester
The document discusses various methods for dyeing polyester fibers, including:
1) Batch dyeing without carriers involves dyeing at a boil without additives to help penetration.
2) Carrier dyeing uses compounds to swell the fibers and allow deeper dye penetration.
3) High temperature, high pressure (HTHP) dyeing penetrates dye rapidly at 120-130°C without carriers.
4) Continuous thermosol dyeing involves padding, drying, and fixing dye within fibers at 190-220°C.
3. digital printing technologies
The document discusses various digital printing technologies, focusing on inkjet printing methods. It describes two main inkjet technologies: continuous inkjet (CIJ) and drop-on-demand (DOD). CIJ uses a continuous stream of ink broken into droplets through pressure, while DOD only deposits ink droplets when needed in response to digital signals. Common DOD methods are thermal bubble jet and piezoelectric, with the latter providing higher resolution and suitability for wider ranges of inks. The technologies each have advantages and limitations for different applications like textile printing.
93, 94 introduction to digital printing
This document compares and contrasts analog and digital printing technologies. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each, such as analog printing being better for mass production while digital is more suitable for variable, personalized, or short print runs. The document also examines factors to consider when choosing a printing method like image quality, production speed, and cost. Additionally, it describes how some systems combine analog and digital to leverage the strengths of both.
4. essential elements for inkjet printing
This document discusses the essential elements required for inkjet printing of textiles. It outlines the necessary hardware including computers, software, printers, and fabric pre-treatment machines. It also discusses ink requirements including formulations for different fiber types and extended color gamuts. Finally, it addresses challenges in commercializing the technology such as printing speeds and the future potential of digital printing for mass customization and integrated production systems.
Digital printing asian dyer extended version)
Digital printing offers several advantages over conventional analog printing methods for textiles. It allows for mass customization and quick turnaround due to minimal press setup times. Digital printing can change color schemes or designs in real time during production. It also produces less waste and has a lower environmental impact than screen printing. However, digital printing has lower throughput than analog methods and higher costs for long runs. It also requires specially coated substrates and has limitations in ink color options and opacity.
Dyeing of polyester
The document discusses various methods for dyeing polyester fibers, including:
1) Batch dyeing without carriers involves dyeing at a boil without additives to help penetration.
2) Carrier dyeing uses compounds to swell the fibers and allow deeper dye penetration.
3) High temperature, high pressure (HTHP) dyeing penetrates dye rapidly at over 120°C without carriers.
4) Continuous thermosol dyeing involves padding, drying, and fixing dye within fibers at 190-220°C.
Dyeing of pet wool blends
This document discusses methods for high temperature dyeing of wool-polyester blends to minimize damage to the wool. It recommends using formaldehyde or similar agents to protect the wool at temperatures up to 120°C. Specific dyeing times and temperatures are provided for different levels of wool protection. One-bath and two-bath dyeing methods are described that allow deep shades while reducing staining of the wool component. Post-treatment and troubleshooting steps are also outlined.
Dyeing of polyamide fibres
This document discusses the dyeing of polyamide fibers like wool, silk, and nylon. It explains the dyeing mechanisms and how the structure of polyamide fibers allows them to be dyed using different dye classes like acid dyes, chrome dyes, and reactive dyes depending on the desired properties like colorfastness. Factors like pH, temperature, and use of leveling agents affect dye uptake and uniformity. Different types of acid dyes provide varying colorfastness and are suitable for different applications depending on those properties.
Indroduction to printing
The document discusses different types of textile printing methods. It begins by distinguishing between dyeing and printing, noting that dyeing results in uniform coloration while printing applies color locally in designs. It then covers various printing styles like direct, resist, and discharge printing. The document concludes by describing common printing methods such as block, stencil, roller, screen, and digital printing.
General composition of print paste
The document summarizes the general composition and essential qualities of print pastes used in textile printing. Print pastes typically contain dyestuffs, thickeners, solvents, humectants, oxidizing agents, and defoaming agents. Thickeners are important for ensuring the print paste sinks into the fabric quickly and adheres properly after printing and drying. Other components like hydroscopic agents and pH controllers help facilitate dye fixation during steam treatment. Proper selection and balance of ingredients is necessary for achieving high quality, well-defined prints on fabrics.
Pigment printing
There are key differences between dye and pigment printing. Pigments have no affinity for fibers and are insoluble in water, requiring a binder to fix them onto fibers. Dyes have affinity for fibers and are water soluble. Pigment printing uses a binder that is an aqueous emulsion copolymer which polymerizes during curing to form a strong film embedding the pigment and adhering it to the fiber. Suitable thickeners for pigment printing are emulsion or synthetic thickeners which do not interact negatively with the binder. Emulsion thickeners are prepared using oil, water, emulsifiers and other agents, while synthetic thickeners are high molecular weight copolymers that thicken when
Indroduction to printing
The document discusses different types of textile printing methods. It distinguishes between dyeing and printing, noting that dyeing results in uniform coloration while printing applies color locally in designs. Printing uses an aqueous medium of high viscosity to prevent color from spreading. Common printing methods described include block, stencil, roller, screen, and digital printing. Resist and discharge styles of printing are also outlined.
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