5. Atomic Structure
ο All matter, even solids, contain mostly e m p t y
space.
Monday, July 9, 2012
6. Atomic Structure
ο All matter, even solids, contain mostly e m p t y
space.
ο How can this be?
Monday, July 9, 2012
7. Atomic Structure
ο All matter, even solids, contain mostly e m p t y
space.
ο How can this be?
ο Although there might be little or no space between
atoms, a lot of empty space lies within each atom.
Monday, July 9, 2012
9. Atomic Structure
ο At the center of every atom is a nucleus containing protons
and neutrons.
Monday, July 9, 2012
10. Atomic Structure
ο At the center of every atom is a nucleus containing protons
and neutrons.
ο The nucleus makes up most of the mass of an atom.
Monday, July 9, 2012
11. Atomic Structure
ο At the center of every atom is a nucleus containing protons
and neutrons.
ο The nucleus makes up most of the mass of an atom.
ο The rest of the atom is empty except for the atomβs electrons,
which are extremely small compared with the nucleus.
Monday, July 9, 2012
12. Atomic Structure
ο At the center of every atom is a nucleus containing protons
and neutrons.
ο The nucleus makes up most of the mass of an atom.
ο The rest of the atom is empty except for the atomβs electrons,
which are extremely small compared with the nucleus.
ο The exact location of an electron cannot be determined, the
electrons travel in an area around the nucleus called the
electron cloud.
Monday, July 9, 2012
17. WOW
οAtoms are extremely small.
οOne hydrogen atom is approximately
5x10-8mm in diameter.
Monday, July 9, 2012
18. WOW
οAtoms are extremely small.
οOne hydrogen atom is approximately
5x10-8mm in diameter.
οThink about a 1 mm line. It would take
_______ hydrogen atoms lined up
beside each other to make a line as long
as the mark.
Monday, July 9, 2012
19. WOW
οAtoms are extremely small.
οOne hydrogen atom is approximately
5x10-8mm in diameter.
οThink about a 1 mm line. It would take
_______ hydrogen atoms lined up
beside each other to make a line as long
as the mark.
ο20 million!!!!
Monday, July 9, 2012
22. Electrons and
Our Solar System
ο Planets orbit the sun, just as electrons orbit the
nucleus of an atom.
Monday, July 9, 2012
23. Electrons and
Our Solar System
ο Planets orbit the sun, just as electrons orbit the
nucleus of an atom.
ο Some differences between electrons and plants are:
Monday, July 9, 2012
24. Electrons and
Our Solar System
ο Planets orbit the sun, just as electrons orbit the
nucleus of an atom.
ο Some differences between electrons and plants are:
ο Planets do not have a charge, electrons are negatively
charged
Monday, July 9, 2012
25. Electrons and
Our Solar System
ο Planets orbit the sun, just as electrons orbit the
nucleus of an atom.
ο Some differences between electrons and plants are:
ο Planets do not have a charge, electrons are negatively
charged
ο Planets orbits are predictable, electron orbits are not
as predictable.
Monday, July 9, 2012
27. Element Structure
ο Each element has a
different atomic
structure and a different
number of protons,
neutrons, and electrons.
11
Monday, July 9, 2012
28. Element Structure
ο Each element has a
different atomic
structure and a different
number of protons,
neutrons, and electrons.
ο The number of protons
and electrons is always
the same for a neutral
atom.
11
Monday, July 9, 2012
30. Electron Energy
ο All electrons in an atom are somewhere in the electron
cloud.
Monday, July 9, 2012
31. Electron Energy
ο All electrons in an atom are somewhere in the electron
cloud.
ο Some electrons are closer to the nucleus than others.
Monday, July 9, 2012
32. Electron Energy
ο All electrons in an atom are somewhere in the electron
cloud.
ο Some electrons are closer to the nucleus than others.
ο The different areas for an electron in an atom are called
energy levels.
Monday, July 9, 2012
33. Electron Energy
ο All electrons in an atom are somewhere in the electron
cloud.
ο Some electrons are closer to the nucleus than others.
ο The different areas for an electron in an atom are called
energy levels.
ο Each level represents a different amount of energy and
can hold a certain number of electrons.
Monday, July 9, 2012
34. Electron Energy
ο All electrons in an atom are somewhere in the electron
cloud.
ο Some electrons are closer to the nucleus than others.
ο The different areas for an electron in an atom are called
energy levels.
ο Each level represents a different amount of energy and
can hold a certain number of electrons.
ο The farther an energy level is from the nucleus, the more
electrons it can hold.
Monday, July 9, 2012
39. Energy Steps
ο Energy Level 1 has the lowest amount of energy.
Monday, July 9, 2012
40. Energy Steps
ο Energy Level 1 has the lowest amount of energy.
ο Electrons furthest away have the most energy.
Monday, July 9, 2012
41. Energy Steps
ο Energy Level 1 has the lowest amount of energy.
ο Electrons furthest away have the most energy.
ο Electrons furthest away are the easiest to remove.
Monday, July 9, 2012
42. Energy Steps
ο Energy Level 1 has the lowest amount of energy.
ο Electrons furthest away have the most energy.
ο Electrons furthest away are the easiest to remove.
ο How many electrons can occupy an energy level?
Monday, July 9, 2012
43. Energy Steps
ο Energy Level 1 has the lowest amount of energy.
ο Electrons furthest away have the most energy.
ο Electrons furthest away are the easiest to remove.
ο How many electrons can occupy an energy level?
ο Use 2n2 (n represents the energy level).
Monday, July 9, 2012
45. Magnets & Paper Clips
Removing electrons that are closer to the nucleus takes more
energy than removing ones that are further away.
Monday, July 9, 2012
48. Removing Part
of the Balloon
What is being removed from
the balloons atoms?
Monday, July 9, 2012
49. Removing Part
of the Balloon
What is being removed from
the balloons atoms?
Electrons
Monday, July 9, 2012
50. Removing Part
of the Balloon
What is being removed from
the balloons atoms?
Electrons
From what energy level?
Monday, July 9, 2012
51. Removing Part
of the Balloon
What is being removed from
the balloons atoms?
Electrons
From what energy level?
Highest energy level
Monday, July 9, 2012
54. Our Wonderful and Perfect
Periodic Table
ο Horizontal Rows are called periods
21
Monday, July 9, 2012
55. Our Wonderful and Perfect
Periodic Table
ο Horizontal Rows are called periods
Period 1
21
Monday, July 9, 2012
56. Our Wonderful and Perfect
Periodic Table
ο Horizontal Rows are called periods
Period 1
Period 2
21
Monday, July 9, 2012
57. Our Wonderful and Perfect
Periodic Table
ο Horizontal Rows are called periods
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
21
Monday, July 9, 2012
58. Our Wonderful and Perfect
Periodic Table
ο Vertical Rows are called Groups or Families
22
Monday, July 9, 2012
59. Our Wonderful and Perfect
Periodic Table
ο Vertical Rows are called Groups or Families
Group
1
22
Monday, July 9, 2012
60. Our Wonderful and Perfect
Periodic Table
ο Vertical Rows are called Groups or Families
Group Group
1 2
22
Monday, July 9, 2012
61. Our Wonderful and Perfect
Periodic Table
ο Vertical Rows are called Groups or Families
Group Group Group
1 2 3
22
Monday, July 9, 2012
62. Our Wonderful and Perfect
Periodic Table
ο Vertical Rows are called Groups or Families
Group Group Group Group
1 2 3 4
22
Monday, July 9, 2012
63. Our Wonderful and Perfect
Periodic Table
ο Vertical Rows are called Groups or Families
Group Group Group Group Group
1 2 3 4 5
22
Monday, July 9, 2012
64. Our Wonderful and Perfect
Periodic Table
ο Vertical Rows are called Groups or Families
Group Group Group Group Group Group
1 2 3 4 5 6
22
Monday, July 9, 2012
65. Our Wonderful and Perfect
Periodic Table
ο Vertical Rows are called Groups or Families
Group Group Group Group Group Group Group
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
22
Monday, July 9, 2012
66. Our Wonderful and Perfect
Periodic Table
ο Vertical Rows are called Groups or Families
Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
22
Monday, July 9, 2012
68. Our Wonderful and Perfect
Periodic Table
ο Remember that the number of protons and
electrons are the same in a neutral atom (which
is what is represented on the periodic table).
Monday, July 9, 2012
69. Our Wonderful and Perfect
Periodic Table
ο Remember that the number of protons and
electrons are the same in a neutral atom (which
is what is represented on the periodic table).
ο The number of electrons increases by one as
you move across the period.
Monday, July 9, 2012
72. Our Wonderful and Perfect
Periodic Table
ο A few things to notice....
Monday, July 9, 2012
73. Our Wonderful and Perfect
Periodic Table
ο A few things to notice....
ο Groups 3-12 are not pictured.
Monday, July 9, 2012
74. Our Wonderful and Perfect
Periodic Table
ο A few things to notice....
ο Groups 3-12 are not pictured.
ο Group 18 is complete, it is full. It has _____ electrons.
Monday, July 9, 2012
75. Our Wonderful and Perfect
Periodic Table
ο Hydrogen is usually
considered separately,
so the first element
family begins with
lithium and sodium in
the first column.
26
Monday, July 9, 2012
77. Our Wonderful and Perfect
Periodic Table
ο Human family members often have similar looks
and traits.
Monday, July 9, 2012
78. Our Wonderful and Perfect
Periodic Table
ο Human family members often have similar looks
and traits.
ο Also, members of element families have similar
properties, chemical properties, because they
have the same number of electrons in their outer
energy levels.
Monday, July 9, 2012
79. Our Wonderful and Perfect
Periodic Table
ο It was the repeating pattern of properties that
gave Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev the idea
for his first periodic table in 1869.
Monday, July 9, 2012
82. Why so Noble,
Group 18?
ο Noble Gases have energy levels that are complete. They have
8 electrons in their outer energy levels.
Monday, July 9, 2012
83. Why so Noble,
Group 18?
ο Noble Gases have energy levels that are complete. They have
8 electrons in their outer energy levels.
ο Do not combine well with other elements β originally thought
they would not combine at all, but they will on rare occasion.
Monday, July 9, 2012
84. Why so Noble,
Group 18?
ο Noble Gases have energy levels that are complete. They have
8 electrons in their outer energy levels.
ο Do not combine well with other elements β originally thought
they would not combine at all, but they will on rare occasion.
ο Because they are so stable they are used to protect filaments in
light bulbs.
Monday, July 9, 2012
85. Why so Noble,
Group 18?
ο Noble Gases have energy levels that are complete. They have
8 electrons in their outer energy levels.
ο Do not combine well with other elements β originally thought
they would not combine at all, but they will on rare occasion.
ο Because they are so stable they are used to protect filaments in
light bulbs.
ο Also used as to produce coloured lights in signsβ¦electricity
causes the noble gases to emit a certain colour light.
Neon β orange/red; Argon β lavender; Helium β yellowish
white
Monday, July 9, 2012
88. Halogens From Halifax
(Group 17)
ο Halogens only need one more electron, so they are ver y
reactive.
Monday, July 9, 2012
89. Halogens From Halifax
(Group 17)
ο Halogens only need one more electron, so they are ver y
reactive.
ο Fluorine is the most reactive because the electrons are so
close to nucleus.
Monday, July 9, 2012
90. Halogens From Halifax
(Group 17)
ο Halogens only need one more electron, so they are ver y
reactive.
ο Fluorine is the most reactive because the electrons are so
close to nucleus.
ο Remember that when electrons are close to the nucleus,
there is a stronger pull from the protons.
Monday, July 9, 2012
94. Halogens From Halifax
(Group 17)
ο The further you go down group 17, the
reactivities decrease.
Monday, July 9, 2012
95. Halogens From Halifax
(Group 17)
ο The further you go down group 17, the
reactivities decrease.
ο This is because there is more energy levels,
and so the electrons are further away from the
pull of the protons.
Monday, July 9, 2012
99. Alkali Metals Have
One Extra Petal
(Group 1)
ο Alkali Metals have one electron in outer most
energy level.
Monday, July 9, 2012
100. Alkali Metals Have
One Extra Petal
(Group 1)
ο Alkali Metals have one electron in outer most
energy level.
ο This electron will be removed when alkali metals
reacts.
Monday, July 9, 2012
101. Alkali Metals Have
One Extra Petal
(Group 1)
ο Alkali Metals have one electron in outer most
energy level.
ο This electron will be removed when alkali metals
reacts.
ο The easier it is to remove an electron, the more
reactive the atom is.
Monday, July 9, 2012
103. Alkali Metals Have
One Extra Petal
(Group 1)
ο Reactivities increase as you go down
the group. Why?
Monday, July 9, 2012
104. Alkali Metals Have
One Extra Petal
(Group 1)
ο Reactivities increase as you go down
the group. Why?
ο Alkali metals want to give away one of
their electrons. That electron is further
away from the pull of the proton as
you move down group 1 in the
periodic table.
Monday, July 9, 2012
107. Electron Dot Diagrams
ο An electron dot diagram is the symbol
for the element surrounded by as many dots as
there are electrons in its outer energy level.
Monday, July 9, 2012
108. Electron Dot Diagrams
ο An electron dot diagram is the symbol
for the element surrounded by as many dots as
there are electrons in its outer energy level.
ο Only the outer energy level electrons are
shown because these are what determine how an
element can react.
Monday, July 9, 2012
110. Electron Dot Diagrams
ο Start by writing one dot on the top of the
element symbol
Monday, July 9, 2012
111. Electron Dot Diagrams
ο Start by writing one dot on the top of the
element symbol
ο Then work your way around, adding dots to the
right, bottom, and left.
Monday, July 9, 2012
112. Electron Dot Diagrams
ο Start by writing one dot on the top of the
element symbol
ο Then work your way around, adding dots to the
right, bottom, and left.
ο Add a fifth dot to the top to make a pair.
Monday, July 9, 2012
113. Electron Dot Diagrams
ο Start by writing one dot on the top of the
element symbol
ο Then work your way around, adding dots to the
right, bottom, and left.
ο Add a fifth dot to the top to make a pair.
ο Continue in this manner until you reach eight
dots to complete the level
Monday, July 9, 2012
