This Report is for the 3rd Period of Science Grade10 it has Menstrual Cycle Length and Changes, Dysmenorrhea, Fertilization and Pregnancy and lastly Breastfeeding This Report is for the 3rd Period of Science Grade10 it has Menstrual Cycle Length and Changes, Dysmenorrhea, Fertilization and Pregnancy and lastly BreastfeedingThis Report is for the 3rd Period of Science Grade10 it has Menstrual Cycle Length and Changes, Dysmenorrhea, Fertilization and Pregnancy and lastly BreastfeedingThis Report is for the 3rd Period of Science Grade10 it has Menstrual Cycle Length and Changes, Dysmenorrhea, Fertilization and Pregnancy and lastly BreastfeedingThis Report is for the 3rd Period of Science Grade10 it has Menstrual Cycle Length and Changes, Dysmenorrhea, Fertilization and Pregnancy and lastly BreastfeedingThis Report is for the 3rd Period of Science Grade10 it has Menstrual Cycle Length and Changes, Dysmenorrhea, Fertilization and Pregnancy and lastly BreastfeedingThis Report is for the 3rd Period of Science Grade10 it has Menstrual Cycle Length and Changes, Dysmenorrhea, Fertilization and Pregnancy and lastly BreastfeedingThis Report is for the 3rd Period of Science Grade10 it has Menstrual Cycle Length and Changes, Dysmenorrhea, Fertilization and Pregnancy and lastly BreastfeedingPregnancy begins at implantation, around 6-10 days after fertilization. The placenta forms, supporting embryo growth. Hormonal changes aid fetal development over 40 weeks, divided into trimesters. Physical and emotional changes occur in the mother. Pregnancy ends with childbirth, followed by a period of recovery and bonding for the mother and baby.The menstrual cycle typically lasts about 28 days, although it can vary from person to person. It consists of several phases, each characterized by hormonal changes and physiological events:
1. **Menstrual Phase (Days 1-5)**: The shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium), resulting in menstruation (bleeding). Estrogen and progesterone levels are low at the beginning of this phase.
2. **Follicular Phase (Days 1-14)**: The pituitary gland releases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which stimulates the development of follicles in the ovaries. One follicle matures and releases an egg (ovulation) around day 14. Estrogen levels rise during this phase, stimulating the thickening of the endometrium.
3. **Ovulation (Around Day 14)**: The mature follicle ruptures, releasing the egg into the fallopian tube. This typically occurs around day 14 of a 28-day cycle, but it can vary. Ovulation is triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH).
4. **Luteal Phase (Days 15-28)**: After ovulation, the ruptured follicle forms a structure called the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone. Progesterone levels rise, preparing the endometrium for possible implantation of a fertilized egg. If fertilization does not occur, estrogen and progesterone levels drop towards the end of this phase, leading to the shedding of the endometrium and
2. MENSTRUAL
CYCLE LENGTH
AND CHANGES
• The menstrual cycle is a
vital aspect of
reproductive health in
individuals with ovaries.
• It typically spans around
28 days, though
variations are common.
• This presentation will
delve into its phases and
associated hormonal and
physiological changes..
3. 1.) Menstrual Phase (Days 1-5):
• Event:
• Shedding of uterine lining (endometrium), resulting in
menstruation.
• Hormonal Status:
• Low estrogen and progesterone levels.
• Key Points:
• Initiates the menstrual cycle.
• Often accompanied by physical symptoms like cramping
and fatigue.
4. 2.) Follicular Phase (Days 1 - 14):
• Event:
• Development of follicles in the ovaries.
• Hormonal Regulation:
• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release from the
pituitary gland.
• Ovulation:
• Typically occurs around day 14, marked by the release of
an egg.
• Estrogen's Role:
• Stimulates thickening of the endometrium, preparing for
5. 3.) Ovulation (Around Day 14):
• Event:
• Release of a mature egg into the fallopian tube.
• Trigger:
• Surge in luteinizing hormone (LH).
• Key Timing:
• Often around day 14 of a 28-day cycle.
• Importance:
• Critical for fertility and conception.
6. 4.) Luteal phase (Days 15 - 28)
• Event:
• Formation of the corpus luteum after ovulation.
• Progesterone Production:
• Corpus luteum produces progesterone, vital for
maintaining the endometrium.
• Outcome:
• If fertilization doesn't occur, estrogen and progesterone
levels drop, leading to endometrial shedding.
8. DYSMENORRHEA
• Dysmenorrhea: Painful menstrual periods
• Two main types: Primary and Secondary
The pain is usually
located in the lower
abdomen and may
radiate to the inner
thighs and back.
9. PRIMARY
DYSMENORRHEA
• Most common type
• Occurs without underlying pelvic condition
• Typically begins within a few years after
menstruation onset
• Symptoms: Crampy pain, lower
abdominal pain, back pain, nausea,
diarrhea
10. SECONDARY
DYSMENORRHEA
• Caused by underlying condition
(endometriosis, fibroids, pelvic
inflammatory disease)
• Pain more severe, may worsen over times
• Starts later in life
• Symptoms: Heavy bleeding, irregular
periods
12. WHAT IS
FERTILIZATION?
Fertilization is when sperm and egg
unite to form a zygote, the first cell
of a new organism. It happens in
the fallopian tube after ovulation. If
sperm and egg meet, fertilization
occurs.
14. PREGNANCY
• Pregnancy begins at implantation, around 6-10
days after fertilization. The placenta forms,
supporting embryo growth. Hormonal changes
aid fetal development over 40 weeks, divided
into trimesters. Physical and emotional
changes occur in the mother. Pregnancy ends
with childbirth, followed by a period of recovery
and bonding for the mother and baby.
16. •Breastfeeding is feeding a baby with
breast milk, providing crucial
nutrients and antibodies for growth.
Recommended by health experts, it
offers benefits for both baby and
mother, including protection against
infections and promoting healthy
development.
17. •Breastfeeding fosters bonding with
the baby, aids postpartum recovery,
and reduces the risk of certain health
conditions for mothers.
Recommended exclusively for the
first six months, with continued
breastfeeding alongside
complementary foods for up to two
