BODY STRUCTURES THAT HELP ANIMALS ADAPT AND SURVIVE .pptxReymartMadriaga8
Animals have body structures that help them adapt to their environment. ADAPTATION is
the structure or behavior that helps an organism survive in its environment.
HABITAT is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of
animal, plant, or other type or organisms. Fish are covered with scales for protection from disease and
from other animals that live in water. Shrimps and lobsters are covered with outside skeleton or
exoskeleton while other animals like clams and mussels are covered with shells. Some animals are
covered with fur to keep them warm like monkey, lion, horse, and cheetah. Some animals that found in
the locality are carabao, cow, goat, dog and cat. Others are covered with feathers for flying like chicken,
eagle, peacock, and duck. Some have smooth skin for breathing like earthworm. Most body coverings
of animals are for protection.
Animals move differently depending on their habitat and their body structures. Some animals have
legs for walking and some have wings for flying. Animals that live on land move in different ways.
Some walk, hop and jump. Most animals that live in water swim. But some aquatic animals have legs,
too, for walking like crustaceans, shrimps, prawns, and crabs. Animals that can live both in water and
on land can either walk, hop, jump, or swim. Some animals used the following body structures to adapt
and survive: horns, tails, claws, paws, fangs, pincers, beaks, sticky tongue, movable jaws, sucking tubes,
and teeth.
These are the important information about the body structures that help animals adapt and survive
in their particular habitat.
This powerpoint presentation is all about weather disturbances. Here, we tackle thunderstorms, tropical cyclones, monsoons, ant the Intertropical Convergence Zone. I hope this will help you so much. Please comment about your ideas and... anything. Thank you for Viewing and Enjoy!!!
The male reproductive system consists of several organs, including the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and penis. The testes produce sperm cells and the hormone testosterone, while the other organs work together to support and transport the sperm during ejaculation.
The female reproductive system includes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina. The ovaries produce eggs and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. The fallopian tubes transport the released egg to the uterus where it can implant and develop into a fetus if fertilized by sperm. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina, which serves as the passageway for sexual intercourse and childbirth.
BODY STRUCTURES THAT HELP ANIMALS ADAPT AND SURVIVE .pptxReymartMadriaga8
Animals have body structures that help them adapt to their environment. ADAPTATION is
the structure or behavior that helps an organism survive in its environment.
HABITAT is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of
animal, plant, or other type or organisms. Fish are covered with scales for protection from disease and
from other animals that live in water. Shrimps and lobsters are covered with outside skeleton or
exoskeleton while other animals like clams and mussels are covered with shells. Some animals are
covered with fur to keep them warm like monkey, lion, horse, and cheetah. Some animals that found in
the locality are carabao, cow, goat, dog and cat. Others are covered with feathers for flying like chicken,
eagle, peacock, and duck. Some have smooth skin for breathing like earthworm. Most body coverings
of animals are for protection.
Animals move differently depending on their habitat and their body structures. Some animals have
legs for walking and some have wings for flying. Animals that live on land move in different ways.
Some walk, hop and jump. Most animals that live in water swim. But some aquatic animals have legs,
too, for walking like crustaceans, shrimps, prawns, and crabs. Animals that can live both in water and
on land can either walk, hop, jump, or swim. Some animals used the following body structures to adapt
and survive: horns, tails, claws, paws, fangs, pincers, beaks, sticky tongue, movable jaws, sucking tubes,
and teeth.
These are the important information about the body structures that help animals adapt and survive
in their particular habitat.
This powerpoint presentation is all about weather disturbances. Here, we tackle thunderstorms, tropical cyclones, monsoons, ant the Intertropical Convergence Zone. I hope this will help you so much. Please comment about your ideas and... anything. Thank you for Viewing and Enjoy!!!
The male reproductive system consists of several organs, including the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and penis. The testes produce sperm cells and the hormone testosterone, while the other organs work together to support and transport the sperm during ejaculation.
The female reproductive system includes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina. The ovaries produce eggs and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. The fallopian tubes transport the released egg to the uterus where it can implant and develop into a fetus if fertilized by sperm. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina, which serves as the passageway for sexual intercourse and childbirth.
The reproductive system is the human organ system responsible for the production and fertilization of gametes (sperm or eggs) and, in females, the carrying of a fetus. Both male and female reproductive systems have organs called gonads that produce gametes.
Human reproduction - A detailed study ( medical information)martinshaji
Human reproduction is any form of sexual reproduction resulting in human fertilization. It typically involves sexual intercourse between a man and a woman. During sexual intercourse, the interaction between the male and female reproductive systems results in fertilization of the woman's ovum by the man's sperm.
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Describe human male and female reproductive anatomies
Describe spermatogenesis and oogenesis and discuss their differences and similarities
Describe the role of hormones in human reproduction
Describe the roles of male and female reproductive hormone
The reproductive events in humans include formation of gametes (gametogenesis), i.e., sperms in males and ovum in females, transfer of sperms into the female genital tract (insemination) and fusion of male and female gametes (fertilisation) leading to formation of zygote.
this is a long study on all aspects of human reproduction & most asked questions about human reproductive system ( medical information ).
please comment
thank u
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
5. PARTS OFTHE MALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
-The organ where the Sperm
cells are produced
- It also produce – a hormone that
controls the development of a male
characteristics which includes facial hair,
deepening of voice, broadening of the
shoulders, and the ability to produce Sperms
6. PARTS OFTHE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
-The organ where the Sperm cells
are produced
7. PARTS OFTHE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
- A pouch of skin where the testes are located
that controls the temperature of the testes
8. PARTS OFTHE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
- A coiled part where the testes are attached.
This is where the sperms are stored
9. PARTS OFTHE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
-connects from the epididymis extends upward
into the abdominal cavity, where it joins the
urethra
10. PARTS OFTHE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
-Two small glands that store and produce the majority of the
fluid that makes up semen. During ejaculation, the fluid from
the seminal vesicles is expelled into the ejaculatory duct
where it can then move on to mix with sperm and other
reproductive fluids.
11. PARTS OFTHE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
- Produces a liquid that nourishes and protects
the sperm. In the form semen
12. -Fluid that is emitted from the male
reproductive tract and that
, which are capable of
fertilizing the female’s eggs. Semen
also contains liquids that combine to
form seminal plasma, which helps
keep the sperm cells active
PARTS OFTHE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
13. PARTS OFTHE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
.The urethra is more than just a
urinary duct; it also serves as a passageway for
semen and sperm during sexual acts.
- A tube that carries semen to the outside of the
body through the penis. Urine and Semen
(Whitish liquid containing sperms) is discharged
in the urethra
15. PARTS OFTHE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
- Is an elongated muscular organ full of blood vessels and
nerves. It is the external male organ that hangs in front of
the scrotum and is covered by the foreskin
17. TAKING CARE OFTHE MALE
REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN
Take a bath everyday
Always wear an underwear but not too tight
Make sure that the bathroom you always use is
clean
If there is a problem always consult your doctor
20. PARTS OFTHE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
-Responsible for producing egg cells.
-It also produces female hormones, and
Involved in the development of egg cells.
Triggers the development of some adult female
characteristics. A hormone that causes the hips to widen
and the breasts to develop.
Progesterone prepares the endometrium
for the potential of pregnancy after ovulation. It triggers
the lining to thicken to accept a fertilized egg. It also
prohibits the muscle contractions in the uterus that would
cause the body to reject an egg
22. PARTS OFTHE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
-The two fallopian tube leads into the
uterus.This is where the egg cell unites with
the sperm cell and that process is called
the union of a human egg and sperm.
The result of this union is the production of a zygote
cell, or fertilized egg, initiating prenatal
development.
24. PARTS OFTHE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
- It functions to nourish and house a
fertilized egg until the fetus, or offspring,
is ready to be delivered.
25. PARTS OFTHE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
-The function of the cervix is to allow flow of
menstrual blood from the uterus into the vagina,
and direct the sperms into the uterus during
intercourse.The opening of the cervical canal is
normally very narrow.
26. PARTS OFTHE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The vagina has 3 main functions:
1. Provides a passageway for blood and
mucosal tissue from the uterus during a
woman's monthly period.
2. Receives the penis during sexual
intercourse and holds the sperm until they
pass into the uterus.
3. Provides a passageway for childbirth.
Allows the exit of the baby
29. TAKING CARE OFTHE FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN
Take a bath everyday
Always wear an underwear
Make sure that the bathroom you always
use is clean
If there is a problem always consult your
doctor
30. SEX CELLS
-The function of the ovum is to carry the set of
chromosomes contributed by the female and create
the right environment to enable fertilization by the
sperm.
-Are gametes (sex cells) that are produced in the
testicular organ (gonad) of male human beings
and animals.
32. FUNCTIONS OFTHE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
is any form of sexual reproduction
resulting in human fertilization. It
typically involves sexual intercourse
between a man and a woman. During
sexual intercourse, the interaction
between the male and female
reproductive systems results in
of the woman's ovum by
the man's sperm.
33. FUNCTIONS OFTHE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
-Union of the male sex cell called
and a female sex cell called
The fertilized ovum develops into an and
continuous to grow in the females body. The
growing embryo is called a . When the fetus is
fully developed, it leaves the mother’s womb and a
is born