This document provides instructions for writing a thesis in Chinese. It discusses the 10 basic elements of a thesis: cover page, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, conclusions, acknowledgements, references, and appendix. It then breaks down each element and provides examples and recommendations. The key points covered are the structure of the cover page, how to write an abstract within 300 words that summarizes the purpose, methods, results and conclusions, and how to write an effective introduction that outlines the research topic, need for the research, past studies, purpose, methods, results and conclusions. Guidance is also given for writing the other sections. The document aims to help students understand the components of a thesis and how to effectively organize and
Two Different Approaches for NGOSS Process Modeling and SimulationIDES Editor
Modeling and simulation of the business processes
is an important task which helps make decisions for process
adjustments and improvements. This article describes and
compares two different approaches for business process
modeling and simulation in the field of telecommunications.
In this particular case we focus on the modeling and simulation
of the NGOSS Change Management process of one of the
major Czech service providers in telecommunications.
Generation and Optimization of Test cases for Object-Oriented Software Using ...cscpconf
The process of testing any software system is an enormous task which is time consuming and
costly. The time and required effort to do sufficient testing grow, as the size and complexity of
the software grows, which may cause overrun of the project budget, delay in the development of
software system or some test cases may not be covered. During SDLC (software development
life cycle), generally the software testing phase takes around 40-70% of the time and cost. Statebased
testing is frequently used in software testing. Test data generation is one of the key issues
in software testing. A properly generated test suite may not only locate the errors in a software
system, but also help in reducing the high cost associated with software testing. It is often
desired that test data in the form of test sequences within a test suite can be automatically generated to achieve required test coverage. This paper proposes an optimization approach to test data generation for the state-based software testing. In this paper, first state transition graph is derived from state chart diagram. Then, all the required information are extracted from the state chart diagram. Then, test cases are generated. Lastly, a set of test cases are minimized by calculating the node coverage for each test case. It is also determined that which test cases are covered by other test cases. The advantage of our test generation technique is that it optimizes test coverage by minimizing time and cost. The proposed test data generation scheme generates test cases which satisfy transition path coverage criteria, path coverage criteria and action coverage criteria. A case study on Automatic Ticket Machine ( ATM ) has been presented to illustrate our approach.
Multi-objective Optimization of PID Controller using Pareto-based Surrogate ...IJECEIAES
Most control engineering problems are characterized by several objectives, which have to be satisfied simultaneously. Two widely used methods for finding the optimal solution to such problems are aggregating to a single criterion, and using Pareto-optimal solutions. This paper proposed a Paretobased Surrogate Modeling Algorithm (PSMA) approach using a combination of Surrogate Modeling (SM) optimization and Pareto-optimal solution to find a fixed-gain, discrete-time Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller for a Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) Forced Circulation Evaporator (FCE) process plant. Experimental results show that a multi-objective, PSMA search was able to give a good approximation to the optimum controller parameters in this case. The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) method was also used to optimize the controller parameters and as comparison with PSMA.
1. CATEGORIES OF TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES
Recall reasons that both specification-based (black-box) and structure-based (white-box) approaches to test case design are useful, and list the common techniques for each. (K1)
this is a project guideline that student should follow when creating final year college project and should me meet all the the listed requirements for the project to be deemed proffesional
Two Different Approaches for NGOSS Process Modeling and SimulationIDES Editor
Modeling and simulation of the business processes
is an important task which helps make decisions for process
adjustments and improvements. This article describes and
compares two different approaches for business process
modeling and simulation in the field of telecommunications.
In this particular case we focus on the modeling and simulation
of the NGOSS Change Management process of one of the
major Czech service providers in telecommunications.
Generation and Optimization of Test cases for Object-Oriented Software Using ...cscpconf
The process of testing any software system is an enormous task which is time consuming and
costly. The time and required effort to do sufficient testing grow, as the size and complexity of
the software grows, which may cause overrun of the project budget, delay in the development of
software system or some test cases may not be covered. During SDLC (software development
life cycle), generally the software testing phase takes around 40-70% of the time and cost. Statebased
testing is frequently used in software testing. Test data generation is one of the key issues
in software testing. A properly generated test suite may not only locate the errors in a software
system, but also help in reducing the high cost associated with software testing. It is often
desired that test data in the form of test sequences within a test suite can be automatically generated to achieve required test coverage. This paper proposes an optimization approach to test data generation for the state-based software testing. In this paper, first state transition graph is derived from state chart diagram. Then, all the required information are extracted from the state chart diagram. Then, test cases are generated. Lastly, a set of test cases are minimized by calculating the node coverage for each test case. It is also determined that which test cases are covered by other test cases. The advantage of our test generation technique is that it optimizes test coverage by minimizing time and cost. The proposed test data generation scheme generates test cases which satisfy transition path coverage criteria, path coverage criteria and action coverage criteria. A case study on Automatic Ticket Machine ( ATM ) has been presented to illustrate our approach.
Multi-objective Optimization of PID Controller using Pareto-based Surrogate ...IJECEIAES
Most control engineering problems are characterized by several objectives, which have to be satisfied simultaneously. Two widely used methods for finding the optimal solution to such problems are aggregating to a single criterion, and using Pareto-optimal solutions. This paper proposed a Paretobased Surrogate Modeling Algorithm (PSMA) approach using a combination of Surrogate Modeling (SM) optimization and Pareto-optimal solution to find a fixed-gain, discrete-time Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller for a Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) Forced Circulation Evaporator (FCE) process plant. Experimental results show that a multi-objective, PSMA search was able to give a good approximation to the optimum controller parameters in this case. The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) method was also used to optimize the controller parameters and as comparison with PSMA.
1. CATEGORIES OF TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES
Recall reasons that both specification-based (black-box) and structure-based (white-box) approaches to test case design are useful, and list the common techniques for each. (K1)
this is a project guideline that student should follow when creating final year college project and should me meet all the the listed requirements for the project to be deemed proffesional
Minimal Testcase Generation for Object-Oriented Software with State Chartsijseajournal
Today statecharts are a de facto standard in industry for modeling system behavior. Test data generation is
one of the key issues in software testing. This paper proposes an reduction approach to test data generation
for the state-based software testing. In this paper, first state transition graph is derived from state chart
diagram. Then, all the required information are extracted from the state chart diagram. Then, test cases
are generated. Lastly, a set of test cases are minimized by calculating the node coverage for each test case.
It is also determined that which test cases are covered by other test cases. The advantage of our test
generation technique is that it optimizes test coverage by minimizing time and cost. The present test data
generation scheme generates test cases which satisfy transition path coverage criteria, path coverage
criteria and action coverage criteria. A case study on Railway Ticket Vending Machine (RTVM) has been
presented to illustrate our approach.
80
مبادرة
#تواصل_تطوير
المحاضرة الثمانون من المبادرة مع
المهندس / أحمد سعيد رفاعي
مدير مشاريع وباحث في ادارة المشروعات
بعنوان
" دورة حياة تقدير التكلفة بمشروعات التشييد "
الثامنة والنصف مساء توقيت مكة المكرمة
السابعة والنصف توقيت القاهرة
الإثنين 09 نوفمبر 2020
وذلك عبر تطبيق زووم
Meeting ID: 812 2771 3116
https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZUvde6vrzgrG9Jy6qAJj1lOuxbHoNJOE0H-
علما ان هناك بث مباشر للمحاضرة على وقناة يوتيوب
https://www.youtube.com/user/EEAchannal
للتواصل مع إدارة المبادرة عبر قناة تيليجرام
الرابط
https://t.me/EEAKSA
رابط اللينكدان والمكتبة الالكترونية
www.linkedin.com/company/eeaksa-egyptian-engineers-association/
رابط التسجيل العام للمحاضرات
https://forms.gle/vVmw7L187tiATRPw9
A TAXONOMY OF PERFORMANCE ASSURANCE METHODOLOGIES AND ITS APPLICATION IN HIGH...IJSEA
This paper presents a systematic approach to the complex problem of high confidence performance
assurance of high performance architectures based on methods used over several generations of industrial
microprocessors. A taxonomy is presented for performance assurance through three key stages of a product
life cycle-high level performance, RTL performance, and silicon performance. The proposed taxonomy
includes two components-independent performance assurance space for each stage and a correlation
performance assurance space between stages.
Configuration Navigation Analysis Model for Regression Test Case Prioritizationijsrd.com
Regression testing has been receiving increasing attention nowadays. Numerous regression testing strategies have been proposed. Most of them take into account various metrics like cost as well as the ability to find faults quickly thereby saving overall testing time. In this paper, a new model called the Configuration Navigation Analysis Model is proposed which tries to consider all stakeholders and various testing aspects while prioritizing regression test cases.
Code coverage based test case selection and prioritizationijseajournal
Regression Testing is exclusively executed to guarantee the desirable functionality of existing software
after pursuing quite a few amendments or variations in it. Perhaps, it testifies the quality of the modified
software by concealing the regressions or
software bugs in both functional and non
-
functional applications
of the system. In fact, the maintenance of test suite is enormous as it necessitates a big investment of time
and money on test cases on a large scale. So, minimizing the test suite becomes
the indispensable requisite
to lessen the budget on regression testing. Precisely, this research paper aspires to present an innovative
approach for the effective
selection and prioritization of test cases which in return may procure a maximum
code average
Plant wide control design based on steady-state combined indexesISA Interchange
This work proposes an alternative methodology for designing multi-loop control structures based on steady-state indexes and multi-objective combinatorial optimization problems. Indeed, the simultaneous selection of the controlled variables, manipulated variables, input-output pairing, and controller size and interaction degree is performed by using a combined index which relies on the sum of square deviations and the net load evaluation assessments in conjunction. This unified approach minimizes both the dynamic simulation burden and the heuristic knowledge requirements for deciding about the final optimal control structure. Further, this methodology allows incorporating structural modifications of the optimization problem context (degrees of freedom). The case study selected is the well-known Tennessee Eastman process and a set of simulations are given to compare this approach with early works.
This is the chapter 3 of ISTQB Advance Test Automation Engineer certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare content of certification.
This presentation was prepared by Ishara Amarasekera based on the paper, Model-Driven Testing with UML 2.0 by Zhen Ru Dai.
This presentation contains a summary of the content provided in this research paper and was presented as a paper discussion for the course, Software Quality in Computer Science.
A Unique Test Bench for Various System-on-a-Chip IJECEIAES
This paper discusses a standard flow on how an automated test bench environment which is randomized with constraints can verify a SOC efficiently for its functionality and coverage. Today, in the time of multimillion gate ASICs, reusable intellectual property (IP), and system-ona-chip (SoC) designs, verification consumes about 70 % of the design effort. Automation means a machine completes a task autonomously, quicker and with predictable results. Automation requires standard processes with welldefined inputs and outputs. By using this efficient methodology it is possible to provide a general purpose automation solution for verification, given today’s technology. Tools automating various portions of the verification process are being introduced. Here, we have Communication based SOC The content of the paper discusses about the methodology used to verify such a SOC-based environment. Cadence Efficient Verification Methodology libraries are explored for the solution of this problem. We can take this as a state of art approach in verifying SOC environments. The goal of this paper is to emphasize the unique testbench for different SOC using Efficient Verification Constructs implemented in system verilog for SOC verification.
Minimal Testcase Generation for Object-Oriented Software with State Chartsijseajournal
Today statecharts are a de facto standard in industry for modeling system behavior. Test data generation is
one of the key issues in software testing. This paper proposes an reduction approach to test data generation
for the state-based software testing. In this paper, first state transition graph is derived from state chart
diagram. Then, all the required information are extracted from the state chart diagram. Then, test cases
are generated. Lastly, a set of test cases are minimized by calculating the node coverage for each test case.
It is also determined that which test cases are covered by other test cases. The advantage of our test
generation technique is that it optimizes test coverage by minimizing time and cost. The present test data
generation scheme generates test cases which satisfy transition path coverage criteria, path coverage
criteria and action coverage criteria. A case study on Railway Ticket Vending Machine (RTVM) has been
presented to illustrate our approach.
80
مبادرة
#تواصل_تطوير
المحاضرة الثمانون من المبادرة مع
المهندس / أحمد سعيد رفاعي
مدير مشاريع وباحث في ادارة المشروعات
بعنوان
" دورة حياة تقدير التكلفة بمشروعات التشييد "
الثامنة والنصف مساء توقيت مكة المكرمة
السابعة والنصف توقيت القاهرة
الإثنين 09 نوفمبر 2020
وذلك عبر تطبيق زووم
Meeting ID: 812 2771 3116
https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZUvde6vrzgrG9Jy6qAJj1lOuxbHoNJOE0H-
علما ان هناك بث مباشر للمحاضرة على وقناة يوتيوب
https://www.youtube.com/user/EEAchannal
للتواصل مع إدارة المبادرة عبر قناة تيليجرام
الرابط
https://t.me/EEAKSA
رابط اللينكدان والمكتبة الالكترونية
www.linkedin.com/company/eeaksa-egyptian-engineers-association/
رابط التسجيل العام للمحاضرات
https://forms.gle/vVmw7L187tiATRPw9
A TAXONOMY OF PERFORMANCE ASSURANCE METHODOLOGIES AND ITS APPLICATION IN HIGH...IJSEA
This paper presents a systematic approach to the complex problem of high confidence performance
assurance of high performance architectures based on methods used over several generations of industrial
microprocessors. A taxonomy is presented for performance assurance through three key stages of a product
life cycle-high level performance, RTL performance, and silicon performance. The proposed taxonomy
includes two components-independent performance assurance space for each stage and a correlation
performance assurance space between stages.
Configuration Navigation Analysis Model for Regression Test Case Prioritizationijsrd.com
Regression testing has been receiving increasing attention nowadays. Numerous regression testing strategies have been proposed. Most of them take into account various metrics like cost as well as the ability to find faults quickly thereby saving overall testing time. In this paper, a new model called the Configuration Navigation Analysis Model is proposed which tries to consider all stakeholders and various testing aspects while prioritizing regression test cases.
Code coverage based test case selection and prioritizationijseajournal
Regression Testing is exclusively executed to guarantee the desirable functionality of existing software
after pursuing quite a few amendments or variations in it. Perhaps, it testifies the quality of the modified
software by concealing the regressions or
software bugs in both functional and non
-
functional applications
of the system. In fact, the maintenance of test suite is enormous as it necessitates a big investment of time
and money on test cases on a large scale. So, minimizing the test suite becomes
the indispensable requisite
to lessen the budget on regression testing. Precisely, this research paper aspires to present an innovative
approach for the effective
selection and prioritization of test cases which in return may procure a maximum
code average
Plant wide control design based on steady-state combined indexesISA Interchange
This work proposes an alternative methodology for designing multi-loop control structures based on steady-state indexes and multi-objective combinatorial optimization problems. Indeed, the simultaneous selection of the controlled variables, manipulated variables, input-output pairing, and controller size and interaction degree is performed by using a combined index which relies on the sum of square deviations and the net load evaluation assessments in conjunction. This unified approach minimizes both the dynamic simulation burden and the heuristic knowledge requirements for deciding about the final optimal control structure. Further, this methodology allows incorporating structural modifications of the optimization problem context (degrees of freedom). The case study selected is the well-known Tennessee Eastman process and a set of simulations are given to compare this approach with early works.
This is the chapter 3 of ISTQB Advance Test Automation Engineer certification. This presentation helps aspirants understand and prepare content of certification.
This presentation was prepared by Ishara Amarasekera based on the paper, Model-Driven Testing with UML 2.0 by Zhen Ru Dai.
This presentation contains a summary of the content provided in this research paper and was presented as a paper discussion for the course, Software Quality in Computer Science.
A Unique Test Bench for Various System-on-a-Chip IJECEIAES
This paper discusses a standard flow on how an automated test bench environment which is randomized with constraints can verify a SOC efficiently for its functionality and coverage. Today, in the time of multimillion gate ASICs, reusable intellectual property (IP), and system-ona-chip (SoC) designs, verification consumes about 70 % of the design effort. Automation means a machine completes a task autonomously, quicker and with predictable results. Automation requires standard processes with welldefined inputs and outputs. By using this efficient methodology it is possible to provide a general purpose automation solution for verification, given today’s technology. Tools automating various portions of the verification process are being introduced. Here, we have Communication based SOC The content of the paper discusses about the methodology used to verify such a SOC-based environment. Cadence Efficient Verification Methodology libraries are explored for the solution of this problem. We can take this as a state of art approach in verifying SOC environments. The goal of this paper is to emphasize the unique testbench for different SOC using Efficient Verification Constructs implemented in system verilog for SOC verification.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
6. 標題範例
●Decoupled-Level Optimal Output States
Feedback Controller Design
● A Chart for Estimating the Distance
Attenuation of Flanking Sound though
Open Windows
● Simulation Model for Pedestrian Movement
in Way-Finding and Queuing for
Architectural Design Theory
9. 不良範例
A Chart for Estimating the
Distance Attenuation of
Flanking Sound Passing though
Open Windows in the Exterior
Wall of Adjoining Rooms and Its
Experimental Verification
(25 個字 )
10. 改良後範例
A Chart for Estimating the
Distance Attenuation of Flanking
Sound though Open Windows
(13 個字 )
( 估測通過通風窗口之左右兩邊聲
音的距離衰減圖表 )
11. 不良範例
Assessment of Two Laser
Doppler Velocity Measuring
System by Measuring Acoustic
Particle Velocities in Enclosed
Sound Field
( 標題太長 ,17 個字 , 但為表達
論文內容似乎均無法減少 ) ---
26. 封 面 樣 版 ( 投稿論文
)
Decoupled- Level Optimal Output States Feedback Controller Design
T.L. Huang T.Y. Hwang
Department of Computer Science National Taipei University of Education
Email: tsongliang@tea.ntue.edu.tw
ABSTRACT: This paper addresses the design of decoupled-level large system controllers using an optimal
reduced order model whose state variables are all output states. The reduced-order model retains their
physical meaning and is used to design a decoupled-level linear feedback controller that takes into account
the realities and constraints of the large systems. The decoupled-level control strategy is used and a global
control signal is generated from the output variables to minimize the effect of interactions. Effectiveness of
this controller is evaluated and example is given to illustrate the advantages of the proposed method.
Responses of the system with decoupled-level scheme and optimal reduced order scheme are included for
comparative analyses.
1. Introduction
The design of large system , can be formulated as an optimal linear regulator control problem whose
solution is a complete state control scheme [1]. Thus, the implementation requires the design of state
estimators [2]. These increase the hardware cost and reduce the reliability of the control system. These are
the reasons that a control scheme uses only some desired state variables such as output states. Upon this, a
scheme referred to as suboptimal control is obtained but only some state variables are used in the
implemented control scheme while the others are omitted for convenience [3].
29. Deutero-Eigenstructure Assignment
Output Feedback Stabilizer Design
T.Y. HWANG1 C.W. Liu2
Depertment of computer science National Taipei University of
1
Education
134, Sec. 2, Hoping E. Road, Taipei City, 106 Taiwan, R.O.C.
thwang@faculty.pccu.edu.tw
2
Department of Electrical Engineering Tamkang University
151, Ying-Chuan Road, Taipei County 251 Taiwan, R.O.C.
old_liu.tw@yahoo.com.tw
31. 摘要 (Abstract) 的寫法
● 摘要的長度最好不要超過 300 個字,摘要的意
義是即使不閱讀文章整體也能夠掌握理解全文
的內容。
關鍵字 :
目的 : The purpose of this paper is -----
方法 : using ----- 或 --- are employed to ----
結果 : As a result, ---- 或 Consequently, -----
結論 : In conclusion --- 或 We conclude that--
建議事項 : It is recommended that ---- 或
It is suggested that ----
33. 摘 要 樣 板 ( 英文 )
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to address the design of
decoupled-level large system controllers using an optimal reduced order
model whose state variables are all output states. The reduced-order model
retains their physical meaning and is used to design a decoupled-level linear
feedback controller that takes into account the realities and constraints of
the large systems. The decoupled-level control strategy is used and a global
control signal is generated from the output variables to minimize the effect
of interactions. As a result ,the effectiveness of this controller is evaluated
and considerable savings in computer memory are achieved. In conclusion,
the controllers determined at the subsystem level depend only on local
information operating to the particular machine. Example is given to
illustrate the advantages of the proposed method. Responses of the system
with decoupled-level scheme and optimal reduced order scheme are
included for comparative analyses. It is recommended that the proposed
method can be applied to supper large system
36. (1) 研究主題
(Research theme)
關鍵字 :
The work presented
here is to -------
37. 範例
1. Introduction
The work presented here is
to address the design of
decoupled-level large system
controllers using an optimal
reduced order model whose state
variables are all output states.
38. (2) 研究主題的必要性、
重要性
(Need/Importance of research theme)
敘述是什麼理由選擇此
研究主題、以及關於此研
究主題到目前為止 , 已進
行過的研究歷史等等。
39. 關鍵語
Recent interest in -----
In recent years -----
-----is well known -----
----- have gained considerable
attention in -----
----- has been recognized as
-----
40. 範例
1. Introduction
The work presented here is to address the
design of decoupled-level large system
controllers using an optimal reduced order
model whose state variables are all output
states. Recent interest in designing the
stabilizer of large system , can be formulated as
an optimal linear regulator control problem
whose solution is a complete state control
scheme [1].
42. 關鍵語
It is well known that -----
----- some papers [3 and 4] have
discussed -----
Recent studies have suggested ----
Various methods ----have been examined
by other researchers [6,7,8,9,and 10].
A number of strategies have been
developed in recent years to ------
43. 範例
1. Introduction
The work presented here is to address the design of
decoupled-level large system controllers using an optimal
reduced order model whose state variables are all output
states. Recent interest in designing the stabilizer of large
system , can be formulated as an optimal linear regulator
control problem whose solution is a complete state control
scheme [1]. Thus, the implementation requires the design of
state estimators [2]. These increase the hardware cost and
reduce the reliability of the control system. These are the
reasons that a control scheme uses only some desired state
variables such as output states. It is well known that a
scheme referred to as suboptimal control is obtained but only
some state variables are used in the implemented control
scheme while the others are omitted for convenience [3].
44. (4) 歷年來研究未解決之
點 (Unresolved points in conventional
research)
關鍵語
● However, ----
● Unlike the studies made extensively
on ----,very little attention was given
to ----
45. ● To the best of the authors’
knowledge, no research has yet
been carried out to ----
● In contract, there is little data
available concerning ----
46. 範例
It is well known that a scheme referred to as
suboptimal control is obtained but only some state
variables are used in the implemented control
scheme while the others are omitted for
convenience [3]. Obviously, this approach is
arbitrary and cannot be accepted on faith.
Performance degradation is not evaluated for
general system sunder different conditions. The
recent approach using optimal reduced order model
is obtained [4] [5].However, the optimal control
strategy is also used for the reduced order model of
the large system, the computation of an optimal
controller becomes extremely difficult and time
consuming as the order of the system increases.
48. 關鍵語
● The purpose (goal) of the study is
to ----
● In this study, ----have been
evaluated in comparison with ----
● This paper presents (discusses,
suggests, deals with) ----
49. 範例
However, the optimal control strategy is also
used for the reduced order model of the large
system, the computation of an optimal
controller becomes extremely difficult and time
consuming as the order of the system
increases. This paper presents the method
that the overall system is decomposed
into separate subsystems, each
subsystem comprising one machine.
51. 關鍵語
● by employing methods
such as ----
● by using ----
● by incorporating ---
52. 範例
This paper presents the method that the
overall system is decomposed into
separate subsystems, each subsystem
comprising one machine. By using the
optimal reduced order model method at
the subsystem level, an optimal
feedback controller is derived by output
feedback of each machine.
54. 關鍵語
● As a result, ----- the proposed
method is much better than
before .
● As a result, ----- shows good
agreement with -----
● It is found that -----
55. 範例
By using the optimal reduced order model
method at the subsystem level, an optimal
feedback controller is derived by output
feedback of each machine. The order of this
model is obviously lower than that of the
overall system and the method proposed in ref
[6]. Thus, considerable savings in computer
memory are achieved. It is found that the
controllers thus determined at the subsystem level
depend only on local information operating to the
particular machine.
57. 關鍵語
● From our results, we conclude
that ----
● We, thus, conclude that ----
● The results indicate that ----
● Experimental results indicate
that ----
58. ● In Conclusion, ----
● In summary, these investigations
suggest that ----
● It is concluded from the simulation
that ----
59. 範例
In conclusion, the attractive features of the
two-level optimal output feedback stabilizers
design are as follows:
(1) The output state variables are some
desired or available variables, thus, the state
variables of the reduced order model retain
their physical meaning.
61. ● In the following, ---- is explained
in Chapter 4; ---- is explained in
Chapter 5; ----
● In Section 1 we recall ----.
In Section 2 and 3 we derive ----.
Section 4 and 5 deal with ----.
In Section 6 and 7 ---- are discussed.
Finally, we comment on ---
62. 範例
As a matter of fact this paper is an extension of
optimal reduced order method proposed by Ali
Feliachi et. a1 [4][5] and the two-level optimal
stabilization method proposed by Y.L. Abdel-Magid
and Gama1 M. Aly [6]. In Section 1 we recall the
background of optimal reduced order model. In
Section 2 and 3 we derive the control strategy
and control structure. Section 4 and 5 deal
with system study . In Section 6 and 7
simulation and computation results are
discussed. Finally, we comment on overall
control structure and effectiveness of the
controller.
63. 前 言 樣 板 ( 英文 )
1. Introduction
The work presented here is to address the design of
decoupled-level large system controllers using an optimal
reduced order model whose state variables are all output
states. Recent interest in designing the stabilizer of large
system , can be formulated as an optimal linear regulator
control problem whose solution is a complete state control
scheme [1]. Thus, the implementation requires the design of
state estimators [2]. These increase the hardware cost and
reduce the reliability of the control system. These are the
reasons that a control scheme uses only some desired state
variables such as output states. It is well known that a scheme
referred to as suboptimal control is obtained but only some
state variables are used in the implemented control scheme
while the others are omitted for convenience [3].
64. Obviously, this approach is arbitrary and
cannot be accepted on faith. Performance
degradation is not evaluated for general system
sunder different conditions. The recent
approach using optimal reduced order model is
obtained [4] [5].However, the optimal control
strategy is also used for the reduced order
model of the large system, the computation of
an optimal controller becomes extremely
difficult and time consuming as the order of the
system increases.
65. For an nth-order system it is necessary
to solve an n(n+1)/2 Riccati equations in
order to calculate the controller gain. And
the problem formulation itself is not straight
forward as it is complex to determine the
design parameters in the performance
criterion as the order of the system
increases. To overcome these difficulties,
the former paper concerned with the
development of multi-level optimal
stabilization of interconnected power
system in ref. [6] is applied to the proposed
approach.
66. This paper presents the method that
the overall system is decomposed into
separate subsystems, each subsystem
comprising one machine. By using the
optimal reduced order model method at
the subsystem level, an optimal feedback
controller is derived by output feedback of
each machine. The order of this model is
obviously lower than that of the overall
system and the method proposed in ref
[6]. Thus, considerable savings in
computer memory are achieved.
67. It is found that the controllers thus determined at
the subsystem level depend only on local information
operating to the particular machine. And, since only
the output feedback is used via optimal reduced order
model, the control strategy can be implemented
easily. In order to take into account the interaction
between the different subsystems, a global controller
is designed at a higher level [7]. At this level, all
subsystems will transfer the necessary information to
achieve the global objectives. In this paper, the global
gain is obtained from the optimal reduced order model
of the whole system by using only output feedback.
68. The evaluation of the global gain is much
easier than the overall system optimal state
feedback gains because the optimal reduced
order model is used. The control strategy
proposed here is applied to a, two-machine
system. The effectiveness of the two-level
optimal output feedback controller are
presented. A comparison between the
performance of the proposed controller and
that of the optimal reduced order method
and the two-level control strategy is also
included.
69. In conclusion, the attractive features of
the two-level optimal output feedback
stabilizers design are as follows:
(1) The output state variables are some
desired or available variables, thus, the
state variables of the reduced order model
retain their physical meaning.
(2) Local controllers determined depend
only on local output information pertaining
to the subsystem and a considerable
70. savings in computation effort at the (machine)
subsystem level is achieved and no estimator
is needed.
(3) Interaction between the different
subsystem is minimized by the use of the
global controller gain at a higher level using
the output state variables of the overall system
via optimal reduced order model. The
evaluation process is much easier than the
optimal control strategy and the transient
response is much better also.
71. As a matter of fact this paper is an extension of
optimal reduced order method proposed by Ali
Feliachi et. a1 [4][5] and the two-level optimal
stabilization method proposed by Y.L. Abdel-
Magid and Gama1 M. Aly [6]. In Section 1 we
recall the background of optimal reduced
order model. In Section 2 and 3 we derive
the control strategy and control structure.
Section 4 and 5 deal with system study .
In Section 6 and 7 simulation and
computation results are discussed. Finally,
we comment on overall control structure
and effectiveness of the controller.