Here are the key points regarding vaping as an alternative to cigarette smoking: - Vaping is generally less harmful than smoking cigarettes. However, vaping still poses health risks and is not completely safe. - The long-term health effects of vaping are still unknown since it has not been around as long as cigarette smoking. Some of the risks of vaping that have been identified include negative effects on the heart and lungs. - Nicotine products like e-cigarettes are highly addictive. While vaping may help some people quit smoking, it can also lead to continued nicotine addiction or dual use with cigarettes for many people. - Vaping has caused a large increase in youth nicotine use as e

1. Lesson 1.2
The
Circulatory
System

2. Explain how the respiratory and circulatory systems work
together to transport nutrients, gases, and other
molecules to and from the different parts of the body
(S9LT-la-b-26).
At the end of this lesson, the given DepEd learning competency
should be met by the students.

3. ● Determine the parts and functions of the human
circulatory system.
● Determine the composition of the blood.

4. Transportation of
fundamental elements
like nutrients, water, and
gases to different cells
in the body is essential
to support life in living
organisms.

5. The respiratory system is essential for
the exchange of gases between an
organism and its environment.
These gases, particularly oxygen, are
then distributed all throughout an
organism’s body via the circulatory
system.

6. How do the
oxygen from the
air we breathe in
and the nutrients
from the food we
eat reach the
different cells of
the body?

7. • The major system responsible
for the distribution and
pumping of the blood.
• The components that serve as
the transportation in the
human body are composed of
the blood, the blood vessels,
and the heart.
Circulator
y System

8. • An average person has four to
six liters of blood.
• Blood is responsible for
transporting materials and for
immune defense.
• The major components of blood
can be divided into the
extracellular fluid and the
formed elements.
Composition
of Blood

9. Plasma
• Plasma is the fluid part
of blood.
• It holds the blood cells
in suspension and
makes up 55% of the
blood’s volume.
Extracellular
Fluid
Components of blood

10. Real
Plasma

11. Red Blood Cells
• It is the most abundant
cells in the blood.
• Nearly 40% of the
blood's volume is red
blood cells.
Formed Elements
Components of blood

12. Red Blood Cells
• It takes oxygen in the
lungs and deliver it to
the tissues.
• It also transports
carbon dioxide to the
lungs.
Formed Elements
Components of blood

13. White Blood Cells
• Immunity cells involved
in protecting the body
against infectious
agents and foreign
bodies.
Formed Elements
Components of blood

15. Types of White Blood Cells
• Neutrophils respond to
bacterial and fungal
infections. Neutrophils
are a type of white blood
cell (leukocytes) that act
as your immune system's
first line of defense.
Components of blood

16. • Basophils aid in allergic
reaction.
• It protect your body from
infections or respond to
intruders like parasites, fungi
and cancer cells. Basophils
drive your body's reaction to
allergens. They're why you
sneeze, cough or have a
runny nose during allergy
season or anytime you
encounter an allergen.

17. • Eosinophils help in controlling
parasitic infection and allergic
reaction.
• involved in host defense against
parasites and promoting allergic
reactions
Components of blood

18. • Lymphocytes are for viral infection and
adaptive immunity.
• involved in host defense against parasites
and promoting allergic reactions
Components of blood

19. • Monocytes are for chronic infections and part of the innate
immunity.
• eliminate infected cells
• Monocytes call on other white blood cells to help treat injury
and prevent infection.
Components of blood

20. Platelets
• Help in clotting of
blood to stop bleeding.
• Aggregates on the
injured portion of the
blood vessel.
Components of blood
small, colorless cell
fragments in our blood that
form clots and stop or
prevent bleeding

22. The
Heart

25. • The heart is composed of
strong cardiac muscle
tissues that continuously
contract and relax to pump
blood all throughout the
body
The Heart
Heart

26. • It has four major chambers:
two atria and two
ventricles.
• These chambers highly
coordinate in pumping blood
that must deliver O2 to the
tissues and take CO2 for
disposal.
The Heart
Heart

27. Types of Blood Vessels
Types of blood vessels

28. • Arteries - deliver oxygen-rich blood to the cells, away from the
heart. As arteries penetrate the organs, they decrease in
diameter and become arterioles.
• Veins - return oxygen-poor blood from the cells back to the
heart. As the veins go inward the organs, they decrease in
diameter and become venules.
Types of Blood Vessels

29. • Capillaries are small blood vessels that connect arteries and
veins.
• These can penetrate the inner portion of different organs
and facilitate the transfer of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and
dissolved substances in and out of your blood.
Types of Blood Vessels

30. ● The circulatory system transports nutrients, gases, and molecules to and
from the different parts of the body and is composed of blood, the blood
vessels, and the heart.
● The blood is composed of the plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells,
and platelets.
● Three basic types of blood vessels are the arteries, veins, and capillaries.
● The heart plays a vital role in pumping blood throughout the body.

31. Circulation loops
•The heart contracts to
push blood out into
two major loops of
circulation: the
systemic and the
pulmonary circulation
loops.

32. Two major Circulation loops
•Systemic Circulation
Loop is where
oxygenated blood is
distributed into the
body’s systems.

33. Two major Circulation loops
•Coronary circulation is
the circulation of blood
in the blood vessels of
the heart muscle.

34. Two major Circulation loops
• Pulmonary Circulation
Loop is where the blood
from the systemic
circulation returns to the
heart and refilled with
oxygen in replacement with
the carbon dioxide it
carries.

38. Vena Cava
2.Inferior Vena Cava
3. Right Atrium
4. Tricuspid Valve
5. Right Ventricle
6. Pulmonary Valve
1. Superior Vena Cava
7. Pulmonary Artery
8. Left Lungs
8. Right Lungs
9. Pulmonary Veins
9. Pulmonary Veins
10. Left Atrium
11. Mitral Valve
12. Left Ventricle
13. Aortic Valve
14. Aorta

39. • Blood enters the heart via the two
large veins called the inferior and
superior vena cava.
• The blood leaves the heart through
the pulmonary arteries that lead to
the lungs.
• The oxygenated blood returns to the
heart via the pulmonary veins.
• The oxygenated blood leaves the
heart via aorta.
• To prevent backflow of the blood,
the heart has two valves namely the
tricuspid valve and the mitral
These two valves alternately open
and close during the pumping of the
blood.

40. Superior vena
cava
Right atrium
Left atrium
Left pulmonary veins
Aorta
Left pulmonary
artery
Right Ventricle
Inferior vena cava
Left Ventricle

41. Pulse and pulse rate
• Pulse is the direct measure
of the pulse rate. The pulse
is easiest to find on the wrist
or neck.
• Pulse rate is the number of
times your heart beats in
one minute.
• Factors like age, gender, and
exposure to strenuous
activities can affect the pulse
rate.

43. Label the parts of the
heart.
• Left Pulmonary Veins
• Aorta
• Left Ventricle
• Inferior Vena Cava
• Left Atrium
• Right Atrium
• Left Pulmonary Artery
• Right Ventricle
• Superior Vena Cava
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

44. 1. Superior vena
cava
6. Right atrium
4. Left atrium
5. Left pulmonary
veins
2. Aorta
3. Left pulmonary
artery
7. Right Ventricle
9. Inferior vena
cava
8. Left Ventricle

45. Lesson 1.6
Taking Care of
the Respiratory
and Circulatory
Systems

46. Objective
infer how one’s lifestyle can
affect the functioning of
respiratory and circulatory
systems.
1
At the end of
the lesson,
you should
be able to:

47. • Both the circulatory and respiratory systems work for the
transport of vital gases and molecules in our body. Thus, it is
essential that these systems are cared for.
Why should we take care of the respiratory and
circulatory system?

48. How can you protect your respiratory system and
your circulatory system?

49. • Engage in physical activities or exercise
• Exercise at least 30 minutes or more per day to improve heart
condition.
Activities to lower the risks of circulatory and
respiratory system-related problems:
Regular exercise

50. • Avoid smoking and tobacco
use.
• Cigarettes and electronic
cigarettes can damage the
heart and the lungs
Activities to lower the risks of circulatory and
respiratory system-related problems:
Electronic cigarettes

51. 1. Vaping is less harmful
that smoking but it’s still
not safe.
2. Research suggests
vaping is bad for your
heart and lungs.
5 Vaping Fact You
Need to Know

52. 3. E-Cigarettes are just as
addictive as traditional ones.
4. E-Cigarettes aren’t the
best smoking cessation tool.
5. A new generation is
getting hooked on nicotine.

53. • Take proper diet.
• High intake of fruits and vegetables,
fiber-rich and low-fat products is
highly recommended.
• Avoid processed food and alcohol
consumption.
Activities to lower the risks of circulatory and
respiratory system-related problems:
Proper diet

54. • Maintain proper body mass
index.
• Exceeding your recommended
body mass index can increase
the risk of several diseases.
Activities to lower the risks of circulatory and
respiratory system-related problems:
Proper diet

55. • Regularly consult with doctors.
• Having a constant communication
with your doctor is important in
monitoring the health of the
respiratory and circulatory systems.
Activities to lower the risks of circulatory and
respiratory system-related problems:
Consultation with doctor

56. “Having a healthy
lifestyle making your
body on style” - Vier Nama.

57. ● The following activities can help lower the risk of
circulatory and respiratory system problems:
○ Engage in physical activities or exercise.
○ Avoid smoking and tobacco use.
○ Take proper diet.
○ Maintain proper body mass index.
○ Consult regularly with doctors.
1

58. Write true if the statement is correct. Otherwise,
write false.
1. Consult a doctor only when there is pain in the body.
2. Second-hand smoking is safer than first-hand
smoking.
3. Smoking affects both the heart and lungs.
4. Cholesterol in the body is useful when it is
controlled.
5. Obesity can cause problems in the circulatory
false
false
true
true
true

59. Challenge Yourself
Is vaping a good
alternative to
cigarette smoking?