3. • Schizophrenia is a complex syndrome that
inevitably has a devasting effect on the
lives of the person affected and on his or
her family.
• The subtypes of schizophrenia is based
upon different presentation and
combination of symptoms such as
hallucination,delusion,and disorder of
sppech, emotion, and socialization.
4. TYPE OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
1-PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA-A person
with P.S. holds false belief or delusion,that
seriously distort reality.A subtype of
schizophrenia in which the individual holds
delusions of persecution and grandeur that
seriously distort reality.
Delusion-A false belief that distorts reality
Hallucination-A false perceptual experience
that distorts reality
5. TYPE OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
2-Disorganized schizophrenia-A subtype of
schizophrenia characterized by shallow
silliness,extreme social withdrawl,and
fragmented delusions and hallucination.
3-Catatonic schizophrenia-A subtype of
schizophrenia in which the individual spends
long periods in an inactive,statuelike state.
6. TYPE OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
4-Udifferenciated type -Some people do not fit neatly into
these subtypes;they would be classified as having an
undifferentiated type of schizophrenia.People who have the
major symptoms of schizophrenia but who do not meet the
criteria for paranoid,disorganized,or catatonic types of
schizophrenia would be given thas diagnosis.
5-Residual type-Some people who have had at least one
episode of schizophrenia but who no longer manifest the
major symptoms of the disorder would be daignosed as
having the residual type of schizophrenia
7. CLINICAL SYMPTOM OF
SCHIZOPHRENIA
• POSITIVE SYMPTOM- psychological excess,
delusion,disorganized thinking and
speach,hallucination,inappropriate effect
• NEGATIVE SYMPTOM-psychological
deficit,poverty of speach,blunted and flat
effect,disturbed relationship with external world.
• PSYCHOMOTOR SYMPTOMS-catatonic
stupor,catatonic rigidity,catatonic
posturing,catatonic excitement,waxy flexybility
8.
9. DSM-IV DIAGNOSTC CRITERIA FOR
SCHIZOPHRENIA
A-charactereristic symptoms:two or more of the following
for period of one month:
1.delusions
2.hallucination
3.disorganized speech or incoherence
4.catatonic behavior
5.negative symptoms
B-Socio/occupational dysfunction
C-Duration-continuous signs of the disturbance persist for
at least 6 months.
12. HALLUCINATION
• The experience of sensory events without any input any input from
the surrounding environment is called hallucination.Hallucination
can involve any of the senses,although hearing things that are not
there,or auditory hallucination,is the most common form
experienced by people with schizophrenia.
• The cause of hallucination found through many researches that
the part of the brain most avtive during hallucination was the area
called Broca's area.This observation is surprising because Broca's
area is known to be involved in speech production. If hallucination
involve understanding the speech of others, you might expect more
activity in the area of brain that involves language comprehension,
an area are called Wernike's area.This observation of brain activity
during hallucination supports a theory that people who are
hallucinating are in fact not hearing the voice of others, but instead
are listening to their own voices and connot recognize the
difference.
13. ETIOLOGY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
• Biological view point
1-Genetic factor-twin studies
2-Biological factor-neurobiological influences(dopamine activity),Brain
activity
• Psychological view point
1-psychodynamic view
2-behavioral view
3-family view
4-existential view
5-cognitive view
• Socio-cultural viewpoint-
societal and cultural norms
