Personality disorders are conditions in which an individual differs significantly from an average person , in terms of how they think, perceive , feel or relate to others.

1. DR VANDANA GAUR
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY
PERSONALITY
DISORDER

2. MEANING AND NATURE OF PERSONALITY DISORDER
•''A personality disorder is an enduring pattern of inner
experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the
expectation of the individual culture, is pervasive and
inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early childhood, is
stable over time and leads to distress or impairment.''DSM-
4,1994.
•A personality disorder is a type of mental disorder in which
you have a rigid and unhealthy pattern of thinking, functioning
and behaving. A person with a personality disorder has trouble
perceiving and relating to situation and people. This causes
significant problems and limitation in relationship, social
activities, work and school.

3. CLINICAL PICTURE OF PERSONALITY DISORDER
• disrupted personal relationship
• chronic troublesome behavior
• negative outcomes
• repetition of the same maladaptive behavior
• resistant to change in behavior

4. Types of personality disorder

5. TYPES OF PERSONALITY DISORDER
DSM-4 divides the personality disorder into three groups or clusters.
Cluster A is called the “odd” or eccentric cluster;
it includes- 1-paranoid pers. dis.
2-schizoid pers. dis.
3-schizotypical pers.dis.
Cluster B is known as the dramatic, emotional or erratic cluster;it includes-
1-antisocial pers. dis
2-Borderline pers.dis
3-histrionic pers.dis
4-narcissistic pers.dis
Cluster C is called the anxious or fearful cluster; it includes –
1-avoidant pers. dis.
2-dependent pers.dis.
3-obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

6. Cluster A: Suspicious
People with paranoid personality dis. are excessively
mistrustful and suspicious of other people, without any
justification. They tend to not to confide in others and
expect other people to do them harm.
People with schizoid personality dis. show a pattern of
detachment from social relationships and a very limited
range of emotions in interpersonal situation. They seems
aloof, cold and indifferent to other people.
People with schizotypical personality dis. are typically
socially isolated and behave in ways that would seem
unusual to many of us,additionally,they tend to be
suspicious and have odd beliefs about the world

7. Cluster B: Emotional and impulsive
• People with antisocial personality dis. have a history
of failing to comply with social norms. They perform
actions most of us would find unacceptable-such as
stealing from friends and family. They also tend to be
irresponsible, impulsive, and deceitful.
• People with borderline personality dis. lack stability
in their moods and in their relationships with other
people, and usually have a very poor self -
image.These individuals often feel empty inside and
are at great risk from dying by their own hand.

8. Continued…..
• Individuals with histrionic personality dis. tend to be
overly dramatic and often appear almost to be acting,
which is why the term histrionic, meaning theatrical in
manner, is used.
• people who display narcissistic personality disorder
think highly of themselves-beyond their real abilities.
These people consider themselves special and
somehow different from others and deserving of
special treatmaent.

9. Cluster C: Anxious
• People with avoidant personality disorder are extremely
sensitive to the opinion of others and therefore avoid social
relationship. They have extremely low self-esteem;this poor
opinion of themselves, coupled with a fear of being rejected,
causes them to reject the attention others crave.
• Individual with dependent personality dis. rely on others to
the extent that they let them make everyday decision as well as
important life decisions; this result in an unreasonable fear of
being abandoned.
• people who have obsessive-compulsive personality dis. are
characterized by a fixation on things being done ''the right
way''.This preoccupation with the details prevents them from
actually completing much of anything

10. CAUSAL FACTOR IN PERSONALITY DISORDER
• Biological factors-genetic factors
,neurobiological influence
• Psychological factors-early learning
,environmental factors play a direct role in the
cause of personality disorder.
• Socio cultural factors-life style, immediate
satisfaction ,irresponsibility, self - centeredness
etc is responsible to develop personality
disorder

11. Medication
There aren’t any medications approved for the treatment of
personality disorders. However, certain types of prescription
medications might be helpful in reducing various
personality disorder symptoms, such as:
• antidepressants, which can help improve a depressed mood,
anger, or impulsivity
• mood stabilizers, which prevent intense mood changes and
reduce irritability and aggression
• antipsychotic medications, also known as neuroleptics,
which can help reduce symptoms of psychosis like
hallucinations and delusions
• anti-anxiety medications, which can help relieve anxiety,
agitation, and insomnia

12. Psychotherapy
• Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, may help in managing
personality disorders. During psychotherapy, you and a
therapist can discuss your condition, as well as your feelings
and thoughts. This can provide you with insight on how to
manage your symptoms and behaviors that interfere with
your daily life.
• There are many types of psychotherapy. Dialectical
behavior therapy can include group and individual sessions
where people learn how to tolerate stress and improve
relationships.
• Cognitive behavioral therapy aims to teach people how to
change negative thinking patterns so they can better cope
with everyday challenges.