Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness that causes changes in thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self and behavior. Common symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and behavior, lack of motivation and impaired cognitive skills. It is diagnosed through medical exams, history, lab tests and ruling out other potential causes. While the causes are not fully understood, genetics and environmental factors like stress, drug use and complications during birth are thought to play a role.
Schizophrenia is a metal disorder characterized by disruptions in thought processes, perceptions, emotional responsiveness and social interaction. Here the etiology, epidemiology, types, signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, complications, diagnosis as well as management of schizophrenia is explained.
Schizophrenia is a metal disorder characterized by disruptions in thought processes, perceptions, emotional responsiveness and social interaction. Here the etiology, epidemiology, types, signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, complications, diagnosis as well as management of schizophrenia is explained.
Hallucination definition, explanation. Difference between true perception and hallucinations. Mental images. Pseudo-hallucinations. Causes of hallucinations. Types of hallucinations.
This is a very basic presentation for anyone who would like to have more information about schizophrenia. This was intended for the third year medical students. The criteria described are based on fourth edition of the DSM ( DSMIV). All these demarcations (types of) schizophrenia will be scrapped by the DSM V (this is the proposal as of now). But this could serve a historical puspose if seen after 2013.
Somatoform disorder include different entities. One of complex and difficult to treat ailment among the somatoform disorder is illness anxiety disorder, formerly known as hypochondriasis. My power point presentation is an attempt to simplify the mystery of this common psychiatric diagnosis. (Dr Satyajeet Singh, MD, Neuropsychiatrist, Aiims Patna)
Morbid expressions of emotion from Fish’s Clinical Psychopathology including parathymia, flattening, stiffening, incongruity and lability of affect, smiling depression and affective incontinence.
This slide contains information regarding Adult Personality Disorder. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students. Your feedback is highly appreciated.
This a project for a high school AP Psychology course. This is a fictionalized account of having a psychological ailment. For questions about this blog project or its content please email the teacher Chris Jocham: jocham@fultonschools.org
Hallucination definition, explanation. Difference between true perception and hallucinations. Mental images. Pseudo-hallucinations. Causes of hallucinations. Types of hallucinations.
This is a very basic presentation for anyone who would like to have more information about schizophrenia. This was intended for the third year medical students. The criteria described are based on fourth edition of the DSM ( DSMIV). All these demarcations (types of) schizophrenia will be scrapped by the DSM V (this is the proposal as of now). But this could serve a historical puspose if seen after 2013.
Somatoform disorder include different entities. One of complex and difficult to treat ailment among the somatoform disorder is illness anxiety disorder, formerly known as hypochondriasis. My power point presentation is an attempt to simplify the mystery of this common psychiatric diagnosis. (Dr Satyajeet Singh, MD, Neuropsychiatrist, Aiims Patna)
Morbid expressions of emotion from Fish’s Clinical Psychopathology including parathymia, flattening, stiffening, incongruity and lability of affect, smiling depression and affective incontinence.
This slide contains information regarding Adult Personality Disorder. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students. Your feedback is highly appreciated.
This a project for a high school AP Psychology course. This is a fictionalized account of having a psychological ailment. For questions about this blog project or its content please email the teacher Chris Jocham: jocham@fultonschools.org
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that generally appears in late adolescence or early adulthood - however, it can emerge at any time in life. It is one of many brain diseases that may include delusions, loss of personality (flat affect), confusion, agitation, social withdrawal, psychosis, and bizarre behavior.
Today Schizophrenia awareness week starts. (From 22 May 2022 to 28th May 2022). Theme for this year is "Connecting with Hope". I have tried my best to cover everything about schizophrenia a type of severe mental illness.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
2. • Schizophrenia is a chronic disease which affects
the way a person thinks, sees the world as well as
their actions. People with schizophrenia have a
changing recognition of the real world often a
crucial loss of connection of the real world.
Schizophrenia causes illusionary seeing and
hearing as well as strange and confusing ways of
speaking.
3. WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA
• They believe that others are trying to hurt them or
that they are always being observed. Schizophrenia
makes it strenuous even panic to interact with daily
life tasks, people with extract from the outside world
or react out of hesitation and agitation (What is
schizophrenia?, (n.d).
4. • Symptoms of schizophrenia can appear immediately without
caution as but most of the time the symptoms come slowly
with small warnings and a moderate rejection in functioning
appears. People with schizophrenia tend to become anti-social
and show no signs of wanting to communicate. A lack of
motivation is also one of the symptoms causing the sufferer to
have no interferes or desire for anything (Samuel b.
guze,1970).
5. SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
• Thought disorder is one of symptoms of
schizophrenia which causes the person to think and
have illogical conversations as well as lack in order
and may be delusional satisfied. The person suffering
from this illness develops a failure in expressing their
emotions and feelings. A decline in impaired
memory and thinking skills are also one of the
symptoms causing poor focus, slow thinking and
fuzzy memory.
6. • Hallucinations and delusions are psychotic symptoms. Hallucinations
are when a person might hear smell or see something that doesn’t exist
but the sufferer thinks is legitimate. Delusions are beliefs that are
deceptive for example mistreatment, nobility, disgrace that seem
completely real to the person having delusions.
• A few common early warnings are being unable to cry or express
happiness, laughing or crying inappropriately. Over sleeping or
insomnia are also very common as well as having a loss of
concentration and using weird words or ways of speaking. (Signs and
symptoms of schizophrenia,(n.d).
7. • Hereditary is one of strong causes of schizophrenia. It
is affected by genetics not driven by it, whilst it runs in
families about 60% of sufferers have no family with the
disorder. Furthermore people who are genetically
inclined to schizophrenia don’t always develop the
disease which goes to show that biology is not destiny.
8. CAUSES AND EFFECTS
• Complications during pregnancy or labour that causes
structural damage to the brain may as well be one of
the causes of schizophrenia. People who are sensitive
to any family tensions which for them may be
associated with frequent experiences any may as well
cause them to become schizophrenic.
9. CAUSES AND EFFECTS
• Stressful incidents are another cause of
schizophrenia causing the sufferer to often become
anxious, annoyed and unable to concentrate causing
problems with work study and relationships (causes
and effects of schizophrenia, 2014).
10. CAUSES AND EFFECTS
• Harmful drug use and alcohol especially
cannabis and amphetamine may trigger
psychosis and people who exposed to
developing schizophrenia.
11. • Full psychiatric progression, physical exam, medical history and lab tests
are all ways that schizophrenia can be diagnosed. Psychiatric progression-the
doctor or psychiatrist will ask a number of questions about any
symptoms, psychiatric history and family history of mental health issues.
Medical history and exams require answers regarding your family or
personal health history asked by your doctor.
• Your doctor will also perform an entire physically examination to check for
medicinal issues which may be the cause of the problem. Simply blood or
urine tests are also ways of diagnosing schizophrenia as they can rule out
other medical causes of symptoms. The doctor may also order brain
imaging such as an MRI or a CT scan in or to look for abnormalities in the
brain associating with schizophrenia.
12. • (Diseases and conditions of schizophrenia,(n.d)
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/schizophrenia/basics/tests-diagnosis/con-
20021077
• (What causes schizophrenia?, (n.d)
http://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/mental-pubs-w-whatschiz-
toc~mental-pubs-w-whatschiz-cau
• (Signs and symptoms of schizophrenia,(n.d).
• http://www.nami.org/Content/NavigationMenu/Mental_Illnesses/Schizophrenia9/Causes.htm
• (causes and effects of schizophrenia, 2014) ihttp://www.sane.org/information/factsheets-podcasts/
187-schizophrenia
• (What is schizophrenia?, (n.d). http://www.helpguide.org/mental/schizophrenia_symptom.htm
• (Samuel b. guze,1970). http://journals.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleid=151746
