Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and other cognitive difficulties. It typically develops between ages 16-30 and affects about 1% of the population worldwide. Symptoms are divided into positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions, and negative symptoms like reduced pleasure and speaking. Diagnosis requires at least two symptoms for over a month along with impairment and ruling out other conditions. Treatment involves medication, counseling, and self-help resources to manage the lifelong impacts.

1. SCHIZOPHRENIA
Nandakishor P S

2. INTRODUCTION
• Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that
usually appears in late adolescence or early
adulthood. Characterized by delusions,
hallucinations, and other cognitive
difficulties, schizophrenia can often be a
lifelong struggle.

3. • 1% is of the world population infected by the
schizophrenia.
• It most commonly strike between the age of
16 and 30.
• It is among the most disabling and
economically catastrophic medical disorders,
ranked by the WHO as one of the top ten
illnesses contributing to the global burden of
disease.
• Males shows symptoms at a younger age
than females.

4. • It is a chronic and severe mental disorder
that affect how a person think feel and
behaves. People with schizophrenia may
seem like they have lost touch with reality.

5. Incidence/Prevalence
• Lifetime prevalence rates range from .5% to
1%
• Low incidence rate also – 1 per 10,000 per
year.
• Onset from adolescence to age 45.
• Men have earlier onset (18-25) than women
(25-35)

6. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Signs and symptoms falls into 2 catagories.
- Positive symptoms
- Negative symptoms

7. • POSITIVE SYMPTOMS
Positive symptoms are thoughts, behaviours , or
sensory perceptions present in a person with a
mental disorder, but not present in people in the
normal population.
- Hallucination
- Delusions
- Thought disorder
- Movement disorder

8. NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS
• These are thoughts, feelings or behaviors
normally present that are absent or
diminished in a person with a mental disorder.
• Flatten affect
• Reduced feelings of pleasure in everyday
activities.
• Difficulty in beginning and sustaining activities
• Reduced speaking.

9. Diagnosis
• Two or more for atleast one month. each
present for a significant portion of time during
a 1-month period.
1- Delusions
2- Halucination
3- Disorganized speech
4- Disorganized or catatonic behaviour
5- Negative symptoms

10. • Impairment in one of the major areas of
functioning.
• Signs must last for continuous period must
include at least one month of symptoms.
• Schizo affective disorder bipolar must be ruled
out.

11. 2- It must not be caused by any medical
condition.
3- if history of autism spectrum disorder or
communication disoder diagnosis is only made,
if delusion or halucination along with other
symptoms are present.

12. Other symtoms
• Inappropriate affect
• Disturbed sleep pattern
• Dysphoric mood
• Anxiety and phobias
• Derealisation
• Lack insight
• Hostility and aggression

13. • Lack of motivation (avolition)
• Social withdrawal
• Cognitive difficulties

14. Etiology
• Genetic inheritance
• Chemical imbalance in the brain
• Family relationships
• Environmental factors

15. Treatments for schizophrenia
• Medication.
• Psychological counselling.
• Self-help resources.

16. Thank you