2. Do you know someone with
Schizophrenia?
 According to the National
Institute of Health.
Schizophrenia is a chronic,
severe, and disabling brain
disorder that has affected
people through history. At any
one time, about 7 in 1,000
adults have schizophrenia.
The chance of getting
Schizophrenia at some point in
your life is 1 in 100.

3. Do you know someone with
Schizophrenia?(Cont.)
 Schizophrenia tends to affect people for the
first time as young adults. The average age
for first getting symptoms is 25.(N.I.H)
 However, the fact that even if a person
shares 100% of the genes (that is, they are
an identical twin) there is only a 48% of
developing schizophrenia .

4. (Cont.)
 suggests that there are many
"environmental" influences that also
determine whether a person develops
schizophrenia. Environmental - in this
definition - includes everything from the
nutritional environment or viruses that a baby
is subjected to in the womb, to social
environment growing up, to teen drug use or
stress.

6. What is Schizophrenia?
 According to
MentalHealth.com The
schizophrenic disorders are
characterized in general by
fundamental and characteristic
distortions of thinking and
perception, and affects that
are inappropriate or blunted.
Clear consciousness and
intellectual capacity are usually
maintained although certain
cognitive deficits may evolve in
the course of time.
.

7. Positive Symptoms (Cont.)
• Delusions – false beliefs that have no basis
in reality; persecutory, religious, grandiose,
reference, somatic
• Hallucinations - false perceptions in the
absence of any relevant sensory stimulus;
auditory are most common; lack of control
over hallucinations is key feature

8. Positive Symptoms (Cont.)
 Disorganized speech – thought-content and thought-
form symptomatology; derailment, neologisms, word
salad, excessive concreteness
 Grossly disorganized behavior – can be manifested
in a variety of ways
 Catanonia – igidity, negativism, posturing, waxy
flexibility; echopraxia and echolalia; excitement

9. Negative Symptom (Cont.)
 According to the Harvard Medical School, These
“negative” symptoms are so called because they are an
absence as much as a presence: inexpressive faces,
blank looks, monotone and monosyllabic speech, few
gestures, seeming lack of interest in the world and
other people, inability to feel pleasure or act
spontaneously. About 25% of patients with
schizophrenia have a condition called the deficit
syndrome, defined by severe and persistent negative
symptoms.
 http://www.health.harvard.edu/fhg/updates/upd

10. Cognitive Symptom (Cont.)
 According to reliefhealth.org Cognitive symptoms are subtle and are often detected
only when neuropsychological tests are performed. They include the following:
 poor "executive functioning" (the ability to absorb and interpret information and
make decisions based on that information),
 inability to sustain attention, and
 problems with "working memory" (the ability to keep recently learned information in
mind and use it right away)
 Cognitive impairments often interfere with the patient's ability to lead a normal life
and earn a living. They can cause great emotional distress.

11. What causes Schizophrenia?
 As stated in the National Alliance on Mental
Health official website, While an exact cause of
schizophrenia is still unknown, researchers do
know that the brains of people living with
schizophrenia are different from those
undiagnosed with the illness. It is too early to
classify schizophrenia as either a
neurodevelopmental (impairment of the growth
and development of the brain) or a
neurodegenerative (progressive loss of structure
or function of neurons) disorder, as both seem to
occur over the course of the illness. Research
strongly suggests the emergence of
schizophrenia is a result of both genetic and
environmental factors.

12. Types of treatments
 1.Institutional
 2.Antipsychotic
Medications
 3.Theraphy

13. Institutional (Cont.)
 John Hopkins
Schizophrenia
Center: Conduct
research and
provides housing
for Schizophrenia
patients.

14. Antipsychotic Medication
 Antipsychotic medications
Antipsychotic medications have been available since
the mid-1950's. The older types are called
conventional or "typical" antipsychotics. Some of the
more commonly used typical medications include:
 Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
 Haloperidol (Haldol)
 Perphenazine (Etrafon, Trilafon)
 Fluphenazine (Prolixin).
 In the 1990's, new antipsychotic medications were
developed. These new medications are called second
generation, or "atypical" antipsychotics. One of these
medications, clozapine (Clozaril) is an effective
medication that treats psychotic symptoms,
hallucinations, and breaks with reality. However,
Clozaril lowers white blood cell count. Patients have to
get a blood test every two weeks.

15. THERAPHY
According to US National Library of Medicine
National Institutes of Health Many patients with
schizophrenia have psychological distress and
receive some form of psychotherapy. Several
different psychotherapeutic approaches for
schizophrenia have been developed and studied. Of
these approaches, cognitive behavior therapy has
the strongest evidence base and has shown benefit
for symptom reduction in outpatients with residual
symptoms. In addition to cognitive behavior therapy,
other approaches include compliance therapy,
personal therapy, acceptance and commitment
therapy, and supportive therapy. Although usually
studied as distinct approaches, the therapies
overlap with each other in their therapeutic
elements.