Scheme lesson for Geografie by Teodorescu Mihaela

1. Scheme lesson - Major units of land relief
Earth's topography consists of 3 major groups:
1. MACROFORME
• Continents
- is a large stretch of land surrounded by oceans and seas which resulted from tectonic forces ,
- are made up of sedimentary rocks , igneous and metamorphic rocks ,
- 7 continents : Asia , North and South America , Africa, Antarctica , Europe, Australia
- the highest average altitude (1000 m ) holds Asia
• Oceans
- it is a large stretch of water accumulated in a tectonic depression framed by communicating
with the other continents and oceans,
- four oceans : Pacific , Atlantic , Indian , Arctic ,
- the greatest depth has Pacific Ocean - Mariana Trench (- 11,022 m)
2. MEZOFORME
a) existing landforms continents :
• mountain
- landform
- 1000 - 8800 m altitude ,
- composed of sedimentary rocks , igneous and / or metamorphic ,
- after the genesis of mountains can be:
 volcanic
 of orogenesis ,
 erosion
- after age there :
 mountains caledonia ,
 hercynian mountains ,
 alpine mountains
• hill
- landform ,
- 300 - 1000 m altitude
- composed mainly of volcanic or metamorphic or sedimentary rocks called knolls ,
- after genesis are:
 hills erosion ,
 hills of such

2. • plateau
- landform ,
- over 200/300 m altitude
- composed of sedimentary rocks ,
- shows the inter- wide form of plateau,
- the result :
erosion , fragmentation and slight heightening of ancient mountains ,
epirogenetic ascension of plains
• plain
- landform ,
- 0-300 m altitude ,
- composed of sedimentary rocks
- is carcaterizeaza by a smooth or slightly wavy
- after genesis exist:
accumulation plain ,
plain of erosion.
b ) existing landforms from the oceans :
• platform coastal or continental self is an area
submerged continents that lean toward shore continental
slope ( 0 to -200 m depth)
• abrupt or continental slope is the connection between
self and seabed (- 200 m - - 4000m depth)
• abysmal plains are from - 4000 to -6000 m deep , is
composed of sedimentary rocks and basaltic
- abysmal pit is a ditch that crosses the tectonic crust on
different depths ,

3. - dorsal is a landform submerged ocean bottoms specific aspect of the ridge ,
3. MICROFORMATS:
• depression
• valley
• interfluve