This document describes various landforms and ocean features. It discusses several types of mountains including mountain chains, massifs, and plateaus. It also describes different types of plains such as alluvial plains, coastal plains, and peneplains. Additionally, the document outlines various ocean features including the continental shelf, continental slope, abyssal plains, trenches, and ocean ridges. These landforms and ocean features are characterized by their elevations, shapes, geological origins, and locations around the world.

2. a) Mountains chains: very high elevations
- Mountains ranges (high and sharp) -cordilleras-
- Massifs: Old mountains ranges (round) -macizos-
b) Plateaus / mesetas: high flat areas
- Mesas or páramos.
- Peneplain -penillanura-
c) Plains: low flat areas.
- Alluvial plains (rivers) Llanuras aluviales
- Coastal plains (sea) Llanuras costeras.
d) Basins: low areas below sea level. (depresiones)
e) Valleys:
- Glaciar Valleys “U-Shape”
- River valleys “V-Shape”
- “Cannons” or gorges (gargantas)

3. “Young” mountains chains: high and sharp
(current tectonic plates contact)
Sharp and high
+3500 metres.
The Alps,
Switzerland

4. Old mountains chains (round, eroded)
Old tectonic contact.
Old round
Mountains chains
900 metres
Ourense
Galicia

5. Plateau: High flat areas from eroded mountains
(more than 500 metres).
Wide high plain
slope
Harder
layers

6. Páramo or mesa (isolated plateau,
or reliefs with flat peak)
Flat peak
More paramos
Colorado
USA

7. Very flat land, usually less than 300 metres high.

8. Hilly plain, with river valleys, and not completly flat
(llanura con colinas)
350 metres
Over sea
valleys
Old mountain chains
Hills
Cáceres

9. “Wavy appearance”
Low rocky
hills
Cáceres

10. Very low areas, sometimes below sea level,
usually in wide river valleys.
Ebro
Basin,
Aragón

11. U-shape
valley

12. Narrow valleys in the mountain chains, formed by
rivers.

13. 1. Coastal plain (llanura costera)
(beginning of the continental shelf)
2. Cliffs (acantilados)
(sharp end of coastline)
3. Capes (cabos): narrow portion of land
entering in sea)
3. Gulfs (big) and bays (small). (Golfos & bahías)
(water entering in land)
4. Peninsulas
(land entering in water)
5. Archipelagues
(group of islands)
6. Atoll (atolón)
7. Straits (estrechos). (lands narrowly divided
by water)

14. Padre Island
Texas, USA
This plains are caused by proximity to
Continental shelf. Very low areas
Flat land

15. Gulf of
México
USA
México
Peninsula
Florida
Peninsula
Yucatán
Bahamas
Archipelague
Texas & Louisiana
Coastal plain

16. Cliffs: sharp ending of the continental land.
Mohen,
Ireland
Layers of
Sedimentary rocks

17. Narrow portions of land entering in the sea.

18. Portion of water surrounded partialy by the coastal line.
Bay or
Harbour.

19. Gulf of
México
USA
México
Peninsula
Florida
Peninsula
Yucatán
Bahamas
Archipelague
Texas
plain
Portion of water surrounded partialy by the continent,
(much bigger than a bay).

20. Piece of land almost
entirely surrounded by
Water.
Iberian
Peninsula.

21. Gulf of
México
USA
México
Peninsula
Florida
Peninsula
Yucatán
Bahamas
Archipelague

22. Group of islands in the sea or ocean.
Canarias
islands

23. Gulf of
México
USA
México
Peninsula
Florida
Peninsula
Yucatán
Bahamas
Archipelague
Cuba

24. a) Continental shelf: underwater plateau
200 m. deep
b) Abyssal plain: underwater plateau
+ 4000 m. deep.
c) Continental slope: the slope between both of
them.
d) Trench (fosas): very deep, in the contact of
tectonic plates.
e) Ridges (dorsales oceánicas): mountain ranges
in the oceans.

25. a) plataforma continental: llanura submarina
200 m. profundidad
c) Talud continental (caída de la plataforma
continental hasta la llanura abisal)
c) Llanura abisal (llanura a 4000 metros prof.)
d) Fosas oceánicas: muy profundas, por
subducción de placas oceánicas.
e) dorsales oceánicas: cordilleras oceánicas
provocadas por la separación de placas.

26. Continental shelf: plain behind the water
of the sea, quite hollow

28. Continental slope: end of the continental shelf, falling
To the abbysal plain.
Continental slope

29. Trench
(fosa)
Abyssal plain, very deep (+4000 metres)

30. 4. Ocean Ridge / dorsal oceánica
Lava in ridges
Mountain chains in the middle
of the ocean, created by the
Division of tectonic plates.

31. Deepest places in the oceans, more than 8000 metres.