Chemistry lesson by Nikolaos Georgolios

1. Experimental School of University of Macedonia
By the following students:
Kaouni Anna,Miliadou Athanasia,Gavridis Dimitris, Zachariadis
Simos,Vakouftsis Dimitris,Christoforidou Athina,Psounou Evaggelia,
Taousiani Georgia , Vareljis George and Koronidis Dimitris
Supervisor teacher: Georgolios Nikolaos, Chemist
Translated in English by: Anna Kaouni and Athanasia Miliadou

2. People tend to have a more
healthier life.
So, daily needs adjust to these
models.
As the teeth cleaning is a daily
need, more scientists research
toothpastes which have simple
and natural ingredients.

3. The toothpaste
came from
Egypt and
consisted of
powdered
pumice and
vinegar.
Then
toothpaste
was changed
by Greeks and
Romans.
In 19th century
toothpaste
started to have
a standard
form. It was
usually
consisted of
chalk,
pulverized
brick and salt.
In1892, Dr
Washington
Sheffield was
the first who
put the
toothpaste into
a tube.

4. Glycerin
Artificial sweeteners
Fluorine
Titanium oxide

5. First, we
preferred
recipes which
have simple
and cheap
ingredients.
After
experiments
we ended up
to two
recipes,
based on
baking soda.
Baking soda
acts as
whitening,
whereas it
creates an
alkaline
environment,
which is
preferable.

6. The
acidity
The
whitening
power Investigated two
basic properties
of homemade
toothpaste.

8. Main Ingredients: Also, we added:
7gr baking soda 1ml orange flavour
3gr salt Little clove
4ml glycerin -
1,5ml water -

9. The final result,
in which we
ended up, it
was a mixture
with sandy
texture.
The add of
orange flavour
made our
mixture liquid.
In a purpose
to improve our
product we
added some
baking soda.

10. 1st recipe
Baking Soda
Salt
Glycerin
Water

11. 45,18% baking soda
16,72% salt
29,73% glycerin
8,36% water

12. Main ingredients: Also, we added:
20 gr baking soda 2,5ml food coloring
9 ml glycerine
A little citric acid (xino), which
lowers the pH.
1-2 gr Cyamopsis
tetragonolobus
Little clover

14. In order to discern the
whitening power:
•We choose to use white
eggs' shells because the
composition of eggs’ shells
looks like this on our teeth.

15. So we boiled
white eggs
into the water,
in which we
put different
foods, such as
black tea,
onions,
cabbage etc.

16. And here is the result…

17. • We separated the eggs in two parts with a
black marker.First
• In the one side we brush with our homemade
toothpaste and in the other side with the
commercial one.
Then
• We noticed that the homemade toothpaste
has a better whitening power.Finally

19. The acidity
(pH) of the
toothpaste
was measured
with small
electronic
pHmeters or
pH-paper
First the
homemade
toothpaste’s
and after the
commercial’s
one.

21. Toothpastes
pH measured
with a pH-
meter
pH
measured
with pH-
paper
Homemade 9,4 9
Commercial 7,2 7

22. Toothpastes
pH measured
with a pH-
meter
pH
measured
with pH-
paper
Homemade 7,5 8
Commercial 7,2 7

23. The most successful recipe
was the second one,
because we noticed that
it’s pH looks like the
commercial toothpaste’s
pH.
Content of materials in
amounts% w/w:
60,6% baking soda,
6,3% Cyamopsis
tetragonolobus,
27,3% glycerin
and 6% food coloring.

24. 2nd recipe
Baking Soda
Cyamopsis
tetragonolobus
Glycerin
Food Coloring

25. We warehoused our toothpastes into airtight
jars and we noticed that they can stay invariat
for a long time in the frigde.
Finally

27. In the homemade
toothpaste the
whitening power was
better,the reason
why this happen is
the fine granules.

28. The
homemade
toothpaste’s
pH is
approximately
8.
Slightly basic
(alkaline)
environment…
…is needed to
neutralize the acidity
produced by the
transformation of the
sugars to acids into
the mouth.

29. Cheap and
healthy
ingredients.
Without chemicals
which focus on
the appearance
of the product.
It doesn’t look
attractive.
It doesn’t have
creamy texture.
Deficiency of
fluoride.

30. Do you think it’s time
to use the homemade
toothpaste instead of
the commercial one?

31. By the following students:
Kaouni Anna,
Miliadou Athanasia,
Gavridis Dimitris,
Zachariadis Simos,
Vakouftsis Dimitris,
Christoforidou Athina,
Psonou Evagelia,
Tausani Geogia ,
Vareljis George
Koronidis Dimitris
Supervisor teacher:
Georgolios Nikolaos, Chemical
Translated by:
Kaouni Anna
Athanasia Miliadou
Nice teeth!