ACTIVE FAULTS OF PAKISTAN, Main Karakoram Thrust Raikot Fault Panjal-Khairabad Thrust Riasi Thrust Salt Range Thrust Bannu Fault Chaman Transform Fault Quetta-Chiltan Fault Pab Fault Allah Bund Fault Hoshab Fault Makran Coastal Fault Main Mantle Thrust Main Boundary Thrust Himalayan Frontal Thrust Jhelum Fault Kalabagh Fault Kurram Fault Ornach-Nal Transform Fault Kirthar Fault Kutch Mainland Fault Nagar Parkar Fault Nai Rud Fault Main Mantle Thrust Main Boundary Thrust Himalayan Frontal Thrust Jhelum Fault Kalabagh Fault Kurram Fault Ornach-Nal Transform Fault Kirthar Fault Kutch Mainland Fault Nagar Parkar Fault Nai Rud Fault Main Mantle Thrust Main Boundary Thrust Himalayan Frontal Thrust Jhelum Fault Kalabagh Fault Kurram Fault Ornach-Nal Transform Fault Kirthar Fault Kutch Mainland Fault Nagar Parkar Fault Nai Rud Fault

1. Azhar Mahmood
Roll # 225
EVENING B
BS APPLIED GEOLOGY

2. ACTIVE FAULTS OF
PAKISTAN
PRESENTING TO: SIR MIRZA
SHAHID BAIG

3. Active Fault
• An active fault is a fault that is likely to become
the source of another earthquake sometime in
the future. Geologists commonly
consider faultsto be active if there has been
movement observed or evidence of seismic
activity during the last 10,000 years.
Fault is a weakness in the rock strata that can
shift and create an earthquake.

4. 4
Being located close to the collision boundary of the Indian
and Eurasian plates, Pakistan lies in a seismically active zone.
Owing to high population density near seismically active
areas, it is imperative that buildings should withstand the
seismic hazard to which these may be exposed during their
life time.
OVERVIEW
Seismic Zoning map is prepared on a rigorous exercise based
on compilation of geological, tectonic and seismicity data
from Pakistan and its immediate surroundings. Only a brief
account of salient seismotectonic features, seismicity and
methodology adopted for seismic hazard zonation are
mentioned here.

5. 5
Pakistan is characterized by extensive zones of moderate to high
seismicity, induced by the regional collisional tectonics associated
with Indian and Eurasian plates and resulting in manifestation of great
Himalayan and associated mountain ranges.
The geographic domain of Pakistan comprises a network of active
seismotectonic defined five broad seismotectonic zones
1) Himalayan seismotectonic zone in the north,
2) Suleman-Kirthar thurst-fold belt,
3) Chaman-Ornach Nal Trasform Fault Zone,
4) Makran Subduction Zone in the west, and
5) Run of Kutch Seismotectonic Zone in the southeast.
The Pamir-Hinukush Seismic Zone straddles across Afghanistan and
Tajikistan outside Pakistan but in close vicinity of the NW Pakistan
comprising District Chitral.
Major Faults of Pakistan

6. 6
1. Main Karakoram Thrust
2. Raikot Fault
3. Panjal-Khairabad Thrust
4. Riasi Thrust
5. Salt Range Thrust
6. Bannu Fault
7. Chaman Transform Fault
8. Quetta-Chiltan Fault
9. Pab Fault
10.Allah Bund Fault
11.Hoshab Fault
12.Makran Coastal Fault
Major Faults of Pakistan
Major active faults of Pakistan and surrounding areas that strongly influence
the seismic hazard are listed below:
13.Main Mantle Thrust
14.Main Boundary Thrust
15.Himalayan Frontal Thrust
16.Jhelum Fault
17.Kalabagh Fault
18.Kurram Fault
19.Ornach-Nal Transform Fault
20.Kirthar Fault
21.Kutch Mainland Fault
22.Nagar Parkar Fault
23.Nai Rud Fault

7. Jhelum fault
 It is an important strike-slip fault trending north-south.
Between Muzaffarabad and Kohala, this fault
apparently dislocates the MBT and a left-lateral offset of
about 30 km is indicted on the western limb of the
syntaxis (see Figure 5-3). In this region of Murree,
Abbottabad and Hazara the geological formations are
extremely deformed as well as displaced several km
south wards.
It is the youngest and active major tectonic feature in
the syntaxial zone. Based on the seismicity, the fault is
quite an active one.

8. The Main Karakoram Thrust
(MKT)
 The Main Karakoram Thrust or the northern mega
shear represents the collision zone of
the southern margin of the Eurasian plate in Asia and
extends into the Baltistan area.
 seismically active thrust with a large number of
earthquakes of low to
medium intensity.

9. Punjal Thrust
• Punjal thrust Fault is a significant active tectonic
characteristic of some regional importance. It also
comprised of several segments. This fault meets the
Khairabad fault situated on Northern Attock Cherat
range. Therefore, it is also known as Punjal- Khairabad
thrust.
Kurram Fault
•Kurram Thrust is a NNE-WSW trending north-ward
dipping active tectonic feature separating the Kakar
Khorsan Flysh basin in the north and the west from
Bela Ophiolite thrust and fold belt in the east and
south.

10. Chaman Transverse Fault
• Chaman fault is one of the major left-lateral
transform faults of Pakistan.
• Chaman fault is an active plate boundary which
defines the western periphery of Indo-Pakistan
plate.
• It connects Makran convergence zone with
Himalayan convergence zone (Indo-Pakistan
plate is under-thrusting the Eurasian plate here).
• Chaman fault is amongst the most significant
and the active geodynamic features which has a
wide fault zone.

11. Kirthar Fault
• Kirthar fault along with the other N-S trending en-
chelon faults of the Kirthar range front and foothills are
considered seismically active.
• A number of earthquake epicenters are located in this
region, which have been associated with this fault.
Pab Fault
• located along western boundary of Khude fold belt.
• Pab thrust is considered seismically active, located in
the north-west vicinity of Karachi.

12. Nai Rud Fault
• Nai rud fault is quite an active thrust fault.
• Situated in the vicinity fold and thrust belt pertaining to
the makran convergence zone and trending east-west.
Run of Kutch Fault
• Run of Kutch is an active fault of regional extent having
an east-west orientation.
• The extensions of this fault in the east as well as the
west are, in fact, not so well-defined.
• It is seismically active, which is evident by
several major and minor earthquakes associated to this
regional tectonic boundary.

13. 13
SEMINAR ACI CODE
After NESPAK 2006
Tirich Mir-Misgar F.
MKT
MMT
Panjal T.
MBT
Raisi T.
Jhelum F.
Kalabagh F.
SRT
Indus-Kohistan F
Muzafarabad T.
Kurram T.
Waziristan T.
Sulaiman Frontal
T.
Kirthar F.
Pab F.
OrnachNal F.
MakranSubduction Zone
Chaman F.
Ghazaband T.
Hoshab F.
Hoshab F.
Rann of Kuchh F.
Fault Map of
Pakistan

14. These zones of high seismic activity in Pakistan could very
easily be recognized from this figure.