Contains all information you need for an introduction to 3d printing. Includes:
What is 3d printing?
Why use 3d printing?
When did it begin?
How does it work? + 2 small videos to show the same
Recent developments and future
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to;
define segmentation.
Describe edge based in segmentation.
describe thresholding and its properties.
apply edge detection and thresholding as segmentation techniques.
This document discusses digital image processing and image enhancement. It provides an introduction to digital image processing and lists some of its applications. It describes two types of image processing - analog and digital. Digital image enhancement is then discussed in more detail, including the goals of enhancement, different techniques, and areas where enhancement is used. The document reviews several image enhancement techniques from literature and identifies some limitations. It then defines the objectives of the proposed work as resolving these limitations and comparing different enhancement techniques to select the best for specific tasks. The methodology describes using MATLAB to acquire, process, enhance and output images.
Computed radiography and direct/digital radiography are two digital imaging techniques. Computed radiography uses an imaging plate that captures x-ray data, which is then converted to a digital image. Direct digital radiography uses detectors like TFT or flat panel detectors to directly capture x-ray data digitally. Both techniques offer benefits over traditional film like faster imaging and easier sharing of images.
The document discusses factors that affect medical image quality, including contrast, resolution, noise, and artifacts. It describes how image quality is determined by the imaging method, equipment characteristics, and imaging variables. It then explains several key factors in more detail:
- Contrast is affected by subject properties like tissue characteristics as well as acquisition factors like x-ray energy. Contrast can also be impacted by processing and display.
- Resolution is determined by an imaging system's ability to differentiate objects and is measured by the point spread function and modulation transfer function.
- Noise originates from imaging system sources and can degrade images, though acquisition parameters and reconstruction techniques can help reduce it.
- Artifacts are irregular image
The document discusses various types of filters that can be used to reduce noise in digital images, including mean filters, median filters, and order statistics filters. Mean filters include arithmetic, geometric, and harmonic filters, which reduce noise by calculating the mean pixel value within a neighborhood. Median filters select the median pixel value within a neighborhood to reduce salt and pepper noise while retaining edges. Adaptive filters modify their behavior based on statistical properties of local regions in order to better reduce noise without excessive blurring.
Contains all information you need for an introduction to 3d printing. Includes:
What is 3d printing?
Why use 3d printing?
When did it begin?
How does it work? + 2 small videos to show the same
Recent developments and future
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to;
define segmentation.
Describe edge based in segmentation.
describe thresholding and its properties.
apply edge detection and thresholding as segmentation techniques.
This document discusses digital image processing and image enhancement. It provides an introduction to digital image processing and lists some of its applications. It describes two types of image processing - analog and digital. Digital image enhancement is then discussed in more detail, including the goals of enhancement, different techniques, and areas where enhancement is used. The document reviews several image enhancement techniques from literature and identifies some limitations. It then defines the objectives of the proposed work as resolving these limitations and comparing different enhancement techniques to select the best for specific tasks. The methodology describes using MATLAB to acquire, process, enhance and output images.
Computed radiography and direct/digital radiography are two digital imaging techniques. Computed radiography uses an imaging plate that captures x-ray data, which is then converted to a digital image. Direct digital radiography uses detectors like TFT or flat panel detectors to directly capture x-ray data digitally. Both techniques offer benefits over traditional film like faster imaging and easier sharing of images.
The document discusses factors that affect medical image quality, including contrast, resolution, noise, and artifacts. It describes how image quality is determined by the imaging method, equipment characteristics, and imaging variables. It then explains several key factors in more detail:
- Contrast is affected by subject properties like tissue characteristics as well as acquisition factors like x-ray energy. Contrast can also be impacted by processing and display.
- Resolution is determined by an imaging system's ability to differentiate objects and is measured by the point spread function and modulation transfer function.
- Noise originates from imaging system sources and can degrade images, though acquisition parameters and reconstruction techniques can help reduce it.
- Artifacts are irregular image
The document discusses various types of filters that can be used to reduce noise in digital images, including mean filters, median filters, and order statistics filters. Mean filters include arithmetic, geometric, and harmonic filters, which reduce noise by calculating the mean pixel value within a neighborhood. Median filters select the median pixel value within a neighborhood to reduce salt and pepper noise while retaining edges. Adaptive filters modify their behavior based on statistical properties of local regions in order to better reduce noise without excessive blurring.
Este documento describe diferentes tipos de planos utilizados en la filmación. Los planos incluyen el plano general, que muestra al sujeto y el entorno; el plano entero que captura al sujeto de pies a cabeza; el plano medio que va de la cabeza a la cintura; y los primeros planos que se enfocan en la cara y los hombros o una parte del cuerpo. Cada plano ofrece una perspectiva diferente que puede comunicar información y expresar la realidad de varias maneras.
This document provides an overview of the history and physics of ultrasound machines. It discusses how ultrasound works, including how sound waves are produced and received, how images are formed, and factors that affect image quality. The key components of an ultrasound machine are described, including the transducer probe, central processing unit, display, and storage devices. Different ultrasound imaging modes like A-mode, B-mode, and M-mode are introduced along with common medical applications of ultrasound imaging.
Jugando con los tipos de plano según tamañoPaula Iglesias
El documento describe diferentes tipos de planos según el tamaño y la distancia de la cámara al objeto, incluyendo planos detalle de la mano, marco y tulipán; planos generales y medios del dinosaurio y cubo; y planos figura de la mano, marco, tulipán y dinosaurio. El documento analiza cómo varios tipos de planos pueden usarse para comunicar información sobre un objeto.
The document provides a history of digital image processing from the early 1920s to present day. It discusses some of the earliest applications including transmitting newspaper images via submarine cable. Major developments occurred in the 1960s with improved computing enabling enhanced images from space missions. Digital image processing began being used for medical applications in the 1970s. The field has since expanded significantly with uses in areas like astronomy, art, medicine, law enforcement, and more. The document also defines digital images and digital image processing, and outlines some key stages in processing including acquisition, restoration, segmentation, and representation.
Noise2Score: Tweedie’s Approach to Self-Supervised Image Denoising without Cl...KwanyoungKim7
This document presents Noise2Score, a unified framework for self-supervised image denoising without clean images. It discusses how previous approaches like Noise2Noise, SURE, and supervised learning are special cases of Tweedie's formula for the exponential family. Noise2Score estimates the score function using an amortized residual denoising autoencoder, allowing it to denoise images with different noise models like Gaussian, Poisson, and Gamma noise, using the same network training. The framework provides a novel unified approach for self-supervised image denoising without requiring paired clean-noisy images.
The document discusses various aspects of digital photography including exposure controls like aperture, shutter speed, and ISO and how they impact photographs. It explains different camera modes like portrait, landscape, and macro mode and how they set the appropriate exposure settings for different types of subjects. The document also explores concepts like depth of field and includes exercises to demonstrate how changing the aperture can impact the area of the photograph that is in focus.
2D animation involves manipulating digital images, while 3D animation uses 3D models and virtual worlds to create animated scenes with depth. Traditional 2D animation was a lengthy hand-drawn process, while modern 2D and 3D animation is digital. Popular 2D animated movies include The Lion King and Spirited Away, while popular 3D animated movies include How to Train Your Dragon and Toy Story.
Con l’introduzione di una stampante 3D a scuola gli studenti acquisiscono conoscenze, capacità operative e strumentali nell’uso dei programmi di disegno CAD 3D e delle procedure di stampa.
Computed radiography (CR) uses phosphor plates instead of film to capture x-rays, producing a digital image. The plate is scanned with a laser, releasing electrons trapped during exposure. The electrons emit light detected by a photomultiplier tube and converted to a digital image. CR offers advantages over film like a wide exposure latitude, reusable plates, and faster digital images. The digital files can be stored and shared using PACS and DICOM standards.
The document discusses guidelines for effective photographic composition, including simplicity, the rule of thirds, lines, balance, framing, and avoiding mergers. It provides examples of properly and improperly composed photographs based on these principles. The guidelines are meant to help arrange elements in the picture area in a pleasing and attractive way that draws the viewer's eye.
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, involves laying down successive layers of material to build a three dimensional object from a digital file. The technology was developed in the 1980s by Charles Hull who created stereo lithography. Since then, other methods like fused deposition modeling and selective laser sintering were introduced. 3D models can be created using CAD software or 3D scanning, and are then converted into an STL file that the 3D printer reads to build the model layer by layer according to the digital design.
Photography - Composition. Leading lines, framing and rule of thirds.Betty Lowrance
Composition involves arranging subjects or objects in art. Leading lines help guide the viewer's eyes around the photograph towards a clear focal point. Framing uses borders or frames to direct attention to the subject, while the rule of thirds imagines dividing the image into thirds to place the main subject at the intersections for improved composition.
This document discusses different types of spatial filters that can be applied to images, including low-pass, high-pass, average, and median filters. Spatial filters work by applying a filter mask over an image and calculating new pixel values based on the neighborhood defined by the mask. Low-pass filters preserve low frequencies and are used for smoothing and blurring to reduce noise or small details. High-pass filters preserve high frequencies and are used to highlight edges and detail. Average filters reduce irrelevant detail through normalization, while median filters are effective for reducing salt-and-pepper noise with less blurring than linear filters.
The rule of thirds is a compositional guideline where an image's subject should be placed along imaginary lines that divide the frame into thirds both horizontally and vertically. Important elements are positioned at the lines' intersections or along them for more appealing composition compared to centering subjects. Photographers should consider leaving space in front of moving subjects and placing the horizon closer to the top or bottom third of frames rather than directly in the center. While not a strict rule, applying these principles can improve photo balance and impact.
This document discusses various techniques for image segmentation. It begins by defining image segmentation as dividing an image into constituent regions or objects based on visual characteristics. There are two main categories of segmentation techniques: edge-based techniques which detect discontinuities, and region-based techniques which partition images into regions of similarity. Popular region-based techniques include region growing, region splitting and merging, and watershed transformation. Edge-based techniques detect edges using methods like edge detection. The document provides an overview of these segmentation techniques and their applications in image analysis tasks.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound uses microbubbles and ultrasound to improve visualization of blood vessels and assessment of vascular perfusion. Microbubbles are spherical gas-filled shells approximately 1-4 micrometers in size composed of materials such as albumin or lipids. When combined with ultrasound imaging, they enhance the contrast between blood pools and surrounding tissues. This technique is useful for evaluation of organ perfusion and differentiation of benign and malignant lesions. Targeted microbubbles also show promise for molecular imaging applications.
The document provides information about camera operation, including focusing, exposure, shutter speeds, apertures, ISO settings, and depth of field. It discusses how changing shutter speeds and apertures while maintaining the same exposure is called equivalent exposure. It also summarizes copyright information, noting the document is for educational purposes and images are from various sources including the author's own work.
Este documento describe diferentes tipos de planos utilizados en la filmación. Los planos incluyen el plano general, que muestra al sujeto y el entorno; el plano entero que captura al sujeto de pies a cabeza; el plano medio que va de la cabeza a la cintura; y los primeros planos que se enfocan en la cara y los hombros o una parte del cuerpo. Cada plano ofrece una perspectiva diferente que puede comunicar información y expresar la realidad de varias maneras.
This document provides an overview of the history and physics of ultrasound machines. It discusses how ultrasound works, including how sound waves are produced and received, how images are formed, and factors that affect image quality. The key components of an ultrasound machine are described, including the transducer probe, central processing unit, display, and storage devices. Different ultrasound imaging modes like A-mode, B-mode, and M-mode are introduced along with common medical applications of ultrasound imaging.
Jugando con los tipos de plano según tamañoPaula Iglesias
El documento describe diferentes tipos de planos según el tamaño y la distancia de la cámara al objeto, incluyendo planos detalle de la mano, marco y tulipán; planos generales y medios del dinosaurio y cubo; y planos figura de la mano, marco, tulipán y dinosaurio. El documento analiza cómo varios tipos de planos pueden usarse para comunicar información sobre un objeto.
The document provides a history of digital image processing from the early 1920s to present day. It discusses some of the earliest applications including transmitting newspaper images via submarine cable. Major developments occurred in the 1960s with improved computing enabling enhanced images from space missions. Digital image processing began being used for medical applications in the 1970s. The field has since expanded significantly with uses in areas like astronomy, art, medicine, law enforcement, and more. The document also defines digital images and digital image processing, and outlines some key stages in processing including acquisition, restoration, segmentation, and representation.
Noise2Score: Tweedie’s Approach to Self-Supervised Image Denoising without Cl...KwanyoungKim7
This document presents Noise2Score, a unified framework for self-supervised image denoising without clean images. It discusses how previous approaches like Noise2Noise, SURE, and supervised learning are special cases of Tweedie's formula for the exponential family. Noise2Score estimates the score function using an amortized residual denoising autoencoder, allowing it to denoise images with different noise models like Gaussian, Poisson, and Gamma noise, using the same network training. The framework provides a novel unified approach for self-supervised image denoising without requiring paired clean-noisy images.
The document discusses various aspects of digital photography including exposure controls like aperture, shutter speed, and ISO and how they impact photographs. It explains different camera modes like portrait, landscape, and macro mode and how they set the appropriate exposure settings for different types of subjects. The document also explores concepts like depth of field and includes exercises to demonstrate how changing the aperture can impact the area of the photograph that is in focus.
2D animation involves manipulating digital images, while 3D animation uses 3D models and virtual worlds to create animated scenes with depth. Traditional 2D animation was a lengthy hand-drawn process, while modern 2D and 3D animation is digital. Popular 2D animated movies include The Lion King and Spirited Away, while popular 3D animated movies include How to Train Your Dragon and Toy Story.
Con l’introduzione di una stampante 3D a scuola gli studenti acquisiscono conoscenze, capacità operative e strumentali nell’uso dei programmi di disegno CAD 3D e delle procedure di stampa.
Computed radiography (CR) uses phosphor plates instead of film to capture x-rays, producing a digital image. The plate is scanned with a laser, releasing electrons trapped during exposure. The electrons emit light detected by a photomultiplier tube and converted to a digital image. CR offers advantages over film like a wide exposure latitude, reusable plates, and faster digital images. The digital files can be stored and shared using PACS and DICOM standards.
The document discusses guidelines for effective photographic composition, including simplicity, the rule of thirds, lines, balance, framing, and avoiding mergers. It provides examples of properly and improperly composed photographs based on these principles. The guidelines are meant to help arrange elements in the picture area in a pleasing and attractive way that draws the viewer's eye.
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, involves laying down successive layers of material to build a three dimensional object from a digital file. The technology was developed in the 1980s by Charles Hull who created stereo lithography. Since then, other methods like fused deposition modeling and selective laser sintering were introduced. 3D models can be created using CAD software or 3D scanning, and are then converted into an STL file that the 3D printer reads to build the model layer by layer according to the digital design.
Photography - Composition. Leading lines, framing and rule of thirds.Betty Lowrance
Composition involves arranging subjects or objects in art. Leading lines help guide the viewer's eyes around the photograph towards a clear focal point. Framing uses borders or frames to direct attention to the subject, while the rule of thirds imagines dividing the image into thirds to place the main subject at the intersections for improved composition.
This document discusses different types of spatial filters that can be applied to images, including low-pass, high-pass, average, and median filters. Spatial filters work by applying a filter mask over an image and calculating new pixel values based on the neighborhood defined by the mask. Low-pass filters preserve low frequencies and are used for smoothing and blurring to reduce noise or small details. High-pass filters preserve high frequencies and are used to highlight edges and detail. Average filters reduce irrelevant detail through normalization, while median filters are effective for reducing salt-and-pepper noise with less blurring than linear filters.
The rule of thirds is a compositional guideline where an image's subject should be placed along imaginary lines that divide the frame into thirds both horizontally and vertically. Important elements are positioned at the lines' intersections or along them for more appealing composition compared to centering subjects. Photographers should consider leaving space in front of moving subjects and placing the horizon closer to the top or bottom third of frames rather than directly in the center. While not a strict rule, applying these principles can improve photo balance and impact.
This document discusses various techniques for image segmentation. It begins by defining image segmentation as dividing an image into constituent regions or objects based on visual characteristics. There are two main categories of segmentation techniques: edge-based techniques which detect discontinuities, and region-based techniques which partition images into regions of similarity. Popular region-based techniques include region growing, region splitting and merging, and watershed transformation. Edge-based techniques detect edges using methods like edge detection. The document provides an overview of these segmentation techniques and their applications in image analysis tasks.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound uses microbubbles and ultrasound to improve visualization of blood vessels and assessment of vascular perfusion. Microbubbles are spherical gas-filled shells approximately 1-4 micrometers in size composed of materials such as albumin or lipids. When combined with ultrasound imaging, they enhance the contrast between blood pools and surrounding tissues. This technique is useful for evaluation of organ perfusion and differentiation of benign and malignant lesions. Targeted microbubbles also show promise for molecular imaging applications.
The document provides information about camera operation, including focusing, exposure, shutter speeds, apertures, ISO settings, and depth of field. It discusses how changing shutter speeds and apertures while maintaining the same exposure is called equivalent exposure. It also summarizes copyright information, noting the document is for educational purposes and images are from various sources including the author's own work.
Mini corso di physical computing. Ispirato ai libri e alle lezioni di Tom Igoe e di Max Romero, un mini corso di 3 ore per capire cos'è il physical computing e come applicarlo a un caso reale: una lampada da far evolvere esempio dopo esempio.
3D scanner & Reverse Engineering. Una panoramica sulle tecnologie di reverse engineering e sui modelli di scanner commerciali e open source/DIY. Come riparare i file con Meshlab e netfabb. Uso della kinect.
Strumenti e sistemi di progettazione per la stampa 3DClaudio Gasparini
Nel 2006 è scaduto il brevetto della tecnologia FDM – Fused deposition modeling (Modellazione a deposizione fusa) per le stampanti 3D.
Nel febbraio 2014 è scaduto il brevetto della tecnologia di sinterizzazione, (Selective Laser Sintering o SLS)
Ora stanno arrivando le stampanti 3D SLS che sono più veloci e più precise.
"Italiani, scatenate la vostra creatività" Bre Pettis CEO di Makerbot
Dal mio intervento "Strumenti e sistemi di progettazione per la stampa 3D"
al SAIE Academy 2014 Bologna 25/10/2014
"Italians, unleash your creativity!" Bre Pettis CEO di Makerbot
This document provides an introduction to a computer graphics course. It defines computer graphics as using computers to communicate information visually in a managed and documented way. The course will cover topics like 2D and 3D viewing, modeling, rendering, animation and projects using OpenGL. It will include lectures, labs and assignments. The goal is to provide an overview of the key concepts and activities for the course.
Visual Content Marketing - GTConference Torino 8 GiugnoGiuliano Ambrosio
Scopriamo insieme il nuovo mondo del Visual Social Media Marketing in cui le immagini sono il contenuto principe del marketing. Andiamo ad analizzare come i brand utilizzano in modo pincipale Pinterest e Instagram per i propri fan, Case History di successo e strumenti utili per sfruttarlo al meglio!
The document discusses different methods for projecting 3D objects and scenes onto a 2D surface like a computer screen. It describes two main types of projections: perspective projections, which mimic how human vision works and introduce effects like foreshortening; and parallel projections, which do not include foreshortening but allow for easier measurement. Specific projection techniques covered include one-point, two-point, and three-point perspective, as well as orthographic, cavalier, and cabinet parallel projections. Key aspects like the center of projection and vanishing points are also explained.
Solo la tecnologia di prototipazione rapida FDM usa polimeri termoplastici standard (ABS, PC, PC-ABS). Conoscerla ed imparare a sfruttarne tutte le potenzialità apre ad un mondo di possibilità reali.
Slide per un corso sulla stampa 3D. Le slide raccontano la storia delle stampanti 3D in Italia e nel mondo, il funzionamento delle macchine e dei programmi per la stampa 3D.
This document discusses features of the planet Mars. It is the second brightest planet and contains the tallest known mountain in the solar system, Olympus Mons. The document also mentions Mars' atmosphere and North Pole.
[#CaseStudy] Quel giorno in cui sono diventato @ilWinnerTaco su TwitterGiuliano Ambrosio
Articolo completo su http://bit.ly/ilwinnertaco-su-twitter
L’unico scopo di questo esperimento è stato mettere alla prova Twitter in quanto canale di comunicazione, presidiando il canale senza danneggiare la marca e ingaggiando followers spontanei.
Dai concetti di base ai primi componenti e alla legge di ohm. Per capire come si conporta la corrente elettrica e la tensione, cos'è una resistenza. Mini guida per riconoscere le componenti elettroniche e realizzare i primi semplici circuiti.
Attraverso l’utilizzo dello scanner ATOS Compact della GOM, Skorpion propone un servizio di rilievo dimensionale e reverse engineering ad alta precisione.
http://www.skorpionengineering.com/index.php/it/progettazione/scansione3d-reverse-engineering
Dal reverse engineering alle applicazioni medicali, dall’architettura al controllo qualità, dalla prototipazione alla stampa 3D. Sempre più ambiti scoprono utile ricostruire un modello numerico di un oggetto che può essere poi trasformato per le proprie esigenze.
da Office Automation - settembre 2014
Applicazioni Open Source per il rilievo tridimensionale. Il caso studio dell...Giulio Bigliardi
G. Bigliardi, M. Bottacchi, S. Cappelli, L. Carmignani, Applicazioni Open Source per il rilievo tridimensionale. Il caso studio della Paleosuperficie 3a di Isernia la Pineta, convegno “INFOMOBILITY CULTURAL HERITAGE - Documentazione, valorizzazione museale, movimentazione e gestione delle emergenze per il Patrimonio mobile” (Organizzato da: TekneHub Università di Ferrara), Salone del Restauro, Ferrara.
Un buon motivo per essere operativi sulle funzionalità di base e di comune interesse di 3D Studio VIZ. Dare una informativa sulle funzionalità più evolute di 3D Studio VIZ. Fornire una chiara visione delle aree di applicabilità di 3D
Studio VIZ.
Al termine del corso il candidato sarà in grado di utilizzare e organizzare e gestire file e cartelle, lavorare con icone e la finestre, usare semplici strumenti di gestione testo e stampare documenti.
Shape Modeling è la disciplina che studia l'insieme di algoritmi e tecniche utilizzati per la creazione, la modifica e l'animazione di oggetti digitali. Si tratta di un interessante campo di studio e di applicazione in particolare nel settore dell'industria dell'intrattenimento. Questo intervento tratterà una revisione ampia e di alto livello del settore, sia in termini di ricerca di base che di applicazioni.
Bachelor's Thesis: Use of CAD technologies to optimize the productivity of a ...Pietro Galli
The Thesis was developed during the Internship at Plurigest SRL. It deals with one of the projects done during that experience. In particular the aim of this was to provide a plant layout for a Pellet Heating system.
All the components of the plant were designed on Solidworks and AutoCAD. Then was performed a study of the layout of the components in order to provide best solution in terms of space used and functioning.
If you’d like discover more about this project in the attachment there is the pdf version of the thesis (Italian language) and some pictures. For more info please contact me
Gli oggetti di uso quotidiano sono progettati per rompersi e per essere sostituiti dopo poco tempo. Questa "tendenza" ferisce a morte il nostro pianeta. Unisciti alla Repair Revolution e fai la tua parte per salvare la Terra. Inizia a riparare i tuoi oggetti: ti sembreranno più tuoi e te ne riapproprierai. Con le tecniche moderne è semplice riparare (quasi) qualsiasi cosa. Con un Arduino e una stampante 3D si possono riportare in vita o personalizzare oggetti destinati ad essere spazzatura. Questo è un corso semi-pratico per la riparazione degli oggetti.
Meccanica per Maker - Corso di Digital Fabrication presso la scuola CovaPaolo Aliverti
Nella lezione ho spiegato cosa fanno le macchine e quali sono le macchine "semplici" partendo dalle leve per spiegare ingranaggi, pulegge, carrucole, piani inclinati, viti e planetari. Gli studenti hanno sperimentato i concetti con i LEGO.
Digital Fabrication, IoT e Agile Business - Be@ctive - Provincia di LodiPaolo Aliverti
Per la tappa di Lodi di Be@ctive tour mi han chiesto di raccontare qualcosa delle mia esperienza come Digital Champion. Ho parlato di temi a me molto cari: Digital Fabrication, IoT e Agile Business.
Slide per un corso sulla stampa 3D. Le slide raccontano la storia delle stampanti 3D in Italia e nel mondo, il funzionamento delle macchine e dei programmi per la stampa 3D.
IED For Future - 2013 - Milano Spazio Anteo.
Paolo Aliverti spiega cos'è un FabLab, la storia di Frankenstein Garage e come fare business in tempo di crisi.
Catania 2013 - !st Ten Thousand Steps Club MeetingPaolo Aliverti
Le slide del mio intervento alla prima riunione del 10.000 steps club di Catania. Illustro cos'è un FabLab, la storia di FrankensteinGarage e come fare business in modo sostenibile (anche in tempo di crisi).
Programmazione degli ATTiny - Il computer nella scarpaPaolo Aliverti
Slide del workshop di programmazione del chip ATTiny come sostituto di arduino. Il chip ATTiny, di costo contenuto e di piccole dimensioni può stare in una scarpa (!) e può aiutarci nella realizzazione di progetti di Physical Computing
Slide del workshop/Corso su arduino e l'impiego di attuatori che richiedono forti correnti. Come collegare transistor, MOSFET, Relé, motori, servomotori ad Arduino senza danneggiarlo.
Workshop Elettronica di Base: "L'elettronica della sciura Maria"Paolo Aliverti
Dispense del corso di elettronica di base: "L'elettronica della sciura Maria". Impara i concetti base di corrente, tensione e resistenza. Utilizzo delle breadboard e composizione di semplici circuiti.
Introduzione a Internet delle cose - fai twittare la tua caffettiera in 5 minutiPaolo Aliverti
Siamo sempre più connessi: il numero di CPU ha superato gli abitanti del pianeta già nel 1994. Internet è ormai accessibile ovunque ci troviamo. Una nuova generazione di oggetti prende forma: si collegano ad Internet e sanno dirci se a casa fa caldo e se vogliamo accendere il condizionatore con un tweet. Far "parlare" gli oggetti non è difficile con le tecnologie attuali e l'open source è disponibile a tutti.
Nel nostro breve intervento vi illustreremo come raccogliere informazioni da un microcontrollore come Arduino e renderlo "sociale" pubblicando dati su Cosm (Pachube), twittando o raccogliendo informazioni dalla rete.
"Ciao, dove sei?" I nuovi paradigmi della comunicazione e delle interazioni sociali, permessi dai sempre più numerosi oggetti intelligenti che ci circondano, ci pongono all'interno di una rete...
3. Cos'è uno scanner 3D
un dispositivo che analizza gli oggetti o gli
ambienti del mondo reale per collezionare dati
sulle loro forme o sul loro aspetto, e per
costruire modelli tridimensionali digitali
4.
5. Intro / storia 1
Misurare
Primi tentativi per standardizzare le misure: 2600 AC nella valle
dell'Indo
240 AC Erastotene stimò la circonferenza della Terra al solstizio
d'estate misurando l'altezza del sole a Alexandria e Siene
1750 / 1850 Rivoluzione Industriale – la misura delle cose
divenne fondamentale
Primi metodi di misura per contatto diretto: calibri e metri
Pantografi per replicare gli oggetti
La rivoluzione c'è stata con le misure non invasive e a
distanza.
6. Intro / storia 2
Laser ranging systems have been in use in a variety of
industries for decades, with the first patented instruments
appearing as early as the late 1980’s.
3D scanning was first applied in the Architecture,
Engineering, and Construction industry in the 1990’s with
the market debut of the first integrated commercial systems
for 3D scanning
7.
8. Applicazioni / 1
A cosa serve? Quali applicazioni?
Product inspection – per vedere se un prodotto è uscito come
previsto (si misurano parti e rilevano difetti)
Medicina – si rilevano parti in 3D per creare protesi su misura.
Negl interventi la scansione è proiettata sul paziente
Product design
9. Applicazioni / 2
Edilizia – verifica che l'edificio sia uscito come previsto
Clothes fitting – misurazione del corpo – es esercito USA ha un
sistema di misurazione automatico
Art history
Sculptures & interesting objects to look at
Art: studying working techniques
Art history
Cultural heritage preservation
High-visibility project
Archaeology
Ricostruzione di parti e ricombinazione frammenti
Ricostruzione oggetti in 3D per evitare di toccarli
10. Applicazioni / 3
Computer graphics
Cinema
Giochi (hanno un fatturato maggiore del cinema)
Robot navigation
11. Possibilità tecnologiche
Contatto
Sonde a contatto
Trasmissive
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Ultrasuoni
Raggi X
Suoni e Vibrazioni
Riflessione
Ottica
Non ottica (radar e sonar)
13. Tecnologie ottiche
Shape from motion
Da analisi di una sequenza di immagini, ricavo l'oggetto in 3d
Shape from shading
Si evidenziano le forme illuminando l'oggetto da diversi punti
14. Tecnologie ottiche
Shape from texture
Si proietta una texture nota sull'oggetto e vedendo come si
deforma si ricava la forma dell'oggetto (esempio una serie di
righe)
15. Tecnologie ottiche
Shape from focus/defocus
Si determinano distanze e forme vedendo come e dove si
mette a fuoco l'immagine – la messa a fuoco dipende dalla
distanza
Tempo di volo del laser
Opera su grandi volumi (lati da 100m)
Precisione grossolana – 5mm
Per scavi archeologici, edifici, stanze
16. Tecnologie ottiche
Triangolazione
Una lama laser che scorre sull'oggetto
Laser e camera posti a triangolo con l'obj
Se camera e laser si muovono indipedentemente, è difficile
poi ricostruire con precisione. Molti scanner hanno camera e
laser fissi.
Per grandi oggetti si usano sistemi che muovono il gruppo di
scansione e gli fanno coprire delle piccole regioni (moto su tilt e
pan)
18. Distanze e colori
Misura della distanza e nuvola di punti
Scanning systems primarily capture the physical position of a
target object, represented as a series of points (forming a “point
cloud”) typically in Cartesian coordinates (XYZ). This is
accomplished by comparing the emitted and returned light pulse,
and determining the value of the target object in relation to the
position of the scanning instrument
Colori
determine the colour of the each point by using a camera (can be
built-in or seperate), which is represented by the commonly used
RGB (red, green, blue) value scale. Because scanners are optical
systems, only what the scanner can “see” is captured,
19. Precisione, Risoluzione, Accuratezza
Risoluzione: densità della nuvola di punti
Accuratezza: differenza tra misura e valore reale
Precisione: indica la correttezza della misura (posso avere un
point set preciso ma inaccurato – es se offset iniziale e non mi
accorgo)
Peggiorano con:
Distanza
Superficie riflettente
Velocità di scansione
Si va da qualche millimetro (5 mm) fino a frazioni di millimetro
(0,3 mm)
20.
21. Formato file
Lo scanner raccoglie una nuvola di punti che poi è raccolta in un
file
ASTM E57 File Format (XYX I RGB) questo rappresenta la
nuvola di punti
Questi formati derivano dal mondo grafico:
OBJ (con colori)
STL
VRML (con colori)
31. David Scanner
A starter kit of the David Scanner is available for 399 €.
360 scans are possible, although the user needs to turn the
object manually between multiple scans.
The software is proprietary and runs only on Windows.
Minimal equipment is needed, such as a line laser, a camera and
a calibration pattern which can be printed out.
Using the DAVID- Shapefusion software the user can manually
merge multiple point-clouds from different scans and convert
them to a surface mesh by-hand.
35. Makerbot Scanner v.0
The MakerBot 3D Scanner (formerly know as Cyclops) is a 3D
scanning mounting kit for a pico projector, a webcam and an
iPhone or iPod.
The mounting kit is available for 50$.
A set of additional open-source software is required (ThreePhase,
PeasyCam, ControlP5, Processing).
Extensive instructions are provided on the website to perform a
single face scan.
Using Blender and MeshLab the point-clouds are transformed
into surface meshes which can then be printed on the MakerBot.
http://wiki.makerbot.com/3D-scanner
37. 3D Photograpy on your desk
This project requires very little hardware: a camera, a desk- lamp,
a pencil and a checkerboard.
The checkerboard is used for calibration.
The pencil is waved between the lamp and the object to be
scanned, casting a shadow on the object.
The 3D shape of the object is extracted from the spatial and
temporal location of the observed shadow.
Several implementations of this technique are available on the
project’s website.
http://www.vision.caltech.edu/bouguetj/ICCV98/
44. I used Blender 3D to clean the pointcloud and MeshLab to create a surface
which we then 3D printed on a Makerbot. If you're interested you can get the
pointcloud and STL files here.
54. Kinect
Kinect also includes infrared projectors and cameras which are
used for depth detection, hence it could also be used to build a
3D scanner.
The depth perception technology in the Kinect works best at
distances of 6-8 feet (⇡ 2m).
Thus, the Kinect is better suited for identifying ”likely humans in
the scene and the likely positions of their arms and legs.”
than for precise short-range 3D scanning.
Attenzione alle versioni per: Window e XBox
Alternative: ASUS xition
SOFTWARE: KScan 3D, Skanect, FARO...
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61. Skanect
Per Windows e Mac
Limitato a 5000 facce in versione free
E' molto facile da usare
Spiegazione programma e demo scansione
62.
63. Riparare i modelli con Meshlab
Nuvola di punti | Riparare | Chiudere | Esportare
64. MeshLab
File → import Model
Import della tazza.obj fatta con Skanect
Movimenti:
- drag dei cerchi per ruotare
- CMD + drag per il PAN
- zoom (rotellina mouse)
Visualizzazioni (toolbar)
punti, triangoli...
Illuminazione
Render → lightening
Tasto toolbox: fill hole
Icona con i 3 assi a colori : serve per ruotare, traslare e spostare
Cancellare parti con la selezione per vertici e facce e l'apposito
filtro.
65. MeshLab
Semplificare facce
https://www.shapeways.com/tutorials/polygon_reduction_with_meshlab
From the menu, select Filters > Remeshing, simplification and construction > Quadratic
Edge Collapse Detection.
Target number of faces: numero facce desiderate
Quality threshold: 1. Enter a value between 0 and 1 here; the higher the value the harder
MeshLab tries to stick to your original model's shape.
Preserve Boundary of the Mesh: Yes. 'The simplification process tries not to destroy mesh
boundaries, e.g. exposed edges of the mesh are left untouched. This parameter has no
effect on watertight meshes.'
Preserve Normal: Yes. Select this to stop MeshLab from accidentally flipping the face
normals.
Planar simplification: Yes. Paolo's comment: 'Add additional simplification constraints that
try to preserve the current shape of the triangles.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72. Link dei tutorial
cleaning: http://abarry.org/makerscanner/4-makerscanner-post-processing.html
meshing: http://abarry.org/makerscanner/5-makerscanner-meshing.html
73. ● Filters -> Normal, Curvatures and Orientation -> Compute normal for
points set
● Filters -> Remeshing, Simplification and Reconstruction -> Surface
Reconstruction Poisson
● Filters -> Normals, Curvatures and Orientation-> Re-Orient All Faces
Coherently
74. NetFabb
Programma a uso gratuito (funzioni limitate)
Si usa per lavorare sui modelli STL
Utile per:
- riparare file
- individuare errori
- tagliare i file
- ruotare e ridimensionare oggetti