The document discusses several concepts from ancient Indian texts related to science and mathematics: 1. Passages from Vedic texts and Aryabhata discuss the elliptical orbits of planets and the sun being the source of energy for living beings. 2. Texts such as Aryabhatiya and Siddhanta Shiromani discuss concepts related to astronomy, including planetary motion, causes of eclipses, and instruments used to study the sun's path. 3. Ancient Indian texts also discuss principles of motion, magnetism, types of transportation, electricity, rainbow formation, classification of iron and steel, and mathematical concepts like trigonometry, area formulas, and early number systems - showing

1. येनेमा विश्र्िा भुिनानन तस्ुुः |
ततुः क्षत्रं बलमोजश्च जातम् ||
(Taittiriya aranyakam-3.11)

2. The world is due to the sun god . The livings beings get
their strength and energy from him .
The fact that sun is the source of energy was well known
to Indians from vedic peroid .

3. त्रत्रनाभभचक्रमजरमनिं यत्रेमा
विश्र्िा भुिनानन तसयुुः |
Rigveda 1.164.2

4.  The elliptical path through which all the celestial
bodies move is imperishable and unslakened.
 This is called trinabhichakram because to form an
elliptical three points called foci is constant.

5. Planetary motionकक्ष्या प्रनतमण्ड़लगा भ्रमन्मम सिे ग्रहाुः सिचारेण |
ममदोच्चादनुलोमं प्रनतलोमञ्चैि शीघ्रोच्चात ् ||
Aryabhateeyam-Kalakriyapada-3.17.(499AD)

6. The mean planets move on their orbits and the true
planets in eccentric circles . All the planets whether
moving on their orbits or in eccentric corcles move
with their own motion , anti-clockwise from their
apogees and clock-wise from their perigees .
Break free from the orbit of
the west!

7. Cause of eclipse
छादयनत शशी सूयय शभशनं महती च भृच्छाया ||
(Aryabhatiyam-Golapaadah 37)-499CE

8. The moon covers the sun and the great shadow of the
earth covers the moon .

9. India
SHANKU YANTRAM
समतलमसतकपररधिभ्रयमभसध्दो दन्मतदमतजुः शड़कु ुः |
तच्छायातुः प्रोत्त्कं ज्ञानं ददग्देशकालानाम ् ||
Siddhanta-Shiromani-Yantradhyaya-9
(528AD)

10. This instrument , made of ivory consists of a circular
platform on the horizontal plane with Shanku at the
centre . This is used to trace the sun’s path and also to
known several facts of astronomy .
ELEPHANTE CALCULATIONS WITH IVORY-FINE
DEVICES!TRULY FINE INDEED!!

11. Cause and effect
कारणभािात ् कायायभािुः |
न तु कायायभािात ् कारणभािुः ||
Vaiseshikadarshanam 1.2

12. There is no effect possible without a cause.But the
absence of effect does not mean the absence of cause.
The text also substantiates the above fact with an
example: applying a force (less than needed to
overcome friction)will not make a body move .In this
case, the cause(the force) is present but not the effect
(motion).

13. Varieties of magnets
भ्रामकं चुम्बकं चैि कर्यक द्रािकं त्ा |
एिं चतुवियिं कामतं रोमकामतं च पञ्चमम ् ||एकन्ददत्रत्रचतुुः
पञ्चसियतोमुखमेितत ् |
पीतं कृ ष्णं त्ा रत्त्कं त्रत्रिणं सयात ् पृ्क् पृ्क् ||
Rasarnava Patala 6,40,41
12th century AD

14. Magnets are of 5 basic varieties:
Bhramakum , chumbakum , karshakam , dravakam ,
romakum
These 5 have 6 sub varieties:
Single faced , two faced , three faced , four faced , five
faced , multi faced
The above 30 is in 3 colours;
Yellow , red , black
Magnets are categorised in 90 varieties.

15. electricity
संस्ाप्य मृण्मयं पात्रं ताम्रपत्रं सुसमसकृ तं !
छादययेत ् भशखखग्रीिेन चाद्रभभुः काष्टपांसुभभुः ||
दसतलोर्टो ननिात्िुः पारदाच्छाददतसततुः |
उत्पादयनत तन्ममत्र संयोगसतदसतयोुः ||
संयोगज्जायते तेजो यन्ममत्रभमनत कथ्यते |
अगसत््सन्म्हता (14 thC.E.)
Agastya Samhita
14th century AD

16. This sloka deals with generation of electrical energy
using copper plates and chemicals kept in hundreds of
earthen pots to make a battery bank .

17. Rainbow
सूययसय वििििणायुः पिनेन
विघट्दटताुः कराुः साभ्रे |
वियनत िनुुः संस्ानाुः
ये दृश्यमते तददमद्रिनुुः ||
Brahuatsahita-chapter 35
(6th century CE)

18. The multi coloured rays of the sun , being dispersed ina
cloudy sky ,are seen in the form of a bow , whichis
called is the rainbow .

19. motion१. संयोग – विभाग – िेगाना कमय समानम ् |
(िैशेवर्कदशयनम् – १.१.२०)
२. गुरुत्ि – प्रयत्न – संयोगानाम् उत्क्षेपणम् |
(िैशेवर्कदशयनम् – १.१.२१)
३.मखणगमनं सूच्यभभसपयणम ् अदृष्टकरणम् |
(िैशेवर्कदशयनम् – ५.१.२५)

20. 



21. Ship
न भसमिु गाघाहयनत लोहबमिनं
तल्लोहकामतैुः दि्यते दह लोहम ् |
विपघमते तेन जलेर्ु नौकाुः
गुणेन बमिं ननजगाद भोजुः ||
Yuktikalpataru , Verse 88

22. Bhoja says that no iron should be used in joining the
planks in the bottom of a ship . This exposes the ship to
the influence of a magentic rocks in the sea and brings it
within the magentic field,causing it to sink .
OCEANS GIVES WAY TO BHARAT’S ENIGEERS OF
YORE!
OUR EXCELLENCE WAS SHIP-SHAPE LONG BEFORE!!

23. Types of transport
जले नौकोि यान सयाद्
भूभमयान र्ुः समृतम ् |
आकाशे अन्ग्नयानं च
दयोमयानं तदेि दह ||
Bhrigu Samhitta,verse 2
(6th century AD)

24. Ships ply on water , vehicles moving on the ground are
chariots . Those moving in the sky are space-vehicles
propelled by fire .
Want to get transported to ancient wisdom ?Here it is!!

25. Protection of aircarfts
आकाशपञ्चमे कक्ष्ये विमानुः सञ्चरेयघदद |
क्षत्रकोलाहलज्िाला िेगात ् भसमीकृ तं भिेत ् ||
तसमात ् तत्पररहाराय रौद्रीदपयणयमत्रकम ् ||

26. If the aircraft enters into the fifth layer of the
atomsphere , due to strong eddies it may damaged ,
the contrivance called Roudri Darpana Yantram offers
the required protection .

27. apasmaranadhooma
prasaranayantram
 सिकीयं दयोमयानसय विनाशा्ं यदाक्रमान ् ||
 परेर्ां दयोमयानािरणं च प्रभिेघदद ||
 तत्रत्रिारानयतूं िेगात ् सन्मिनालमुखोत्तरे ||
 यानसय स्ापयेध्दीमान ् यानतत्त्िविदां िरुः |
 अपसमारिूमप्रसारणयमत्रं दृढं य्ा ||

28. This is an offensive weapon for protection against the
interceptors in case of conflict to make interceptors
sick .
If enemy aircraft encircle our aircraft ina hostile act , to
overcome such a sitution a toxic smoke tube may be
deployed as suggested by the aviation combat experts .

29. Classification of iron
मुण्ड़ं तीक्ष्णं च त्रत्रप्रकारमयुः समृतम ् |
मूदु कु ण्ड़ं कड़ारञ्च मुण्ड़मुच्यते ||
ख्ररं सारञ्च हत्रालं तारािट्टञ्चिान्जरम ् |
काललोहाभभिानञ्च र्ड़ड़िि तीक्ष्णमुच्यते ||
भ्रामकं चुम्बकञ्चैि कर्यकं द्रािकं त्ा |
एिञ्चतुवियिं कामतं रोमकामतञ्च पञ्चमम ् ||
Rasaratna samucchaya-5.67,74,83

30. There are 3 types of iron known as Munda loha(east iron )
Tikshna loha (wrought iron) and Kanta loha(carbon steel) .
1. Munda loha
mrudu , kunta , kardara .
2.Tikshna loha
khara,saara,hrunnala,vajjra,kalaloha.
3.Kanta loha
bhramaku,chumbaka,karshaka,dravaka,romkanta.
When we know what we knew results is unalloyed happiness!

31. Iron and steel
iron pillar at delhi probable data,400A.D
Mechanical data
Height 7.39mts(24’3”)
Diameter at the top 30.60cms(12.05’)
at the bottom 41.65cms(16.4”)
Weight 6 tons

32. Chemical composition
fe-99.72% , C-0.08% , Si-0.046% , S-0.006% , P-0.114%
,Mn-Nil
The pillar is existing for the last 1600 years without rust
or decay .
IRON FURNACE USED BY INDIANS
The british in 18th century A.D. preferred Indian iron for
manufacturing steel of good quality.

33. Numbers
Brahmi inscription(300B.C.)
- = * r e s ?
Devanagari inscription (1100A.D.)
१ २ ३ ४ ५ ६ ७ ८ ९ ०
Modern
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

34. BAUDHAYANA SUTRA (Theorem)
बौघायनसूत्रम ्
AC2 =AB2 + BC2
This theorem now known as pythagoras theorem was
known to Indians-1000 years before pythagoras.
“the pythagoras theorem had its origin in the Sulba
Sutras of Baudhayana and Apastamba”-Leopold van
Schroeder,indologist.

35. दीघयचतुरससयाक्ष्णया रज्जुुः
पाश्र्ियमानी नतययक्मानी च
यत्पृ्ग्भूते कु रूतसतदुभयं करोनत||

36. The areas(of the squares) produced separately by the
length and breadth of a rectangle together equal the
area (of the square) produced by the diagonal.

37. Area of triangle
Aryabhata (476A.D)
Modern method : area ABC=(1/2base)x(altitude)
त्रत्रभुजसय फ़लशरीरं
समदलकोटी
भुजाियसंिगय:
The area of triangle is the product of ½ of one side and
the perpendicular(from opposite vertex)to it.(1/2
AB)X(CP)

38. TrigonometryThe invention of trigonometry is an important gift of
bharat to the world of mathematics.
haft chord PM= ardha jya
Haft chord PN= OM=Koti jya.
Modern definition
Modern definition:jya AP=PM=RsinQ
Koti jya AP=OM=RcosQ
The indian jya and koti jya became the sine and cosine
in european languages!!

39. विक्लानाां कलाषष्टचा: तत् षष्टया भाग उच्यते |
तत्त्रिशताां भिेद्राशश: भगणो दादशैि ते | |
सूययशसध्दान्त: १२८

41. Humours of the body and mind
त्रयुः शरीरदोर्ाुः िातवपत्तश्लेष्मण:, ते शरीरं दूर्यन्मत,ददौ
पुनुः सत्त्िदोर्ौ रजरतमश्च तौ सत्त्िं दूर्यतुः | ताभ्याञ्ि
सत्त्िशरीरभ्यां दुष्टाभ्या विकृ नतरूपजायते, नोपजायते चाप्र
दुष्टाभ्याम् ||
Charaka samhita-sharirasthanam 4.34

42. There are three body-humours-vata,kapha and pitta.
They vitiate the body,again(there are)two mental
humours active and inert . They vitiate the mind by
vitiations of those two –body and mind ,disease
manifests and by theirs non-vitiation,do not occur .

43. Photosynthesis
तेन तज्जलमादत्तं जरयत्यन्ग्नमारूतौ |
आहारपररणामाच्च सनेहो िृन्ध्दश्च जायते ||

44. Water is drawn by the roots ,it reacts with heat
(light)and air of the atmosphere and the combinations
of water, air and heat makes the body fluid.

45. Plant respond to light
िृक्षादीनां चेतनत्िं बोध्ददयं त्ा दह|
सूययभक्त्या सूययभ्रमण-ददक्साररभ्रमणेन दृक् ||
Charaka-samhita
(300BC)

46. The consciousness in the trees can be understand by
observing that they orient themselves according to the
movement of the sun (light).

47. Trees can see
िल्ली िेष्टयते िृक्षं सियतश्चैि गच्छनत |
नाप्यदृष्टेश्च मागोऽन्सत तसमात ् पश्यन्मत पादपाुः ||
Mahabharata shantiparva 184.13
(3000BC)

48. The creeper moves about the tree trunks , covering it all
around.there is no path for the one without
slight.hence creeper can see.
Many aspects of plant life are yet to be studied by
modern science.these facts are propounded by our
forefathers ages before.

49. Tree respond to smell
पुण्पापुण्यैसत्ा गमिैिूपैश्च विवििैरवप |
अरोगाुः पुन्ष्पताुः सन्मत
तसमान्ज्जघ्रन्मत पादपाुः ||
Mahabharata shantiparva 184.14
(3000 BC)

50. When covered with incense and smoke the trees become
disease-free and flower aplenty. Hence they respond to
gases.

51. Tree can hear
िा्िग्मयाननननष्पेर्ैुः
फ़लं पुष्पं विशीययते |
श्रोत्रेण गृहाते शब्दसतेन
शृण्िन्मत पादपाुः ||
Mahabharatam santhiparv 172.12

52. By the sound of wind,fire and lighting,the fruit and
flower perish.sound is pereceived by the ear,hence
trees hear.

53. Trees have the sense of touch
उूर्ौमतो म्लायते िणं
त्िक्फ़लं पुष्पमेि िा |
म्लायते शीययते चावप
सपशयसतेनात्र विघते ||
Mahabharata shantiparva 184.13
(3000BC)

54. the heat discolours the barks,leaves and flower of trees.
Since they also fade and perish, trees have the sense of
touch .
The nature was closely studied and documented so
meticulosly thousands of years ago.

55. Consciousness in trees
तमसा बहुरूपेण िेन्ष्टताुः कमयहेतुना |
अमतुःसंज्ञा भिमत्येते सुखदुुःखसमन्मिताुः ||
Manusmriti 1.49

56. These (trees)are rendered immobile given to their
nature of birth .(yet) they are conscious and
experience joys and sorrows .

57. आर्ाढे श्रािणे माभस िामयमाकटट्येद्बुि: |
अनाकटटम् तु यद्िामयं य्ा बीजं त्ैि दह ||
ककय ट कटट्येद्िामयमिृष्टऔ कृ वर्तत्पर |
भाद्रे चाियफलप्रान्प्त: फलाशा नैि चाभशदने ||
न ननम्नभूमौ िामयसय कु यायत्कट्टनरोपणे |
न च सारप्रदानं तु तृणमात्रं तु शोियेत् ||

58. done the seed will not germinate .
If rains are scanty , an attentive farmer constructs
these bunds in sign of cancer (june) it self . If it is done
in bhadrapada (september) the crop is reduced to half
the quantity . If done in Ashwina (october) there is no
hope of returns whatsoever.
At lowlands, transplantation and manuring should not
be done. Only weeding of grass is to be done.

59. मही यत्र |
तन्समन् भशरा प्रददष्टा िक्कदयं िा िनं
चान्समन् ||
बृहत्संदहता ५४.५२

60. If in a grassless place a patch of ground is seen covered
with grass or in a grassy plot, a patch is seen devoid of
it, a vein of water or a terasure is to be declared to exist
there.
Perennial springs of bhaarat,s wisdom!

61. Expressions
रसाुः
शृड़गारहासयकरूणारौद्रिीरभयानकाुः |
बीभत्साद्भुतशामताश्च नि नाटये रसाुः समृताुः ||
Natyashastram 6.16

62. The nine rasas:
Erotic
Humour
Pathos
Anger
Valour
Fear
Disgust
Wonder
Calmness

63. Amount of rainfall for different
types of soil
र्ोड़शद्रोणं जाड़शलानाम ्
िर्यप्रममाणमध्य्यमनूपानाम ्
देशिापानामियत्रयोदशाश्मकानाम ्
त्रयोविंशनतरिमतीनाम ् अभमतम्परामतानाम ्
हैममयानां कु ल्यािापानां च कालतुः |
Arthashastram 2.24
(400BC)

64. Varahamihira derived drona and its smaller units such as
adhaka,pala to measure rain .
Gupta and mauryan emperors popularized it .

65. Blood circulation
आहारासय सम्यक् पररणणतसय भूतसारुः
परमसूक्ष्मुः स रस इत्युच्यते
तसय हृदयं स्ानम ् |
स हृदयात ् चतुविंशनतिमनीरनुप्रविश्य ......
कृ त्सनं शरीरमहरह: तपययनत ििययनत िारयनत
यापयनत च अदृष्हेतुके न कमयणा ||
Surutasahita-sutrastanam 14.3

66. The very subtle energy from the well-digested food is
called rasa . Its place is the heart . From the heart
through the 24 arteries , it satisfies , nourishes ,
supports and maintains the entire body day , propelled
by some unseen act.

67. Isocheim heart diseaseकफ़वपत्तािरूध्दसतु मारूतो रसमूनछयतुः |
हृददस्ं कु रूते शूलमुछ्िासारोिकं परम ् ||
सुश्रुतसंदहता , उत्तरतमत्रम ् (500BC)
तममहता महामुलासतच्चौतुः परररक्षक्षताुः |
पररहायाय विशेर्ेण मनसो दुुःखहेतिुः ||
हृघं यत ् सयाघदौजसयं सत्रौतसां यत ् प्रसादनम ् |
तत्तत् सेदयं प्रयत्नेन प्रशमो ज्ञानमेि च ||
Surutasahita-sutrastanam 30.13 -500BC

68. Pathology of IHD involves a transient spasm or
thickening and narrowing of arties with the physical
deposition of kapha-pitta factors leading to acute pain
in the chest producing breathing difficulty .
To preserve the ojas and maintain the heart and vessels
in good condition , one should avoid worrying , take to
diet conduction and maintain mental poise .

69. Symptoms of cure
कायं िातुसाम्यं तसय लक्षणं विकारोपशमुः |
Charaka-samhita 89

70. In ayurveda the task is to attain the equilibrium of
primary fluids in the body.its characteristic feature is
the pacification of aberrations .
The test of the cure is the abating of the disease ,
normalcy of voice and colour , growth of the body ,
increase in strength , desire for eating , digestion of the
that is eaten , getting sleep at the proper time , not
impairment of the mind , intellect and sense organs in
all aspects .

71. Classification of plants
िनसपनतद्रुमलता गुल्मा पादपजातयुः |
बीजात्काण्ड़ातत्त्ा कमदात्तज्जमम त्रत्रवििं विदुुः ||
ते िनसपयुः प्रोत्त्काुः विना पुष्र्ैुः फलन्मत ये |
द्रुशाश्च ते ननगददताुः सहपुष्र्ैुः फलन्मत ये ||
Vrikshayurveda 271-273

72. Plants are four types:
Herbs , creepers , trees , shrubs .
The plants that bear fruits without flowers are called
vanasapati , and those that bear fruits after flowering
are called druma .
Those are develop tendrils are called lata and those
bushy with many branches are called as gulmah .

73. Music instruments
ततं तमत्रीगतं ज्ञेयम ् अनिध्दं पौष्करम ् |
घनसतु तालो विज्ञेयुः सूवर्रो िंशुः एि च ||
Natyashastram 28.1.1.2

74. There are four types of musical instruments according to
their nature –tatam ,the stringed : avanaddham , the
percussion : ghanam , the cymbal : and sushiram the
hollow .

75. Sapthaswara
श्रुनतभ्युः सयुुः सिराुः र्ड़जर्यभगामिारमध्यमाुः |
पञ्चमो िैितश्चा् ननर्ाि इनत सप्त ते ||
तेर्ां संज्ञाुः स-रर-ग-म-प-ि-नन इत्यपराुः मताुः ||
Sangita-ratnakara 1.3.23,24

76. The seven notes drawn from the shruti are shadjam ,
rishabam , gandharam , madhyamam , panchamam ,
dhaivatam , nishadam . Their other names are sa , ri ,
ga , ma , pa , dha and ni