Indian scientists made many contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine according to the document. Some key contributions include: 1) In mathematics, Indian scholars developed number systems like Katapayathi and Bhutha Sankhya, and calculated the value of pi more accurately. 2) In astronomy, they correctly described the spherical shape of the Earth and calculated its rotation, revolution, and the number of rotations in a Mahayuga. 3) In medicine, Ayurveda was recognized for its potential. Discoveries included the circulation of blood, vaccination, and fermentation technology.