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Civil War and Reconstruction in Texas.
- 1. Civil War and Reconstruction in Texas
- 5. The Knights of the Golden Circle was founded in 1854 to establish a slave empire comprising the South, Mexican Gulf area, and Mexico. It continued to function after the Civil War. This pamphlet is an exposé on the organization.
- 6. Harper’s Weekly, 23 March 1861
- 7. The next three slides are a letter from Joseph Wood to his sister dated 21 February 1861 in which he mentions General Twiggs’ surrender.
- 10. Harper’s Weekly, 23 March 1861
- 11. General Winfield Scott (1786-1866), veteran of every war involving the United States from the War of 1812 to the Civil War and Army commander at the beginning of the war. He retired in November 1861. It was his Anaconda Plan, followed by Gen. Grant, that ultimately led to victory for the Union. From American Caricatures Pertaining to the Civil War, N. Y.: Brentano’s, 1918 .
- 12. New Mexico Governor Henry Connelly here calls out the militia to repel the invasion of his state by forces of the State of Texas.
- 13. Recently returned from the East, Lewis Maverick is seeking to raise more troops for the Confederacy.
- 14. This General Order provides for food for confederate troops. Major Samuel Boyer Davis (1827-1885) served in the Mexican War, raised several companies of soldiers for the Confederacy from East Texas. By the date of this Order he had been promoted to Assistant Adjutant General in the Department of Texas.
- 15. The sequestration law forbade those living in the South from “holding” property for Unionists. This document charges R[ichard] R[ogers] Peebles (1810-1893) with such an action. According to the 1860 Austin County, Texas, census Peebles was a planter from Ohio, and his wife Mary Ann was a native of Mississippi. Peebles was deported from Texas, returning after the war. He helped found and named Hempstead, Texas.
- 16. Purchase of 50,000 to 100,000 pounds of bacon was approved in this letter. Purchase was to take place at Ft. Belknap, Texas, at fifteen cents a pound. 13 February 1862
- 17. This is the first of three pages listing Texas Rangers to whom change was due at Camp Clark, 30 June 1862.
- 18. General Order number 100 regulated clothing allowances for Confederate troops.
- 20. General Order 28 (22 February 1863) sets out the regulations for shipping cotton to Mexico. This export of cotton was important for the financial support of the Confederacy and Texas.
- 21. On 6 December 1865 the thirteenth amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified, prohibiting slavery. In Texas, a Constitutional Convention meeting in 1866 rejected attempts to extend the “right of suffrage” (ie. citizenship) to recently freed slaves. Edward Degener (1809-1890) of San Antonio, a German immigrant and Unionist, in this report, tried to persuade his fellow Texans to extend citizenship to all.
- 22. This broadside seeks the election of Elisha M. Pease (1812-1883) as governor in 1866. During the Civil War he had been a Unionist. He lost the 1866 election, but was appointed governor by Gen. Philip Sheridan, serving from 8 August 1867 to 30 September 1869. He had earlier been governor from December 1853 through December 1857, establishing a system of public education, a state university, encouraged railroad construction, the permanent school fund, Indian reservations, and more.
- 23. Philip Sheridan (1831-1888) began the Civil War as a second lieutenant and died in 1888 as a full general. However, his career was one of conflict with the enemy and his own side. He was hated by many for having laid waste to the Shenandoah Valley. After the war he headed Reconstruction in Texas and Louisiana, but was removed within six months because of his severity.
- 24. In 1869 Edmund J. Davis (1827-1883) was elected governor. He had served in the Union Army and was a Republican. This letter refers to a State printing contract with Joseph Lancaster (1816-1874), publisher of the Lone Star Ranger in Navasota, and later Austin. Davis later(1872) appointed Lancaster, a Democrat, as head of the Texas State Library.
- 25. Col. Thomas Worthington (1807-1884) and his 46th Ohio Infantry fought at the Battle of Shiloh in April 1862. Worthington maintained that mistakes by Sherman and Grant cost the Union complete victory. Grant and Sherman claimed victory and Worthington was court-martialed for his statements. This pamphlet and others were meant to refute Sherman and Grant’s actions.
Editor's Notes
- The Knights of the Golden Circle was founded in 1854 to establish a slave empire comprising the South, Mexican Gulf area, and Mexico. It continued to function after the Civil War. This pamphlet is an expose on the organization.
- Harper’s Weekly, 23 march 1861
- The next three slides are a letter from Joseph Wood to his sister dated 21 February 1861 in which he mentions General Twiggs surrender.
- Harper’s Weekly, 23 March 1861
- General Winfield Scott (1786-1866), veteran of every war involving the United States from the War of 1812 to the Civil War and Army commander at the beginning of the war. He retired in November 1861. It was his Anaconda Plan, followed by Gen. Grant, that ultimately led to victory for the Union. From American Caricatures Pertaining to the Civil War, N. Y.: Brentano’s, 1918.
- New Mexico Governor Henry Connelly here calls out the militia to repel the invasion of his state by forces of the State of Texas.
- Recently returned from the East, Lewis Maverick is seeking to raise more troops for the Confederacy.
- This General Order provides for food for confederate troops. Major Samuel Boyer Davis (1827-1885) served in the Mexican War, raised several companies of soldiers for the Confederacy from East Texas. By the date of this Order he had been promoted to Assistant Adjutant General in the Department of Texas.
- The sequestration law forbade those living in the South from “holding” property for Unionists. This document charges R[ichard] R[ogers] Peebles (1810-1893) with such an action. According to the 1860 Austin County, Texas, census Peebles was a planter from Ohio, and his wife Mary Ann was a native of Mississippi. Peebles was deported from Texas, returning after the war. He helped found and named Hempstead, Texas.
- Purchase of 50,000 to 100,000 pounds of bacon was approved in this letter. Purchase was to take place at Ft. Belknap, Texas, at fifteen cents a pound. 13 February 1862
- This is the first of three pages listing Texas Rangers to whom change was due at Camp Clark, 30 June 1862.
- General Order number 100 regulated clothing allowances for Confederate troops.
- General Order 28 (22 February 1863) sets out the regulations for shipping cotton to Mexico. This export of cotton was important for the financial support of the Confederacy and Texas.
- On 6 December 1865 the thirteenth amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified, prohibiting slavery. In Texas, a Constitutional Convention meeting in 1866 rejected attempts to extend the “right of suffrage” (ie. citizenship) to recently freed slaves. Edward Degener (1809-1890) of San Antonio, a German immigrant and Unionist, in this report, tried to persuade his fellow Texans to extend citizenship to all.
- This broadside seeks the election of Elisha M. Pease (1812-1883) as governor in 1866. During the Civil War he had been a Unionist. He lost the 1866 election, but was appointed governor by Gen. Philip Sheridan, serving from 8 August 1867 to 30 September 1869. He had earlier been governor from December 1853 through December 1857, establishing a system of public education, a state university, encouraged railroad construction, the permanent school fund, Indian reservations, and more.
- Philip Sheridan (1831-1888) began the Civil War as a second lieutenant and died in 1888 as a full general. However, his career was one of conflict with the enemy and his own side. He was hated by many for having laid waste to the Shenandoah Valley. After the war he headed Reconstruction in Texas and Louisiana, but was removed within six months because of his severity.
- In 1869 Edmund J. Davis (1827-1883) was elected governor. He had served in the Union Army and was a Republican. This letter refers to a State printing contract with Joseph Lancaster (1816-1874), publisher of the Lone Star Ranger in Navasota, and later Austin. Davis later(1872) appointed Lancaster, a Democrat, as head of the Texas State Library.
- Col. Thomas Worthington (1807-1884) and his 46 th Ohio Infantry fought at the Battle of Shiloh in April 1862. Worthington maintained that mistakes by Sherman and Grant cost the Union complete victory. Grant and Sherman claimed victory and Worthington was court-martialed for his statements. This pamphlet and others were meant to refute Sherman and Grant’s actions.