Members: Liv Denise T. Yu, Roseveil Battung, Axiel Guirhem Accot, Kristin Pelagio, Roni Catherine Cruz, Clarisse Shaina Cardenas, Jeanalyn Salem

2.  ● 1521 - Ferdinand Magellan "discovers" the islands and names them:
Archipelago of San Lazaro.
 ● 1542 - Spanish expedition commandeered by Ruy Lopez de Villalobos
claims the islands for Spain; names them "Philippines" after Prince Philip,
later King Philip II of Spain; the Philippines becomes part of Spanish Empire.
 ● 1872 - Gomburza (Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jocinto
Zamora) were executed by the Spaniards.
 ● 1892 - Jose Rizal founded the civic organization La Liga Filipina.
 ● 1896 - Katipuneros tear their cedulas & shout in contempt of the
Spaniards in what is called the Cry of Pugadlawin.
 ● 1897 - General Emilio Aguinaldo establishes the a new republic at Biak-
na-Bato in Bulacan.
 ● 1886 - José Rizal publishes anti-Spanish novel, Noli Me Tangere (The
Lost Eden); and seers up independence sentiment.
 ● 1896 - Spanish execute Rizal for instigating insurrection; public outrage
spawns rebellion.

4.  ● 1898 - American warship Maine was blown up in Havana harbour,
triggers the the Spanish-American war, the battle of Manila Bay ensues.
 ● 1898 - Emilio Aguinaldo assembled the Malolos Congress in Bulacan,
then declares independence in Kawit, Cavite
 ● 1899 - Treaty of Paris ends Spanish-American War, cedes Philippines to
U.S. after payment to Spain by U.S. of $ 20 million. Emilio Aguinaldo
declares independence then leads a guerrilla war against U.S.
 ● 1901 - U.S. captures Aguinaldo; William Howard Taft arrives as first U.S.
governor of Philippines.
 ● 1902 - Insurrection ends; Taft improves economic conditions, settles
disputes over church ownership of land, establishes "Pensionado"
program, allowing Filipinos to study in U.S., which helped modernize and
westernize the country.
 ● 1916 - U.S. congress passes the Jones Law establishing elected Filipino
legislature with house and senate.
 ● 1934 - U.S. congress approves the Tydings-McDuffie Law promising
Philippine independence by 1946; transition to independence begins.
 ● 1935 - Filipino people approve constitution creating the Philippine
Commonwealth with Manuel Quezon y Molina as president.

6.  ● 1941 - Japanese invades the Philippines, and
defeats Gen. Douglas MacArthur at Bataan and
Corregidor; Quezon establishes government in
exile in the U.S.
 ● 1944 - Quezon dies in exile; Vice President
Sergio Osmeña assumes the presidency;
MacArthur returns to the Philippines and lands in
Leyte with little resistance.
 ● 1945 - Gen. MacArthur liberates Manila and
President Osmeña establishes government.
 ● 1946 - The U.S. gave the Philippines
independence and Manuel Roxas y Acuña is
elected as the first president of the new republic.