The document discusses factors that affect project construction and planning such as uncertainty in scope, changes in scope during implementation, numerous stakeholders, novelty of technology, interdependence of technologies, and difficulties achieving goals. It also provides steps for designing a monitoring and evaluation plan including identifying problems and needs, planning the project, defining an M&E framework, identifying indicators and data collection tools, reviewing the work plan, and reporting. Monitoring and evaluation frameworks and logical frameworks are described as tools to illustrate relationships between inputs, processes, outputs, and outcomes to map how a program should work and identify factors influencing objectives.

2. FACTORS AFFECTING PROJECT CONSTRUCTION AND
PLANNING
• Uncertainty about the scope of the project
• Significant change in the scope of the project during its
implementation
• High number of stakeholders with influence on the project
• Novelty of the project / technology
• High interdependence between the technologies
• High difficulties in achieving performance goals
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3. PLANNING MONITORING AND
EVALUATION
A monitoring and evaluation plan is a guide that explains the goals and objectives of
an M&E strategy and its key elements. In simple words, an M&E plan is like a
roadmap that describes how you will monitor and evaluate your program, as well as
how you intend to use evaluation results for project improvement and decision
making.
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4. STEP BY STEP GUIDE TO DESIGNING AN M & E
PLAN
• Identifying the focal problems and the need for a project
• Planning the Project
• Defining a monitoring and evaluation framework
• Identifying relevant indicators
• Identifying data collection tools and methodologies
• Reviewing M&E work plan
• Reporting
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5. M&E LOGICAL FRAMEWORKS
Illustrate the relationships between program
Inputs, Processes, Outputs, and
Outcomes.
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6. M & E FRAMEWORKS
• Models, pictures or maps
• Visualize the factors that drive an intervention
• Maps that illustrate how a program should work
• Identify relationships between factors that influence program
operation and the successful achievement of objectives
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7. WHY DO WE USE M&E
FRAMEWORKS?
• Communication and planning tool
• As a ‘map’ for program goals
• Links between resources and activities
• Guide selection of indicators
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