This document discusses Relational Calculus, distinguishing it from Relational Algebra. It defines Relational Calculus as a non-procedural query language that specifies what to retrieve rather than how. There are two types of Relational Calculus: Tuple Relational Calculus and Domain Relational Calculus. Relational Algebra is a procedural language that specifies how to obtain results by performing operations in a specific order, while Relational Calculus specifies what results to obtain without a required order of operations.
College-Level Writing RUBRIC
C
ri
te
ri
a
Performance
Indicators
Target/
High Proficiency
15
Proficiency
12
Acceptable
9
Needs Improvement
6
Unacceptable
3
C
o
v
e
ra
g
e
&
O
rg
a
n
iz
a
ti
o
n
Content‐Specific
Assignment Criteriai
∙Writing meets all
assignment content
∙Writing meets most
assignment content
∙Writing meets minimum
assignment content
∙Writing meets
some/few assignment
∙Writing does not
meet assignment
as per Instructor
Guidelines
requirements. requirements. requirements. content requirements. content
requirements.
∙Writing is clear and ∙Writing is generally clear and ∙Writing is adequate in ∙Writing may be unclear ∙Writing is
appropriate for the appropriate for the purpose of terms of clarity and and/or inappropriate unclear and
Purpose purpose of the the assignment—with some appropriateness for the for the purpose of the inappropriate for
& assignment. exceptions. purpose of the assignment. the purpose of
Support ∙All evidence and ∙Evidence and examples are assignment. ∙Evidence and examples the assignment.
examples are generally effective, specific ∙Evidence and examples may require further ∙Evidence and
effective, specific and and relevant—with some meet basic requirements development to be examples are not
relevant. exceptions. for being effective, adequately effective, effective, specific
specific and relevant. specific and relevant. and/or relevant.
∙Ideas are coherently ∙Organization of ideas is ∙Organization of ideas ∙Organization of ideas ∙Ideas are
and logically generally coherent and logical. meets the minimum does not meet the incoherent and
Structure & organized with well‐ ∙In addition, most paragraphs requirement for being minimum requirement illogically
Development developed paragraphs are well‐developed and use coherent and logical. for coherent and logical. organized.
and effective effective transitions. ∙Some paragraphs may ∙Paragraphs lack ∙Paragraphs are
transitions. be well‐developed and development and/or fail undeveloped
use effective transitions to employ transitions and need
while others do not. effectively. transitions.
∙All sources are
critically reviewediii,
∙Most sources are critically
reviewed and documented
∙Sources meet the
minimum requirements
∙Sources do not meet
the minimum
∙Insufficient
sources and/or
Documentation of documented and following standard practices of for being critically requirements for being insufficient
Sources formatted following the field (APA, MLA, Turabian, reviewed and critically reviewed and quality, critical
standard practices of CMS, etc.). documented following documented following review and
the field (APA, MLA, standard practices of the standard practices of documentation.
Turabian, CMS, etc.). field (APA, MLA, the field (APA, MLA, Standard
Turabian, CMS, etc.). Turabian, CMS, etc.). practices of the
field are not ...
College-Level Writing RUBRIC
C
ri
te
ri
a
Performance
Indicators
Target/
High Proficiency
15
Proficiency
12
Acceptable
9
Needs Improvement
6
Unacceptable
3
C
o
v
e
ra
g
e
&
O
rg
a
n
iz
a
ti
o
n
Content‐Specific
Assignment Criteriai
∙Writing meets all
assignment content
∙Writing meets most
assignment content
∙Writing meets minimum
assignment content
∙Writing meets
some/few assignment
∙Writing does not
meet assignment
as per Instructor
Guidelines
requirements. requirements. requirements. content requirements. content
requirements.
∙Writing is clear and ∙Writing is generally clear and ∙Writing is adequate in ∙Writing may be unclear ∙Writing is
appropriate for the appropriate for the purpose of terms of clarity and and/or inappropriate unclear and
Purpose purpose of the the assignment—with some appropriateness for the for the purpose of the inappropriate for
& assignment. exceptions. purpose of the assignment. the purpose of
Support ∙All evidence and ∙Evidence and examples are assignment. ∙Evidence and examples the assignment.
examples are generally effective, specific ∙Evidence and examples may require further ∙Evidence and
effective, specific and and relevant—with some meet basic requirements development to be examples are not
relevant. exceptions. for being effective, adequately effective, effective, specific
specific and relevant. specific and relevant. and/or relevant.
∙Ideas are coherently ∙Organization of ideas is ∙Organization of ideas ∙Organization of ideas ∙Ideas are
and logically generally coherent and logical. meets the minimum does not meet the incoherent and
Structure & organized with well‐ ∙In addition, most paragraphs requirement for being minimum requirement illogically
Development developed paragraphs are well‐developed and use coherent and logical. for coherent and logical. organized.
and effective effective transitions. ∙Some paragraphs may ∙Paragraphs lack ∙Paragraphs are
transitions. be well‐developed and development and/or fail undeveloped
use effective transitions to employ transitions and need
while others do not. effectively. transitions.
∙All sources are
critically reviewediii,
∙Most sources are critically
reviewed and documented
∙Sources meet the
minimum requirements
∙Sources do not meet
the minimum
∙Insufficient
sources and/or
Documentation of documented and following standard practices of for being critically requirements for being insufficient
Sources formatted following the field (APA, MLA, Turabian, reviewed and critically reviewed and quality, critical
standard practices of CMS, etc.). documented following documented following review and
the field (APA, MLA, standard practices of the standard practices of documentation.
Turabian, CMS, etc.). field (APA, MLA, the field (APA, MLA, Standard
Turabian, CMS, etc.). Turabian, CMS, etc.). practices of the
field are not ...
Rationale Essay? Are you unsure of how to begin? Of what to include?
Designing your own degree plan is difficult; writing about that plan is even harder. Thinking about your degree plan as your resume & the rationale essay as your cover letter is the approach we take in this workshop that will introduce you to the steps & strategies necessary to complete the most unique piece of writing that you will do at ESC .
Rulelog is in process of industry standardization via RuleML and W3C:
RIF-Rulelog specification, version of of May 24, 2013, Michael Kifer, ed. RIF-Rulelog is a powerful dialect of W3C Rule Interchange Format (RIF) that is in draft as a submission from RuleML to W3C.
Several industry standards in the areas are based heavily on our team’s contributions to the authoring/editing of the specifications and conducting the underlying research and earlier-phase standards design. These include most notably the two most important industry standards on rules knowledge:
W3C Rule Interchange Format (RIF), which is primarily based on the RuleML standards design (semantic web rules)
W3C OWL 2 RL Profile (rule-based web ontologies)
The team has also contributed to the development of W3C SPARQL and ISO Common Logic, and been strongly involved in other related standardization efforts at OMG and Oasis.
Planning & Writing Your Rationale Essay
Rationale Essay? Are you unsure of how to begin and what to include?
Designing your own degree plan is difficult; writing about that plan is even harder. Thinking about your degree plan as your resume & the rationale essay as your cover letter is the approach we take in this workshop that will introduce you to the steps & strategies necessary to complete the most unique piece of writing that you will do at ESC .
Quality Rubrics for performance and constructed response assessments. Great rubrics help increase inter-rater and intra-rater reliability and can be great measures to document and learn about student learning and growth.
This is a summary of the writing tips that I always nag to the students. The slides were created by my student Hongkai Wu, while he was struggling to write his Master's thesis.
Planning & Writing Your Rationale Essay
Rationale Essay? Are you unsure of how to begin? Of what to include?
Designing your own degree plan is difficult; writing about that plan is even harder. Thinking about your degree plan as your resume & the rationale essay as your cover letter is the approach we take in this workshop that will introduce you to the steps & strategies necessary to complete the most unique piece of writing that you will do at ESC .
Expressive Querying of Semantic Databases with Incremental Query RewritingAlexandre Riazanov
This talk briefly introduces the Incremental Query Rewriting (IQR) method (see http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4419-7335-1_1 ) and presents an approach for extremely expressive querying of RDF triplestores, based on IQR.
Page 1 of 8
School of Management
—
BUSM4551 CID/Innovation Management
Assessment 3: Reflective piece
Assessment type: Essay Word limit: 1,000 (+/- 10%)
The word count excludes
the cover page, reference
list, and any appendices
that you may wish to
include.
Due Date: On or before Monday of Week 13 @
23:59 (Singapore time)
Weighting: 20%
Overview
You are required to engage in creative writing of a reflective essay consisting of an academic
analysis of your own learning experiences through self-reflection.
The purpose of writing a reflective essay is to provide you with a platform to not only recount a
particular life experience, but to also explore how you have changed or learned from those
experiences. Essays should be authored individually; all ideas and words should be your own.
Assessment criteria (100 marks equate to 20% of overall course assessment)
This assessment will measure your ability to:
• Introduce the context, background, scope and purpose of your essay (10 marks)
• Provide a quality encounter of your learning (15 marks)
• Reflect at a level that reveals deep insights (20 marks)
• Evaluate the significance and impact of your learning (20 marks)
• Implicate the significance of your learning to your future career (15 marks)
• Draw a meaningful conclusion (10 marks)
• Professionally present your encounter (10 marks)
Learning outcomes
Course Learning Outcomes related to this assessment are:
Page 2 of 8
CLO1 Explain the relationship between creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship and how
it impacts business growth, sustainability and wealth creation
CLO2
Investigate factors that inhibit creativity in individuals and innovation within teams and
organisations, and recommend strategies and tactics to encourage entrepreneurial
behaviour
CLO3 Identify and critique organisational models of innovation management
CLO4 Work individually, and collaboratively with others in applying a range of tools that assist
the creative front end of innovation that leads to problem solving
CLO5 Evaluate the characteristics that make innovative organisations successful and discuss
how a business might emulate these traits
CLO6 Demonstrate learning through presentation and communication skills in a variety of
business and professional contexts
The Program Learning Outcomes related to this assessment are:
PLO1 Explain their role as a local, national and global citizen and be able to apply these
perspectives in business contexts.
PLO4
Reflect on and continuously progress their own professional development, enhancing
their intellectual agility and adaptability as tools for success in ever-changing business
contexts.
Assessment details
This assessment requires you to look back on your learning and experiences in this course and
provide a personal reflection of what you learned from the course and how you have both used and
will use this learning in the futu ...
Rationale Essay? Are you unsure of how to begin? Of what to include?
Designing your own degree plan is difficult; writing about that plan is even harder. Thinking about your degree plan as your resume & the rationale essay as your cover letter is the approach we take in this workshop that will introduce you to the steps & strategies necessary to complete the most unique piece of writing that you will do at ESC .
Rulelog is in process of industry standardization via RuleML and W3C:
RIF-Rulelog specification, version of of May 24, 2013, Michael Kifer, ed. RIF-Rulelog is a powerful dialect of W3C Rule Interchange Format (RIF) that is in draft as a submission from RuleML to W3C.
Several industry standards in the areas are based heavily on our team’s contributions to the authoring/editing of the specifications and conducting the underlying research and earlier-phase standards design. These include most notably the two most important industry standards on rules knowledge:
W3C Rule Interchange Format (RIF), which is primarily based on the RuleML standards design (semantic web rules)
W3C OWL 2 RL Profile (rule-based web ontologies)
The team has also contributed to the development of W3C SPARQL and ISO Common Logic, and been strongly involved in other related standardization efforts at OMG and Oasis.
Planning & Writing Your Rationale Essay
Rationale Essay? Are you unsure of how to begin and what to include?
Designing your own degree plan is difficult; writing about that plan is even harder. Thinking about your degree plan as your resume & the rationale essay as your cover letter is the approach we take in this workshop that will introduce you to the steps & strategies necessary to complete the most unique piece of writing that you will do at ESC .
Quality Rubrics for performance and constructed response assessments. Great rubrics help increase inter-rater and intra-rater reliability and can be great measures to document and learn about student learning and growth.
This is a summary of the writing tips that I always nag to the students. The slides were created by my student Hongkai Wu, while he was struggling to write his Master's thesis.
Planning & Writing Your Rationale Essay
Rationale Essay? Are you unsure of how to begin? Of what to include?
Designing your own degree plan is difficult; writing about that plan is even harder. Thinking about your degree plan as your resume & the rationale essay as your cover letter is the approach we take in this workshop that will introduce you to the steps & strategies necessary to complete the most unique piece of writing that you will do at ESC .
Expressive Querying of Semantic Databases with Incremental Query RewritingAlexandre Riazanov
This talk briefly introduces the Incremental Query Rewriting (IQR) method (see http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4419-7335-1_1 ) and presents an approach for extremely expressive querying of RDF triplestores, based on IQR.
Page 1 of 8
School of Management
—
BUSM4551 CID/Innovation Management
Assessment 3: Reflective piece
Assessment type: Essay Word limit: 1,000 (+/- 10%)
The word count excludes
the cover page, reference
list, and any appendices
that you may wish to
include.
Due Date: On or before Monday of Week 13 @
23:59 (Singapore time)
Weighting: 20%
Overview
You are required to engage in creative writing of a reflective essay consisting of an academic
analysis of your own learning experiences through self-reflection.
The purpose of writing a reflective essay is to provide you with a platform to not only recount a
particular life experience, but to also explore how you have changed or learned from those
experiences. Essays should be authored individually; all ideas and words should be your own.
Assessment criteria (100 marks equate to 20% of overall course assessment)
This assessment will measure your ability to:
• Introduce the context, background, scope and purpose of your essay (10 marks)
• Provide a quality encounter of your learning (15 marks)
• Reflect at a level that reveals deep insights (20 marks)
• Evaluate the significance and impact of your learning (20 marks)
• Implicate the significance of your learning to your future career (15 marks)
• Draw a meaningful conclusion (10 marks)
• Professionally present your encounter (10 marks)
Learning outcomes
Course Learning Outcomes related to this assessment are:
Page 2 of 8
CLO1 Explain the relationship between creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship and how
it impacts business growth, sustainability and wealth creation
CLO2
Investigate factors that inhibit creativity in individuals and innovation within teams and
organisations, and recommend strategies and tactics to encourage entrepreneurial
behaviour
CLO3 Identify and critique organisational models of innovation management
CLO4 Work individually, and collaboratively with others in applying a range of tools that assist
the creative front end of innovation that leads to problem solving
CLO5 Evaluate the characteristics that make innovative organisations successful and discuss
how a business might emulate these traits
CLO6 Demonstrate learning through presentation and communication skills in a variety of
business and professional contexts
The Program Learning Outcomes related to this assessment are:
PLO1 Explain their role as a local, national and global citizen and be able to apply these
perspectives in business contexts.
PLO4
Reflect on and continuously progress their own professional development, enhancing
their intellectual agility and adaptability as tools for success in ever-changing business
contexts.
Assessment details
This assessment requires you to look back on your learning and experiences in this course and
provide a personal reflection of what you learned from the course and how you have both used and
will use this learning in the futu ...
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
ESC Beyond Borders _From EU to You_ InfoPack general.pdf
s1.pptx
1. Objectives
After completing this session, you will be able to:
– Define Relational Calculus
– Distinguish between Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus.
– Explain Tuple Relational Calculus and write queries.
– Explain Domain Relational Calculus and write queries.
Bus. Comm.
2. Introduction
• Relational Calculus is a non-procedural query language. A
calculus expression specifies “what to retrieve” rather than
“how to retrieve”. This makes relational calculus different
from relational algebra.
• A calculus expression may be written in different ways, but the
way it is written has no bearing on how a query should be
evaluated.
• In relational calculus, a query is solved by defining a solution
relation in a single step.
• Relational calculus is mainly based on the well-known
propositional calculus, which is a method of calculating with
sentences or declarations. That's why it is also known as
declarative language
4
3. Relational calculus Types
Bus. Comm.
Various types of relational calculus are:
Tuple Relational Calculus (TRC)
Domain Relational Calculus (DRC)
4. Relational Algebra Vs Relational Calculus
• Relational Algebra, RA, is a
Procedural language.
• RA means “how to
obtain the result”.
The order
in which
• In RA,
specified
operations
performed.
have to
• RA is independent on
domain.
a
• RA is nearer to
programming language.
• Relational Calculus, RC, is
non-procedural language.
• RC means “What to obtain”
as result.
is • In RC, The order is not
the specified.
be
• RC can be a domain
dependent.
• RC is not nearer to
programming language.
