Nature Sound Intervention Reduces ICU Patient Anxiety

Sample Synthesis Essay
HYPOTHESIS:
"Nature based sound intervention decreases the levels of anxiety and agitation in critically ill
mechanically ventilated patients"
AIM OF WORK:
To assess the effect of nature based sound intervention on anxiety and agitation levels in critically ill
mechanically ventilated patients.
METHODOLOGY:
Design:
A randomized single blinded placebo–controlled trial was used to conduct this study. 50
mechanically ventilated patients were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control groups
where the investigator was blinded to treatment allocation. Randomization was performed using
sealed envelope technique
Setting:
The study was conducted in the Medical and Surgical Intensive Care Units and the Coronary Care
Unit at King Fahd Hospital
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Operation Desert Shield: The Gulf War
On 17 July 1990 Saddam Hussain accused Kuwait of overproduction and oil theft from the Rumailia
Oil Field, located in the Euphrates Valley of southern Iraq. Furthermore, as a result of the Iraq/Iran
war, Saddam Hussain had incurred a great amount of debt for Iraq. After confirming from the US
Ambassador to Iraqi Forces, that the conflict between Iraq and Kuwait was an "Arab matter" and
had nothing to do with the United States, on 2 August 1990 Iraqi Forces invade Kuwait. In his
frustration, Saddam Hussain dispatched 120,000 soldiers and 2,000 tanks to Kuwait (History.com,
2015). Due to the threat of a vital interest to the United States, specifically the oil produced in the
Persian Gulf, with the permission of the King of Saudi Arabia, ... Show more content on
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Coalition Forces had reached manpower strength of an estimated 700,000 troops with an additional
540,000 United States troops, thought by Coalition Forces leadership, was well more than needed
for the battle at that time (Brown, pg. 1). The initial strike was conducted between January 16 and
January 17 1991 by the United States by conducting a massive air campaign on Iraqi troops, which
would continue throughout the war (U.S.History.org, 2015). On 24 February, 1991 the Coalition
offensive went from aerial to a ground offensive. The plan was to push through the Iraqi Forces
while simultaneously placing a portion of the troops on the Euphrates River. The purpose of placing
United States and Coalition troops on the Euphrates River, was to have a contingency in the event
Iraqi reinforcements attempt to enter the area of operation (Brown, pg. 1). In the end, the Iraqi
Forces were surprised by air and on land with superior technology on United States Fighter planes
and Global Positioning Systems on land. The casualties on the Iraqi Army were at an estimates
60,000 soldiers killed and 150,000 soldiers captured and imprisoned. The casualties on the United
States and Coalition Forces were less than 500 soldiers. (Davis pg.

When determining whether a country could be a suitable...
When determining whether a country could be a suitable partner to establish business relations with,
many factors must be taken into consideration before making a decision. Some of these factors
include the characteristics of the country, the demographics of the market place and supply base, and
the country's infrastructure. These traits directly affect how a company will adapt to a local
environment and how a supply chain manager will make their decision on whether to establish
relations with the country. The country that will be analyzed in this paper with all these
characteristics taken into consideration will be Saudi Arabia. Through the information provided, we
will determine whether Saudi Arabia can fit into the future global supply ... Show more content on
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Saudi Arabia is very well known for its reserves of oil and gas, holding the second largest oil
reserves and the sixth largest natural gas reserves in the world.
The political situation of Saudi Arabia resembles that of an absolute monarchy, in which the King of
Saudi Arabia is both the head of state and government, as well as commander in chief of the Saudi
military. The country has been under the leadership of the Al Saud dynasty since its foundation in
1932. The current leader of Saudi Arabia is King Abdullah, whom ascended into leadership in 2005
after the death of his half–brother, King Fahd. Due to the country being an Islamic state, the country
follows the Islamic law (Shari'ah) as a basis to govern the people and obey laws. The Qur'an is
known as the constitution of the country, as all people within the country follow its Islamic
practices. However, in 1992, King Fahd adopted the Basic Law of Governance as the Royal Decree,
containing 83 articles emphasizing the responsibilities and duties of the ruling body.
When in power, the King must appoint a Crown Prince to assist him with his responsibilities and is
second in line to the throne if the King can no longer lead the nation or becomes deceased.
According to CountryWatch, Saudi Arabia's Political Stability Index receives a score of a 6 between
1 and 10, "based on a given country's record of peaceful transitions of power, ability of a
government to stay in office and carry out its policies vis a vis risk credible

The Battle Of Khafji: The First Gulf War
On January 29, 1991 to February 1, 1991 the Iraqi 1st and 5th Mechanized divisions and 3rd
Armored Division commanded by Major General Salah Aboud Mahmaud launched the only major
ground attack since their invasion of Kuwait. The opposing force was comprised of The United
States, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar. . The units involved were the 1st and 2ed Marine Divisions, the 2ed
Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion, the 2ed Armored Division, United States Army Special
Forces and the Saudi National Guard and were commanded by General Norman Schwarzkopf
(U.S.), Khalid Bin Sultan and Fahd Bin Abdul–Aziz (both Saudi Arabian commanders).
These series of attacks would later be known as the "Battle of Khafji". Even though the Iraqi army
were getting a continuous

Higher Education in Saudi Aberia
This research paper introduces, analyzes and evaluates the situation of higher education in Saudi
Arabia in terms of the past, present and future. Both the past form and the present situation have
their strong sides and weakness. Since education is very important for a country's future, it is helpful
to know what essences a good education system should have, how education contributes to a
country's power, and what improvements need to be made to make education better serve the
development of Saudi Arabia.
Introduction
Higher education is an important, if not the most important aspect, in a country's functions and
abilities to fulfill current national needs and strive for a brighter future. The Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia was established in 1932. It was a poor country initially, with a small educational system
comprising of only 12 schools and 700 students. Situation changed after 1938, when large amount
of oil was discovered underground in Saudi Arabia. The kingdom became quite wealthy, leading to
the accelerating development of this country's educational system as well. Understanding the
historical development of higher education in Saudi Arabia, evaluating the strength and weakness in
different times, and knowing what an effective educational system should be are helpful in
improving the level of higher education in Saudi Arabia, which is necessary for this country to
constantly enhance its power in global competitions and keep a strong standing in the world.
Past – Before

A Report on Politics of the 1990s: Persian Gulf War
News Event
Persian Gulf War On August 2, 1990, Iraq leader Saddam Hussein ordered the invason of the
neighboring country kuwait. The reason for this invasion was to steal the rich oil that was in the
land. During this invasion President George H. W. Bush declared that the war in Kuwait "will not
stand." A day after the declaration, King Fahd of Saudi Arabia met with U.S. Defense Secretary
Richard Cheney to request military assistance. Saudi Arabia, japan, and other wealthy allies would
be funded $60 billion for there losses and damages. August 8, 1990 U.S. air force fighters were in
Saudi Arabia. By 1991 the United States alone had 50,000 troops. On February 26, 1991 Saddam
ordered the withdrawal from Kuwait. About 10,00 retreating troops were killed when Caoliton
aircraft bombed their stolen military vehicles. Finally, George H. W. Bush announced to ceased fire
and that Kuwait had been free from Iraq occupation.
Famous People
Bill Clinton Bill Clinton was born on August 19, 1946 in Hope, Arkansas. He graduated from
Geargetown and got a degree in law. After getting his degree in law, Bill went back to Arkansas to
teach law at the Unviversity of Arkansas. In 1974 he campaigned for congress but was not elected. 2
years later he was elected Arkansas Attorney General. In 1975 Bill married Hillary Rodham who he
met during law school and 5 years later they had their only child Chelsea. Bill lost the reelection in
1980 but regained the governship two years later and

The Cultural and Political Life of Saudi Arabia Essay
Crimes punishable by the death sentence in Saudi Arabia include murder, serious attacks on the
Islam religion, adultery, dress codes, and since 1987, drug smuggling. Under Saudi Arabian law,
serious crimes merit serious consequences. Repeated theft is punishable by amputation of the right
hand, administered under anesthetic. Because most meals in Saudi Arabia are eaten by hand from a
communal bowl and only the right hand may touch the food, this punishment effectively bans the
convicted thief from society. The severity of this punishment has led to a slight softening of the law
in recent years; now if the thief repents and makes restitution before the case is brought before a
judge, the punishment can be reduced... furthermore, the victim ... Show more content on
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First–time offenders face some combination of prison terms, floggings, and fines: those convicted a
second time face execution. Within two years, this ruling, coupled with a new antidrug campaign,
resulted in a sixty percent drop in drug addiction and twenty six percent reductions in drug use.
Saudi officials now claim that the kingdom has the lowest rate of drug addiction in the world, which
they attributed to harsh punishment and the religious convictions of ordinary Saudis. (Aburish, The
House of Saud, 1994) In the United States those who are convicted of drug smuggling will be
convicted and will have to serve time in prison, and fines will be placed upon them. Also, second
time offenders will have a substantial amount of prison time to face but there is no execution
punishment for drug smuggling.
In addition, there are those who are being persecuted for their religious beliefs. When Islam gained
control of Saudi Arabia thirteen hundred years ago, all Christians were expelled from the country.
The nation considers itself the guardian of Islam's Holiest sites and all other religions are forbidden.
Since the death of King Fahd Bin Abdul–Aziz in August 2005 and subsequent election of King
Abdullah, there have been increased discussions of reform in Saudi Arabia. However, attacks
against Christians and human rights abuses have in fact been on the rise since King Abdullah came
into power. The country continues to have one of the worst human rights

Management Of Savagery
Apocalyptic View of ISIS in practice: Understanding ISIS apocalyptic views provides the
understanding of how the group is set apart from those who have come before, but it is important to
understand what beliefs they built on from their past when they were known as AQI, Al Qaeda in
Iraq. In 2004, Abu Bakr Naji published the book, Management of Savagery: The Most Critical Stage
Through Which the Islamic Nation Will Pass (translated from: ‫األمة‬ ‫بها‬ ‫ستمر‬ ‫مرحلة‬ ‫أخطر‬ :‫التوحش‬ ‫)إدارة‬,
which sought to establish an actual strategy for Al Qaeda and other radical terrorist organizations
with the collective goal of reestablishing the Caliphate. The book discusses how organizations, like
Al Qaeda and ISIS, should create propaganda that uses religious and ... Show more content on
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In this fatwa, al–Fahd argued that the West only banned the use of weapons of mass destruction "not
to protect humanity but to protect themselves and monopolize such weapons." He then continues to
say that "Thus the situation in this regard is that if those engaged in jihad establish that the evil of
the infidels can be repelled only by attacking them at night with weapons of mass destruction, they
may be used even if they annihilate all the infidels". Thus, using WMD was able to become
permitted in a state of jihad against infidels and the mass killing of civilians was also permissible.
While al–Fahd was arrest in 2003, his fatwa on WMD's remains one of the most used fatwas for
justification of Jihadis acquiring and using

Economic History Of Israel And Saudi Arabia Essay
Eytan Davidovits
Professor Hill
Economics 191
20, March 2015
Economic History of Israel and Saudi Arabia Israel and Saudi Arabia are two countries in close
proximity to each other, yet seem to be different in almost every metric. Saudi Arabia has a $744
Billion GDP, while Israel only $290 Billion (The World Bank), yet when breaking the GDP into
GDP per capita, Saudi Arabia lags behind Israel at with a GDP per capita of $25, 961 whereas Israel
is at $36,051. Israel and Saudi Arabia both became economic powerhouses of the Middle East, while
remaining vastly different from each other in terms of their institutions. Their histories are unique,
illustrating various ways a country can develop. Israel as a country is quite new, only 67 years old.
Israel was founded in 1948 after being given to the Jewish people by Great Britain. Soon after Israel
declared independence, all of the pseudo governmental Jewish institutions that were set up during
the period under British rule, combined to form government departments. However, due to the state
of its economy as well the more socialist leanings of the main political party, in the beginning there
was strong government intervention.
Following its founding, Israel's economy was jumpstarted through a large amount of foreign aid as
well as immigration. Immigration was a pillar of the founding of the Jewish state with Holocaust
survivors coming in droves from Europe to Israel. After just three years of it's founding, Israel
doubled its

The Modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Essay
Introduction
The modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was established by the King Abdulaziz bin Abdelrahman Al–
Saud in 1932 (Al–Turaiqi, 2008; Albassam, 2011; BTI, 2012; Hamzawy, 2006; Peterson, 1984; UN,
2004). Saudi is a big country with 13 provinces (mintaqah) and 1,600, 000 km2 (Albassam, 2011;
UN, 2004). Saudi has the largest reserves of oil in the world (UN, 2004). The political system in
Saudi is Monarchy since the day of Unification of the Kingdom (23 September, 1932) (Al–Turaiqi,
2008; Albassam, 2011; BTI, 2012; Chatham, 2011; Hamzawy, 2006; Matthes, Otto, & Schützhold,
2007; Peterson, 1984; UN, 2004). This profoundly traditional kingdom has "undergone
socioeconomic transformation" to the level perhaps no resembling anywhere else in the ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, Saudi legal system is mainly based on Quran and Sunnah, however daily life
administration matters are managed by "promulgate regulations" (Matthes, et al., 2007; UN, 2004).
The full draft of all administrative regulations (called Nizam) was compiled first during the days of
King Fahd in 1992 (Al–Turaiqi, 2008; Albassam, 2011; UN, 2004). King Fahd with those
regulations started to establish a state with written and clear laws that are necessary to build a
modern country. Political System of Saudi Arabia consists of judicial authority, executive authority
and
Organizational authority (Hamzawy, 2006; Matthes, et al., 2007). Traditionally, the king has the
executive and legislative authorities; this means that the king has judicial power in the land (Al–
Turaiqi, 2008; Albassam, 2011; Matthes, et al., 2007). The king's power is controlled by Islamic law,
seeking consensus among royal family members, religious leaders, and the leaders of important
tribal families (Al–Turaiqi, 2008; Matthes, et al., 2007; Peterson, 1984; UN, 2004). However Saudi
since 1990s started to add some modern touches to its political system to get along with the
economic and social changes in the kingdom (Albassam, 2011; Peterson, 1984). The major
components of Saudi political are listed in the study of (Peterson, 1984) as follows:
– Tribalism: Saudi society has deep tribal roots, actually the royal family

My Community Research Paper
Every community or race has their origin. It has become a norm for people to move from one place
to another in search of better jobs, education and among other things. In the recent past, migration
has been caused by political instability. Consequently, this made people flee from their countries in
search of peace and tranquility. In this essay, I am going to discuss my origin and history of my
community.
First and foremost, I grew up in South West Saudi Arabia in a family of nine with four brothers and
three sisters. My father was the sole breadwinner of the family as he used to work for the
government. Due to the nature of the job and the place where he used to work, my father used to
commute weekly from our city to Jeddah west coast of the country where he worked. This was quite
a distance ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It has some of the biggest oil reserves in the world. The discovery of oil 1936 was a major boost to
the economy of Saudi Arabia (Hempton, 1987). The commercial production of oil began during the
Second World War. This commercial production of oil in Saudi Arabia enabled the government to
provide free healthcare and education to the people without them paying the taxes to the
government.
Saudi remained neutral during the Second World War, and it was welcomed to be a charter member
of the United Nations. In 1945, the country joined Arab League and took part in the war against
Israel from 1948 to 1949. Till today many scholars believe Saudi does not recognize the State of
Israel. Ibn Saudi died in 1953, and his son took over from him in an 11–year reign. His reign was
marked by the hostility towards the Gamal Abdel Nasser. Saud was replaced by the Prime Minister,
Crown Prince Faisal in 1964 due to his ailing condition. The prime minister is widely recognized for
giving the vocal support to Egypt with no military help to Egypt during the Arab–Israel war of 1967
(Hempton,

The Persian Gulf War : Operation Desert Storm
Keerthana Senthil
St. Clair
Afri–Asian 9
19 February 2015
The Persian Gulf War: Operation Desert Storm In August 1990 the leader of Iraq, Saddam Hussein
commanded his military to invade Kuwait. Leaving this to be the first time a United Member Nation
had attacked just one of its fellow United Member Nation. Kuwait is a small country located at the
North–Western end of the Persian Gulf, this gulf separates South Western Asia and the Arabian
Peninsula. Saddam Hussein was known to be a ruthless dictator. Refugees fled Kuwait, as many
were robbed, assaulted, and looted. According to legends, that Hussein himself accepted, during the
war with Iran he had used poison gas against both Iranian troops and Iraqi civilians because they
opposed to his regime (Carlisle 3). With this certain example we can furthermore comprehend
Hussein's brutality and desire for power.
Iraq and Kuwait are both member nations of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and
by no doubt were rich from the oil revenue. Iraq mainly utilized this wealth into constructing a
strong army, whereas Kuwait used the money to provide a better quality of life for its citizens.
Hussein had major war–debts that incurred from Iran–Iraq war that he could not pay off. Kuwait
seemed to be a good choice for Hussein as the country was a part of Iraq during the Ottoman Empire
and only gained sovereignty in 1961. Furthermore a significant amount Iraq's war debts are from
Kuwait. Seizing Kuwait for Hussein proved

Saudi Arabia Research Paper
The three tallest buildings in Saudi Arabia are the Al Faisaliyah Complex Tower, the Kingdom
Center Tower, and the Mecca Royal Hotel Clock Tower. These three buildings are remarkable in
their construction, and represent the building boom that has besieged Saudi Arabia over the past
decade. Each of these buildings is new, with the Al Faisaliyah Complex the oldest of the three and
finished in 2000. The Mecca Royal Hotel Clock Tower is the newest and was completed in 2012.
These three buildings are icons of the modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
The Al Faisaliyah Complex and its signature tower are located in the central business district of
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia halfway between Olaya Street and King Fahd Road (Emporis). Construction
on the Al Faisaliyah Complex started in 1997, and was work was completed in 2000. The complex
tower is made of a 6000 cubic meter "raft" that involved continuously pouring concrete over a 17
hour period (Foster and Partners). The 327,000 square meter complex houses a revolving restaurant
inside the building's iconic golden globe element, as well as offices, conference rooms, a 100 retail
unit shopping mall, 1600 bay parking lot, a 224 room hotel and 99 luxury apartments. The tower
portion is 267 meters high, and was the first skyscraper in Saudi Arabia (Foster and Partners). The
King Faisal Foundation commissioned English architectural firm Foster and Partners to design the
building; its chief engineer was Buro Happold. The lobby is a key feature of

Oil Embargo
The calamitous destruction of World War II promised to revolutionize the international order to
create lasting peace, but, while peace and friendly relations were established between most of the
former Axis and Allied states, the world overall joined the new Cold War paradigm. In addition to
the Cold War, the 1948 establishment of Israel introduced a new, destabilizing dynamic to the
increasingly important Middle East. The creation of Israel also represented the dissolution of one of
the final vestiges of British imperialism in the Middle East. With the British unable and unwilling to
project power in the Middle East to any substantive degree, the United States slowly but surely
integrated itself into the political and economic systems of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
With the ensuing economic crisis hitting not only the US but Japan, the UK, and others in the
Western bloc, American options were limited. The American government didn't conceive of an
embargo as even a possibility. In a May 11, 1970 intelligence briefing outlining oil politics over the
next decade, the US government only realistically envisioned small oil supply interruptions from
Iraq and Libya. However, it did recognize the Western bloc's vulnerability to price spikes, estimating
that an increase of $5 per barrel would increase the Western Europe, Japan, and the US's aggregate
import bill to ~ $74 billion (in 1973 dollars). These estimations didn't impact American foreign and
economic policy, so the US didn't make proper contingency plans or organize a united Western
energy policy which weakened its bargaining position. When the Saudi–led OAPEC coalition
threatened Japan, which met 71% of its energy needs by importing oil, with the same harsh
measures, they were able to extract a verbal concession impelling the return to the pre–1967 borders
and the Palestinian right to self–determination. What they couldn't extract was severing Israeli–
Japanese diplomatic and economic ties to Israel as well as material support for the

Analysis Of The Grand Mosque Takeover Of Saudi Arabia Essay
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction & Methodology 2
Background 2
Research Questions 2
Methodological Approach & Typology 2
Rationale for Case Study 4
Limitations 6
Sources 7
Outline 8
Chapter 2: Justification of Theory 8
Conceptual framework 8
Coercion 11
Self–interest 12
Legitimacy 14
Chapter 3: Grand Mosque Takeover 15
Introduction 15
KSA Literature Review 16
Establishment of Saudi Arabia 21
Nexus between Wahhabism and the Saudi State 23
The Lead Up (Jamaa al–Salafiya al–Muhtasiba) 25
The Takeover 27
The Aftermath 29
Conclusion 32
Chapter 1: Introduction & Methodology
Background
Research Questions
Methodological Approach & Typology
The following thesis adopts a case study methodology, interrogating the nature of the Saudi state in
response to the specific event of the Grand Mosque takeover . Through a multifaceted analytical
narrative, this paper will study the nature of the Saudi–Wahhabi alliance, focusing on the way in
which this symbiotic relationship enabled wide reaching social control during and after the mosque
insurgency. Literature on the Grand Mosque takeover has generally limited the event's significance
to a mere illustration of the al–Saud's instrumentalisation of religion for the purpose of preserving

legitimacy . This thesis aims to extend this understanding, by applying a comprehensive social
theory framework to the siege. By employing Ian Hurd's three–tiered framework for social
compliance, this thesis will

The Role Of English On The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia
PROSPECTUS
Background of the Project
The role of English in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Languages have a prominent status in all
societies and in all developed and developing countries. The languages take this status because they
are devices for communicating between humans. In many countries, there is more than one language
that the people speak. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, for example, the Arabic language is the
official language in the country, and the English language is the second language that the citizens
speak. The English language has a remarkable role in various sectors in the Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia.
First, the English language has an important role in the education system. Dr. Al–Seghayer points
out (2012), "It is the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Alhaisoni & Rahman (2013) state, "English language is playing an important role in both electronic
and print media in Saudi Arabia" (p.114). The country has many TV stations, and one of these
stations has all English content. Also, it has a radio station, which has many English programs.
Finally, English has a big role in the employment system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Al–
seghayer (2012) asserts, "competence in and knowledge of English opens doors for Saudi citizens
and gives the rank–and file employees" opportunity for advancement (p.2). The country has many
private companies that are established by foreign people who speak the English language
professionally, and they are demanding employees who speak and write English. So, English is
important to employment in Saudi Arabia.
History of English teaching and methodology: Teaching English in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
has undergone several changes. The starting of teaching English was in 1925 (Liton, 2012). This
starting point was different between public schools and private schools. First, the government
established public schools, and the Ministry of Education managed them. As a result, these schools
do not charge any tuition to the people who live in Saudi Arabia. The English language was taught
from seventh grade to twelfth grade in public schools. The method of teaching English in public
schools

Saudi Arabia Women's Rights
The first country, allowing women to vote was New Zealand in 1893.The next country was Australia
9 years later and 18 years later the US finally decided to ratify the 19th amendment allowing women
to vote. And almost 100 years later, after the US, Saudi Arabia decided to let the women of their
country to vote. Many people think that the US took too long to make the decision to let women
vote, but what do you think the women of Saudi Arabia thought when the majority of the countries
let women vote but they. Saudi Arabia has very strict laws when it comes to the rights of women in
fact, they only earned the right to ride a bike in 2013 and earned the right to drive this year.As a
woman living in a country where women have an awful lot of rights compared to places like Saudi
Arabia I feel that women's rights in Saudi Arabia are completely unfair. When we look back through
history you will find a timeline of events showing exactly when women gained certain rights and for
what. Most of these events occurred in the late 1800's and all throughout the 1900's. Since 2000 the
women of Saudi Arabia have gained 9 new rights even being as small as being able to have an
ID.Ever since the rule of King Fahd the rights of women in Saudi Arabia have been growing,
although some of the rights might seem little but ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example in this article it says."Saudi women will reportedly be able to apply for their own
driving licenses without having to secure the permission of their male guardians."Which shows that
even grown women need to ask their "male guardian" to do something as simple as applying for a
driver's license. And the fact that people think that women in Saudi Arabia are so incapable of
making even the simplest of decisions without the consent of a man is

Reflection Paper On Terrorism
Reflection Paper on Terrorism
It is ironic that the U.S. and Saudi Arabia continue to sign historic agreements meant to confront
current and emerging threats coming from terrorist financing the latter is one of the biggest state
sponsors of terrorism. The creative responses that they create continue to formalize cooperation
between them to counter terrorist financing. However, this is a lose–lose partnership since donors in
Saudi Arabia continue to fund Sunni terrorist groups across the world. The U.S. has to understand
that the state's passivity toward terrorist groups is critical to their success as any form of deliberate
assistance they access. The U.S. cannot proclaim to be the world leader in fighting terrorism yet the
government continues to be the ultimate "state sponsor" of those who fund terrorism (Casaca &
Wolf, 2017). According to Chossudovsky (2013), groups such as the House of Saud have been
supported by the U.S. government in the past in full knowledge that the Saudi monarchy funds Al
Qaeda. The U.S. government should be viewed as a "State sponsor of Terrorism" given its
reluctance to evaluate its relationship with Saudi Arabia.
Earlier in 2017, President Trump gave an executive order to ban entry from a number of Middle
Eastern nations in order to protect the Americans from terrorism by foreign nationals who come to
the U.S. But one of the most outstanding aspects of the list is that Saudi Arabia was conspicuously
missing. According to Cammack (2017),

Blue Diamond Affair Informative Speech
Topic: The Blue Diamond Affair
General Purpose: To inform
Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about the problems that occurred in the Saudi Arabia and
Thailand relationship
Central Idea: the brief history about "the Blue Diamond Affair and some effects that this never–
ending crimes have created created ."
Type of speech: Event
Org. pattern: Topical
Introduction:
For Two decades or 25 years ago, 200 pounds of jewelry, and also the Blue Diamond, a prized
possessions of Saudi Royal family had stolen by a Thai servant never been solved (Shay, 2010). The
unsolved crimes and mystery of Blue Diamond have created significant effects that soured relations
between Saudi Arabia and Thailand for a long time.
"So, today, I would like to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"...recalled its most senior diplomat to Thailand "(Arabian Business, 2014).
Saudi Arabia, who his brother had been missing(Al–Ruwaili) for 25 years really disappointed in the
Criminal Court (Fredickson, 2014).
2. Stopped all its national carrier's flights to Bangkok, Thai Airline had suffered with the diplomats
relations between Thai–Saudi. (Meghan A. McClincy, 2012).
3. Banned the recruitment of Thai workers
Cut off the Thai employees, and not allowed their people to visit Thailand.
" Saudi Arabia refused to allow Thai labourers to seek employment in the oil–rich country and
prohibited its citizens from visiting the Asian kingdom." (Trend News Agency, 2010)
"Over 200,000 Thai nationals were working in Saudi in 1989, and millions of dollars a year were
being sent home in remittances." (Ramsey, 2015).
"Thai workers dropped from 200,000 in 1989 to merely 10,000 in 2011." (Meghan A. McClincy,
2012).
Conclusion
Thailand have attempted to improve its diplomat relations with Saudi Arabia, but their attempts have
failed because of the failures to solve the murder cases and seek for the precious Blue Diamond.
Saudi Arabia wait too long to find the justice in Thailand, but never get it. So, Who should protect
the country now? the polices who can turn to be a Mafia anytime? This is a shame that Thailand
need to

Saudi Arabia Essays
In the heart of the Middle East is a country known by many Westerners for its oil production and,
often, extremist beliefs of groups within the country. The country is Saudi Arabia, and though it is
thought of by many as a rather backward country, Saudi Arabia has a rich history and culture, and it
is a country that revolves around Islam and the worship of Allah as the one true God.
For about fifteen hundred years, Saudi Arabia's history has centered on one major theme: Islam.
Muhammad, the founder of Islam, was born around 570 A.D. in the city of Mecca. Early in the 7th
century A.D., according to Islamic belief, Muhammad, while meditating in a cave on Mount Hira,
was visited by the angel Gabriel. Gabriel ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then, in the mid 1700s, Saudi ruler Muhammad ibn Saud, from the Saud dynasty, forged an alliance
with a religious reformer named Muhammad ibn Abd al–Wahhab. Ibn Abd al–Wahhab was
discontent with the growing disregard for Islamic teachings in Arabia. He taught that the people
should return to strict observance and practice of Islamic laws. Adherents to this belief, called
Wahhabis, were backed by the armies of the Saud dynasty, and together, these forces began a
movement. Areas that converted to Wahhabi beliefs were taken over by the Saud family, thus
increasing the size of the Saudi State. However, by 1891, most Saudi control of Arabia was taken by
tribal chiefs and by the Ottoman Empire. Then, in 1902, a young Saudi leader named Abd al–Aziz
ibn Saud began to reclaim land that his ancestors had lost. He also sought diligently to revive the
Wahhabi movement, which heavily emphasized the Islamic beliefs and strict adherence to them. In
1932, Ibn Saud unified the regions he conquered into one state– an Islamic state that he dubbed the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Throughout the next fifty years, under the reign of Ibn Saud and his descendents, Saudi Arabia grew
wealthier as a nation, while striving to keep its Islamic values at the same time. In 1982, King Fahd
came to the throne. He sought to maintain Saudi Arabia traditional Islamic values, while he also
strived to create more globally

Saudi Women 's Participation For Public Atmosphere
Saudi Women 's Participation in Public Atmosphere
Introduction
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the most influential countries in The Middle East. It is also a
key member of the Gulf Countries Cooperation, amalgamation of monarchies in the Arabian
Peninsula. Saudi Arabia is currently ruled by King Salman Al–Saud was crowned as the King on
January 23, 2015. Saudi Arabia is also the cofounder of The Organization of the Petroleum
Exporting Countries (OPEC), which plays a significant rule in the global economy. The population
is about 30.0 million, one–half of which are women. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the biggest and
most crowded nation on the Arabian Peninsula, is the overseer of two of the holy Muslim cities:
Mecca and Medina, where Islam emerged: Those two cities attract more than 5 million visitors
annually.
Municipal election is a new system in Saudi Arabia. The first municipal election took place in 2005
after the former king Fhad made his announcement. According to Alghamdy in his research "Step
towards Democracy: "On 10 October 2003, the late King Fahd Bin Abdulaziz decided to put one
half of all municipal council seats to the vote 'within a year'. The Saudi Arabian Cabinet issued
Decision no. 224 to confirm and widen the participation of the citizens in running local affairs and
decision making" (Alghamdy, 2011). Indeed, there was no role for women on this decision and the
following one.
Although women constitute almost one–half of the nation, their

Advantages Of Khalifa Bin Saman Port
 Introduction:
In this essay I am going to discuss how Bahrain developed the new Khalifa Bin Selman Port.
Moreover, I am also going to discuss the geographical factors and technological changes that have
happened over the last 100 years which have made it essential and possible for the Khalifa Bin
Salman Port to be constructed and built. In addition, the advantages of the new port compared to the
Mina Salman Port will also be discussed and listed in this essay. Moreover, in this essay; the first oil
well in Bahrain, dredging that helped build the new port, land reclamation, the sizes of the ships, the
King Fahad Causeway, the advantages of the new Khalifa Bin Selman Port will all be discussed and
the Oram's First Law of Mechanisation.
 Timeline:
 First port in Bahrian:
Bahrain has a strategic position because it is positioned in the centre of the gulf. The first port in
Bahrain was constructed in the 1930s. It was positioned on the north side of Bahrain at Mina
Manama. The port was small and it only could handle vessels drawing up to 4 meters of water and
then wharves ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Land reclamation is the idea of creating new lands from seas, oceans, rivers or lakes. Reclamation is
mostly done in coastal areas. There are different methods to land reclamation. However, the most
common method of land reclamation is when lands are filled with large rocks or cement, or both.
Then the area is covered by using dirt until it gets to the level of height that is required. Bahrain
spent over 79BD Million to start working on Khalifa Bin Salma Port. The port is positioned on 110
hectares (ha) of reclaimed land (Ministry of Transportation and Telecommunications, n.d.). The
reclamation process was planned for Khalifa Bin Salman Port to get the best possible location
available in Bahrain for a port. As shown in the land reclamation picture above the development of
land reclamation in Bahrain and how it is expected to be in the

Analysis Of The Tragic Autobiography, By Carmen Bin Laden
In her didactic autobiography, Carmen bin Laden, sister–in–law of Osama bin Laden, construes her
past life in Saudi Arabia as to be confined in the prison of her name and educates people on the
Muslim religion, its extremists, and its constrictions on Muslim women. Additionally, she instructs
us as Americans to avoid the fundamentalists and to practice our freedoms so we don't fall into the
same dilemma she did. In her opening paragraphs, she brings up the 9/11 attacks and how she and
her family live with a daily reminder of that day. She tells her fears of her children not being able to
pursue their dreams and goals because of the family they were born into and the last name they
share with an America's Most Wanted terrorist. Furthermore,

FLIGHTLESS: An Analysis of the Immobility of Saudi Arabian...
How this communicate women oppression and the basis for such denouement will now undertake a
focal point in the course of this study. In 2001, Saudi Arabi ratified the UN Convention on the
Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) which defined discrimination
in the following terms:
Any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of
impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of their
marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms
in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field.
With this, the country bore the responsibilities and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rahman, Fazlur (INSERT YEAR!) perfectly summed it up when he wrote:
And the real nature of this crisis is not the fact that the Muslim social institutions in the past have
been wrong or irrational but the fact that there has been a social system at all which now needs to be
modified and adjusted...The disadvantage of the Muslim society at present juncture is that whereas
in the early centuries of development of social institutions in Islam, Islam started from a clean slate,
as if it were, and had to carve out ab initio a social fabric ––– an activity of which the product was
the medieval social system ––– now, when the Muslims have to face a situation of fundamental
rethinking and reconstruction their acute problem is precisely to determine how far to render the
slate clean again and on what principles and by what methods, in order to create a new set of
institutions. (p.NUMBER!) Furthermore, in Dr. Ali Shariati's Women in the Eyes and Heart of
Muhammad, he mentioned that the Prophet "was the only one who seriously heeded the fate of
women and bestowed upon them human respect and social rights" (p.10). Puzzling as it is, this piece
of information leaves us lost in a state of query. If the Islamic law, which establishes gender
internalization within Muslim societies that consequently lead to the prohibition of Muslim women

Saudi Arabia’s Military: the Social Aspects of the...
Running Head: SAUDI ARABIA
Saudi Arabia's Military:
The Social Aspects of the Kingdom's Armed Forces
Introduction For a land with such a long history of military conquests, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
has a relatively short one. Strategic movements by the House of Saud in the 1800s started the birth
of the Kingdom, and the military has quickly transformed from a tribal militia to a regional super–
power. However, Saudi Arabia is not without its faults. In this paper, I will paint a brief picture of
where the Saudi military originated from and how it evolved into its current state. I will then address
significant issues with manpower in the Saudi armed forces, the most critical failure of their military
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Saudi Arabia played a key supporting role to the United States in
the Iran–Iraq War and the Persian Gulf War. Saudi forces participated in international coalitions to
protect oil interests in the Persian Gulf and to monitor hostile forces. Additionally, Saudi forces
contributed to small combat operations in the Persian Gulf War, flying over 3,000 air sorties and
deploying six army brigades. The traditional threats that Saudi Arabia was used to evolved in the
late 1990s to Islamic terrorists and unstable neighbors with the capability of employing weapons of
mass destruction, such as Iraq and Iran.
Structure of the Saudi Armed Forces Under the authority of the King, Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz Al–
Saud, who serves as president of the Council of Ministers, which is similar to a prime minister, the
armed forces of Saudi Arabia, of which the King is commander–in–chief, fall under the Ministry of
Defense and Aviation (Metz, 1992). The Saudi armed forces consist of the Royal Saudi Land Forces,
the Royal Saudi Naval Forces, the Royal Saudi Air Force, and the Royal Saudi Air Defense Forces.
The High Defense Council, which is similar to the National Security Council in the United States,
has the responsibility of establishing and implementing the defense policy of the Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia (Noyes, 1982). Members of the High Defense Council include the King, the Minister of

Ortner Women
Women in society have faced exclusion and secondary status over the course of many centuries and
across most cultures and societies. Sherry B. Ortner's Is Female to Male as Nature is to Culture
breaks the evidence for this universal subordination of women into three sets: cultural ideology,
symbolism, and social structures.1 Using these data sets, the lower status of modern Muslim women
in Saudi Arabia can be broken down and analyzed. However, there has been a recent call to change
by Saudi Muslim women. Certain changes in the sociology of Islam in Saudi Arabia have acted as
catalysts for these protests, ranging from interpretations of the Qur'an to the current education
system. Based on what Ortner considers evidence sufficient to prove the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, with the advent of modern technology and the internet, Saudi women have gained the
ability to explore other cultures without ever leaving the country, which is forbidden without explicit
consent from a male superior, such as a husband.3,4 In addition, more and more frequently families
are choosing to send their children, including girls, out of the country for an education.5 Women are
becoming increasingly more educated and therefore more employed; this development is severely
undermining the patriarchal mentality underlying many aspects of everyday life in Saudi Arabia.6
Increased exposure to Western culture when children are sent out of the country for their education
has also created an environment of increased westernization of Saudi Arabia, which does not fit well
with its strict monarchy and Shari'a law. This growth and modernization, has created a turbulent
environment, and has led to social unrest, much of which is surrounding women's rights3.
What caused the devaluation of women in the first place? Ortner, in her piece Is Female to Male as
Nature Is to Culture? describes the types of data that are sufficient to explain the subordination of
women across all cultures1. For analyzing specific societies, such as that in modern Saudi Arabia,
Ortner's analyses can be used as a tool to identify aspects of the culture that encourage the secondary
status of women. In this way, it is easier to manage all of the information surrounding the human
rights of women in Saudi Arabia, and fully understand the context in which this mindset was
developed and

The Rights Of Women And Education
A sufficient education is something that Westerner's like myself, have taken for granted for a long
time. It's easy to, in all honesty, because we have been raised in a society in which education has
been held at the utmost importance. In the United States women are held at an equal level with men,
we've fought for this sense of equality for several years and unfortunately, not all women across the
world have had that same success. Women from other countries do not have half of the rights that
we do here in the United States, and this is something that we seem to never really think about.
Saudi Arabia is just one of the many countries around the world in which the women do not have as
many rights as men do. Being a feminist at heart with a hunger for education, it piqued my interest
to research the rights of women and education in Saudi Arabia. If I'm being honest, I had expected it
to be much worse than it is, yet it could be so much better at the same time. Saudi women should
have every right to educate themselves in any aspect they want, and though they have fought their
way to gaining some leverage, there are still necessary steps that need to be taken. Saudi Arabia is a
country in Southeast Asia with a population of approximately twenty–seven million people. Of that
twenty–seven million people, it is estimated that 30% of them are migrant workers. ("Saudi Arabia
Demographics Profile 2014.") The sex ratio of this country is about 1.21 men for every 1 woman,
with the

Know Me Research Paper
Khalid Benhasan 11B
College Writing
Know me
It is very interesting to write an essay about myself. There are many things? want to let you know?
about my personality. Firstly, my full name is Khalid Ahmed Abdulah Hasan Abdulrahem Ben
Hasan. I was born on 26th of March,2000.? I was born in Dubai, but I am a Saudi. My father is
Saudi. My mother is Emirati. I come from a great tribe named Tamimmi. It is one of the biggest
tribe's in Saudi Arabia. My ancestors were in Saudi Arabia more than 1400 years ago. At some point
some of my tribe's members and many other tribe's as well left Saudi Arabia as they were looking
for a better life. They did not stay away for long. They came back to settle in Dubai. But my family
ended up to settle in Saudi Arabia. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Actually, I am thinking in staying in United States Of America and starting my own business there.
But actually?I haven't decided yet as my mother doesn't support that idea. She says that my country
needs me and needs all young people to build this great country which will be one day one the
greatest countries in the world.
Now I want to tell you about many things, including my hobbies and my social life. In general I like
all kinds of sports but my favorite sports are swimming and football. I go swimming every Friday
with my father as he is my trainer. I have won many swimming races in Dubai. I am also the main
player in the football team of Burmetha Club. I like both football and swimming very much I hope I
could practice them

Usama bin Laden Biography Essays
Usama bin Laden and His Selection Of Terrorism
Usama bin Laden, born in 1957, comes from a wealthy Saudi Arabian family that owns a
multinational construction business. He used his inherited wealth to finance Afghan forces fighting
the Soviet Union's occupation of Afghanistan in the 1980's. After the 1991 Gulf War, he was
distressed that Saudi Arabia allowed U.S. forces to remain in the Arabian Peninsula. To advance his
agenda of expelling the U.S. from the Islamic world, he worked with other anti–Western
fundamentalists to organize a secretive, highly compartmentalized terrorist network, known as al–
Qaida. It is through his upbringing, education, culture, and wars in Islamic countries, that Usama bin
Laden has sought to purge the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Whereas Usama's father may have been a strict disciplinarian, he was also a successful businessman.
Usama bin Laden's father founded the Bin Laden Group construction company. The Bin Laden
Group became heavily involved in Saudi government contracts that facilitated the Bin Laden's
financial wealth. The construction company is known for building mosques in Mecca and Medina in
addition to highways and palaces.2 Usama also worked in his fathers business from where he
eventually amassed a fortune to finance mujahideen in Afghanistan.
While Usama bin Laden was attending King Abdul–Aziz University, the Soviet Union invaded
Afghanistan. He had maintained contact with some of the pilgrims he met during Hajj that stayed
with his family, and with his two teachers that mentored him while attending the university. These
are the individuals that influenced him to journey to Afghanistan within the first few weeks of the
invasion. "During the early stages of the mujahideen (Holy Warrior) resistance, bin Laden traveled
to Afghanistan and Pakistan to meet with scholars and leaders who had been guests at his family's
house. He began lobbying for the mujahideen and raised large amounts of money for their cause."2
After his initial trip to Afghanistan, Usama bin

Solar Energy Disadvantages
Now we will talk about the experiences of some developed countries in the exploitation of solar
energy as renewable energy and their planes for development in this filed and the areas in which
these countries planning to use the solar energy. (www.ezinearticles.com )
Germany Ten thousand megawatts: Germany is one of the most countries use of solar energy, and
plans because the rate of use will be 100% by the year 2050. In view of the year 2009 alone, we find
that Germany has installed 3,806 megawatts of solar power generators; any more than the full
capacity of solar energy Spain, and nearly eight times what the United States has recently install it.
(www.ezinearticles.com )
Spain
3 500 megawatts: for as long as Spain was the leader in the field of solar energy use in their capacity
of 2008 amounted to the equivalent of Al2605 megawatts, but abandoned this position in favor of
Germany, so the sharp decline in that year's event in 2009, where Spain is the time did not ride only
69 megawatts only. However, Spain is expected to return to the top spot this year.
Japan
2,700 MW: Maybe it is the sudden occupation of Japan to third place, but it plans to achieve an
ambitious goal through access of 28 gaga watts by 2020 and 53 gaga watts by the year 2030. Note
that Japan has in 2009 invested $ 9 billion for the program of solar energy is currently planning the
government for the use of solar energy in 32 thousand schools.
USA
1

Saudi Arabi The Kingdom Of Arabia
Saudi Arabia
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the Arabian Peninsula and Located in the
southwest corner of Asia, with a total Saudi population as 2010 amounted 29,195,895 million.
The country was established in 1932 by King Abdulaziz Al Saud. The Kingdom is Monarchy under
the leadership of Al Saud Family, current monetary unit is Riyal, the Kingdom is at the crossroads of
Europe, Asia and Africa.
Geography
It is surrounded by the Red Sea on the West, by Yemen and Oman on the South, the Arabian Gulf
and the United Arab Emirates and Qatar on the East, and Jordan, Iraq and Kuwait on the North.
Saudi Arabia 's Red Sea coastline stretches about 1,760 kilometers (1,100 miles) while its Arabian
Gulf coastline roughly 560 kilometers (350 miles).
Economy
Saudi Arabia has an oil–based economy with strong government controls over major economic
activities. It possesses about 16% of the world 's proven petroleum reserves, ranks as the largest
exporter of petroleum, and plays a leading role in OPEC. The petroleum sector accounts for roughly
87% of budget revenues, 42% of GDP, and 90% of export earnings.
The Shoura "consultative" Council
The "al–Shoura" council represents one of the ruling methods in the KSA. It acts as a very important
decision making body. Despite the system of monarchy, the authorized persons in the council take
into consideration the opinions of many other elite groups.
The council, situated in Riyadh, consists of 150 members appointed by

Explain The Realism Of The Gulf War
Abstract
The Gulf War was a brief affair between Kuwait and Iraq in 1990 and 1991 when Iraq invaded
Kuwait, yet many additional state and non–state parties involved. Realism is a theory attempting to
explain international relationships, which says that states struggle to hold power and will inevitably
be in conflict with each other because of this. Although realism was a core theory before the Cold
War, many believe that it is no longer applicable post–Cold War.
This paper has three parts. First, it will provide a brief explanation of the Gulf War. Second, it will
explain realism including the view of realism's relevance post–Cold War. Finally, it will discuss the
realist interpretation of the actions of three large actors involved in the war: Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and
the United States. This paper will critically discuss the Gulf War and investigate the dynamics and
motivations of the three main actors involved from a realist perspective. This paper will prove that
although realism is no longer overt, hidden intentions and behaviors line up to agree with a realist
methodology in international relations.
Realism is one theory that has been used to explain international relationships. However, many say
that it is less relevant post–Cold War due to changes in politics and interactions between states. The
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Where there were small moments of collaboration, it was only to position one's self to gain power
by force. Countries have learned, as if through rote memorization, that it is not appropriate to attack
other states in order to get what they want; they have been taught to try (or pretend to try) and work
together. However, it is all too clear that as soon as the state does not get what it desires in the easy
manner, the state acts in a manner explained by realism, which is to take it by sheer force, perhaps
providing a guise for a

Essay On The Desert Storm
The Desert Storm or as some know, the Persian Gulf War, took place in August of 1990. Saddam
Hussein, the leader of Iraq was the main person involved in the start of the war. The war included
many allied countries, they included a big part of the Middle East, Canada, United States and the
United Kingdom and many more. After lasting 100 hours the war ended on February 28th, 1991
(The Gulf War,1991)
The Desert Storm, which is also known as the Persian Gulf War and known as Operation Desert
Storm, started at the end of the Cold War in 1990. The Desert Storm happened because Saddam
Hussein, who was the leader of Iraq ordered invasion and occupation of the neighboring country of
Kuwait, in August of 1990. Hussein was told by the United Nations Security Council to withdraw
from Kuwait by the middle of January 1991, and Hussein disregarded their demands. Because he
refused to withdraw the Persian Gulf War was triggered (Feinstein, 39). The Iraqi takeover posed a
threat to Saudi Arabia, which was another oil supplying country for the United States. If Saudi
Arabia took over by Hussein than he would have controlled one–fifth of the world's oil supply. The
Middle East had their eyes on the White House, waiting for a response from President George H. W.
Bush. When he found out his response was, "This will not stand," meaning that Hussein taking over
the Middle East's oil would not be tolerable (Operation Desert Storm).
In August of 1990, the dictator of Iraq, Saddam Hussein, invaded

Saudi Arabia In The Film Blood And Oil
The United States' exchange of protection for oil with the Royal Family lead to terrorism in the
Middle East due to the American forces and presence that existed in Saudi Arabia. In the film
"Blood and Oil", the United States' agenda within the Middle east became more than just protecting
the Royal family for Oil, it became that the US was protecting their income of oil. Ronald Reagan
states in a clip, "Saudia Arabia provides the bulk of the energy that is needed to turn the wheels of
industry in the western world; There's no way we can stand by and see that taken over by anyone
who would shut off that oil". During the invasion of Iraq in Kuwait, Dick Cheney went to Saudia
Arabia to convince King Fahd that the Royal Family and the country

Al Qaeda: Origins, Development and Objectives
International Relations
Al Qaeda: Origins, Development and Objectives
Select any terrorist group we studied and explain its origins, development and objectives.
Al Qaeda is an international terrorist organization that was founded by Osama bin Laden in the late
1980s in Peshawar, Pakistan. The name is Arabic for "The Base of Operation" or "method" (Burke
2004). However, many experts agree that al–Qaeda is more dangerous as an ideology than as an
organization. As an organization, it has been weakened by fragmentation, arrests, and deaths of the
top leaders. This has caused the structure of the organization to be destroyed, resulting in the lack of
a central hub for the militant group. One thing that remains is the ideology, which is ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since this was only a goal of certain members, a number of organizations were formed to further
these goals, while other organizations pursued different goals. This disagreement was mainly
between bin Laden, who wanted to focus more on global non–military operations while Azzam
wanted to continue with the military operations. However, Azzam was assassinated by a car bomb in
1989, and the Services Office split, with many of the volunteers joining Bin Laden's cause.
By this time, Bin Laden left Afghanistan for Saudi Arabia, as Iraq had invaded its neighbor Kuwait,
which put the vast Saudi oil fields at risk since the Iraqi troops could easily attack them from their
position in Kuwait. The Saudi army had a great deal of firepower but not enough troops to face the
Iraqi army. Bin Laden offered the mujahedeen to King Fahd of Saudi Arabia to defend Saudi Arabia
against the Iraqi army but King Fadh decided to allow the troops of the United States and its allies to
defend Saudi Arabia. Bin Laden was angered by this move as he did not think foregin troops should
be on sacred soil, since it is the location of two mosques, Mecca and Medina. He was very
outspoken against Saudi Arabia's actions, leading to his exile to Sudan. While in Sudan, he assisted
their government, supporting businesses and setting up training camps for the mujahedeen. In 1993,
Israel and Palestine signed the Oslo Accords,

The Persian Gulf War : Operation Desert Storm
The Persian Gulf War: Operation Desert Storm In August 1990 the leader of Iraq, Saddam Hussein
commanded his military to invade Kuwait. Refugees fled Kuwait, as many citizens were robbed,
assaulted, and looted. Kuwait is a small country located at the North–Western end of the Persian
Gulf, this gulf separates South Western Asia and the Arabian Peninsula. Saddam Hussein was well
known to be a ruthless dictator. Leaving this to be the first time a UN member nation had invaded
one of its fellow UN member nations. According to legends, that Hussein himself accepted, during
the war Iraq– Iran war he had used poison gas against both Iranian troops and Iraqi civilians because
they opposed to his regime (Carlisle 3). With this certain example we can furthermore comprehend
Hussein's brutality and desire for power.
Iraq and Kuwait are both member nations of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and
by no doubt were rich from the oil revenue. Iraq mainly utilized this wealth into constructing a
strong army, whereas Kuwait used the money to provide a better quality of life for its citizens.
Hussein had major war–debts that incurred from Iran–Iraq war that he could not pay off. Kuwait
seemed to be a good choice for Hussein as the country was a part of Iraq during the Ottoman Empire
and only gained sovereignty in 1961. Furthermore a significant amount Iraq's war debts are from
Kuwait. Seizing Kuwait for Hussein proved immunity, as now there would not be much stopping
him

Sadam Huisein's Invasion of Kuwait Led to Operation Desert...
Operation Desert Storm
The Gulf War, also known as Operation Desert Storm, the Persian Gulf War, The First Gulf War or
The Kuwait War. Was a war that started 2 August 1990 when Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein invaded
Kuwait. The war lasted to 28. February 1991, when President Bush declared a ceasefire. The war
ended unofficially the 26th, when the Iraqi troops started to withdraw from Kuwait, after finishing
their mission. The Coalition air forces continued to follow and bomb the Iraqi troops, even after the
retreat started. They kept killing Iraqi troops, and a Highway 8 became known as the "Highway of
Death".
The Background
Why did Iraq, led by Saddam Hussein invade Kuwait?
In August 1988, the war between Iran and Iraq ended, but they ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Hussein justified his invasion of Kuwait by claiming that Kuwait was an artificial state started on
the Iraqi coast by western colonialists. The truth was that Kuwait was recognized as a country before
Iraq was created, after World War 1.
American Invasion
How did the Americans get involved in this war?
When Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait, Egypt and Saudi Arabia turned to the US and other western
powers to help cool the situation. The United Nations warned Hussein, and if he did not withdraw
his troops by mid–January of 1991, they would have to intervene. Hussain did not listen to the UN,
and the Persian Gulf War began, led by a massive US–led air offensive, known as Operation Desert
Storm. 42 days later, US President George Bush declared a ceasefire, on February 28. By then, most
Iraqi troops had surrendered, fled or been killed.
On August 8 Hussain said that Kuwait was Iraq's "19th province", at the same time, the US Air
Force fighter planes began to land in Saudi Arabia as a part of the buildup known as Operation
Desert Shield. NATO allies and other Arab nations accompanied the US troops; the deployment was
to prevent a possible invasion of Saudi Arabia.
Meanwhile in Kuwait, Hussain increased his forced to about 300000 soldiers. Hussain tried to
gather support from the Muslim world by declaring a Jihad, holy war. When this failed, he turned
over to Iran to agree on peace, so he could max out the strength of his forces.
November 29.

Operation Desert Ring Theory: The Warden's Five Rings Theory
INTRODUCTION
1. Warden's Five Rings theory is a model developed by Col. John Warden. It was first applied in a
real war setting in the 1991 Gulf war incorporated in the "Operational Thunder" offensive strategy.
It was the key theory that defined Operational Thunder strategy as it was known for American Air
Power in defeating Iraq air force. The concept of the five ring model revolves around five major
areas of interest that must be attacked and weekend sufficiently before enemy forces can be
defeated.
2. Warden's Five rings Model analyses Operation Desert Storm. Analysing the enemy as a system,
Warden contends that all strategic entities can be broken down into five component parts. The most
crucial element of the system, the innermost ring, is leadership. Extending outward from the
leadership centre, in descending ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The USA initiated Operation Desert Shield, which was basically the build–up of troops and
armament for the defence of Saudi Arabia and also as a prelude to offensive action against Iraq in an
operation codenamed Desert Storm. These operations were made by the coalition forces from 34
nations led by the USA against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait.
13. When the US and Allied forces positioned armed forces in Saudi Arabia and surrounding
countries in the Persian Gulf, President George H W Bush issued deadlines for the Iraqis to leave
Kuwait. Bush bombed strategic Iraqi targets on January 17, 1991 for 100 days and then sent in
Ground Forces in February 1991. The ground campaign lasted only 100 hours.
CENTER OF GRAVITY ANALYSIS: A MODEL
14. Using accurate analysis of centers of gravity, scholars are able to recognize what was decisive in
an operation, and what shaped the operations. In this paper a model that permits insightful analysis
of centers of gravity, using four inter–related concepts has been used:
a. Centers of Gravity.
b. Critical Capabilities.
c. Critical Requirements.
d. Critical

Women's Rights: Saudi Arabia
What are rights? Rights are things that a person is or should be morally or legally allowed to have,
get, or do; we know a lot about rights in the United States. For many centuries Americans have felt
strongly about their rights and we have spent centuries fighting for them. An example of this would
be the African Americans in America; brought to the United States as slaves to mend the fields of
southern farmers, African Americans had little to no rights in the still newly formed country. Yet,
after the United States Civil War blacks would gain there freedom with the adding of the 13th
amendment, which officially abolished slavery, the 14th amendment, which declared all persons
born in the United States or naturalized in the United States ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Saudi Arabia is a country in Southeast Asia with a population of approximately 19 million,
established in 1932 by King AbdulAziz Ibn AbdulRahman Al Saud. Arabic is the official language
and Islam the official religion. According to the 1992 census, 4.6 million of Saudi Arabian residents
were foreign workers, which can be assumed this why in Saudi Arabia women only constitute for
seven per cent of the work force in 1990 and four per cent in 2003. The Saudi literacy rate in 1970,
when compared to the literacy rates of the Middle East and North Africa, was 15 per cent for men
and two per cent for women. This rate was the lowest in these regions, with only Yemen and
Afghanistan ranking lower. This may seem low to us, but the steep rise in literacy rate by the 1990s,
must be seen as an accomplishment in the time period. Said to have one of the most tightly
controlled governments on the planet by USA Today, Saudi Arabia is an Islamic theocratic
monarchy, ruled over absolutely by the House of Saud, which has controlled the land since its
formal recognition in 1932 and home to Islam's two most–sacred mosques. Islam's most sacred
shrine, the Ka'abah, is held in the Holy Mosque of Saudi Arabia, which Muslims throughout the
world turn towards devoutly in prayer five times a day. Muslims around the world study the Qur'an
just as Christians study the bible. The Qur'an is a record of the

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