This document discusses different statistical tests used to determine if results from an experiment occurred by chance or indicate a real difference. It explains that the appropriate test depends on factors like the scale of measurement, number of groups, and sample size. Parametric tests are used for quantitative data from normally distributed populations, while non-parametric tests are for qualitative data involving categorical groups. The t-test is described as a commonly used parametric test to compare two means.
A new sdm classifier using jaccard mining procedure case study rheumatic feve...ijbbjournal
In this paper, a new Statistical Data Mining (SDM) technique is proposed using Jaccard Mining Procedure
(JMP) contributing a novel classifier & predictor by applying very effective stages on the training data
depending on Jaccard (J) distance matrix Linked with the Gini Index Measure as precision measure for
initiating a new classifier and a new predictor, The proposed SDM technique using JMP is applied and
examined on a Rheumatic Fever Data to demonstrate its applicability.
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In this paper, a new Statistical Data Mining (SDM) technique is proposed using Jaccard Mining Procedure (JMP) contributing a novel classifier & predictor by applying very effective stages on the training and testing data depending on Jaccard (J) distance matrix Linked with the Gini Index Measure as precision measure for initiating a new classifier and a new predictor, The proposed SDM technique using JMP is applied and examined on a Rheumatic Fever Data to demonstrate its applicability.
Prepared as part of the course requirements for the subject IT for Business Intelligence at Vinod Gupta School of Management, IIT Kharagpur. This paper discusses some of the data mining techniques using examples in the software WEKA.
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1) Planning of Experiments
2) Data Generation
3) presentation of report
some numerical approach methods; data modeling; hypothesis methods
A new sdm classifier using jaccard mining procedure case study rheumatic feve...ijbbjournal
In this paper, a new Statistical Data Mining (SDM) technique is proposed using Jaccard Mining Procedure
(JMP) contributing a novel classifier & predictor by applying very effective stages on the training data
depending on Jaccard (J) distance matrix Linked with the Gini Index Measure as precision measure for
initiating a new classifier and a new predictor, The proposed SDM technique using JMP is applied and
examined on a Rheumatic Fever Data to demonstrate its applicability.
A New SDM Classifier Using Jaccard Mining Procedure (CASE STUDY: RHEUMATIC FE...Soaad Abd El-Badie
In this paper, a new Statistical Data Mining (SDM) technique is proposed using Jaccard Mining Procedure (JMP) contributing a novel classifier & predictor by applying very effective stages on the training and testing data depending on Jaccard (J) distance matrix Linked with the Gini Index Measure as precision measure for initiating a new classifier and a new predictor, The proposed SDM technique using JMP is applied and examined on a Rheumatic Fever Data to demonstrate its applicability.
Prepared as part of the course requirements for the subject IT for Business Intelligence at Vinod Gupta School of Management, IIT Kharagpur. This paper discusses some of the data mining techniques using examples in the software WEKA.
Analysis of Variance and Repeated Measures DesignJ P Verma
This presentation discusses the basic concept used in analysis of variance and it shows the difference between independent measures ANOVA and Repeated measures ANOVA
This presentation discusses the application of discriminant analysis in sports research. One can understand the steps involved in the analysis and testing its assumptions.
Quantitative Analysis for Emperical ResearchAmit Kamble
Overview for Approach Methods for quantitative analysis; which includes
1) Planning of Experiments
2) Data Generation
3) presentation of report
some numerical approach methods; data modeling; hypothesis methods
Please Subscribe to this Channel for more solutions and lectures
http://www.youtube.com/onlineteaching
Chapter 9: Inferences from Two Samples
9.2: Two Means, Independent Samples
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Please Subscribe to this Channel for more solutions and lectures
http://www.youtube.com/onlineteaching
Chapter 9: Inferences from Two Samples
9.4: Two Variances or Standard Deviations
T test - method of testing hypotheses about the mean of a small sample drawn from a normally distributed population when the population standard deviation is unknown.
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While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
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The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
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Orchestrator execution result
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- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
1. ch-13 Sample (Typeset by TYINDEX, Delhi) 1 of 4 May 31, 2009 18:1
13
SIGNIFICANT TESTS
A fter any experiment we get some results, but we are not sure about
this result whether the result occurred by chance or a real difference.
That time to find truth we will use some statistical tests, these tests are
termed as, ‘Tests of Significance’.
Selection of Statistical Tests:
The selection of the appropriate statistical test is depends upon:
1. The scale of measurement e.g. Ratio, Interval.
2. The number of groups e.g. One, Two or More.
3. Sample size e.g. If the sample size is less than 30. Students ‘t’ test is
to be used.
4. Measurements e.g. Repeated or Independent measurements.
Selection of Test of Significance:
For application of test sample should be selected randomly. Thus we have
in this case degree of freedom ‘n’ = 4 – 1 = 3 Now, table value of x2 is 7.815
t 0.05 for 3 degree of freedom, which is much less than the obtained value
that is 20.554
There are two types of tests:
1. Parametric Tests
2. Non – Parametric Tests
1
2. ch-13 Sample (Typeset by TYINDEX, Delhi) 2 of 4 May 31, 2009 18:1
SIGNIFICANT TESTS
Table 13.1. This is Example of Table Sample.
Scale Two groups Three/More groups
Independent Repeated Independent Repeated
Interval Z test Z test ANOVA test ANOVA
and Ratio t test t test (F test) (F test)
Ordinal Median test Wilcox an test Median Friedman test
Mann Whitney Kruscal test
Nominal X2 test Me Nemar test Chi–Square Cochron’s test
Test
1. Parametric Test:
When quantitative data like Weight, Length, Height, and Percentage is
given it is used. These tests were based on the assumption that samples
were drawn from the normally distributed populations.
E.g. Students t test, Z test etc.
2. Non – Parametric Test:
When qualitative data like Health, Cure rate, Intelligence, Color is given
it is used. Here observations are classified into a particular category or
groups.
E.g. Chi square (x2 ) test, Median tests etc.
I. T – Test:
W.S. Gosset investigated this test in 1908. It is called Student t – Test
because the pen name of Dr. Gosset was student, hence this test is known
as student’s t – test. It is also called as ‘t- ratio’ because it is a ratio of
difference between two means.
Aylmer Fisher (1890–1962) developed students ‘t’ test where samples are
drawn from normal population and are randomly selected.
After comparing the calculated value of ‘t’ with the value given in the
‘t’ table considering degree of freedom we can ascertain its significance.
Is the testing reliable? It is used for comparisons with expectations of
the Normal, Binomial and Poisson distributions and Comparison of a
sample variance with population variance.
2
3. ch-13 Sample (Typeset by TYINDEX, Delhi) 3 of 4 May 31, 2009 18:1
SIGNIFICANT TESTS
Table 13.2. This is Example of Table Sample.
Patients Before After
treatment (B) treatment (A)
1 2.4 2.2
2 2.8 2.6
3 3.2 3.0
4 6.4 4.2
5 4.3 2.2
6 2.2 2.0
7 6.2 4.8
8 4.2 2.4
Solution:
Here,
D = 8.3
N=8
D2 = 14.61
8.3
D= = 1.0375
8
∴ Standard deviation of the different between means. Here, the calculated
value for ‘t’ exceeds the tabulated ‘t’ value at p = 0.05 level with 7df.
Therefore the glucose concentration by the patients after treatment is not
significant.
D)2
D2 − ( n
=
N−1
(8.3)2
14.61 − 8
=
7
14.61 − 68.89
8
=
7
14.61 − 8.6112
∴ S.D. =
7
√
= 0.8569
∴ S.D. = 0.9257
3
4. ch-13 Sample (Typeset by TYINDEX, Delhi) 4 of 4 May 31, 2009 18:1
SIGNIFICANT TESTS
Now, standard error of the difference (SED )
SD 0.9257 0.9257
.= √ = √ =
N 8 2.8284
∴ S.E. = 0.3272
D 1.0375
∴t= = = 3.1708
SED 0.3272
Here, the calculated value for ‘t’ exceeds the tabulated ‘t’ value at p =
0.05 level with 7df. Therefore the glucose concentration by the patients
after treatment is not significant.
Utility:
It is widely used in the field of Medical science, Agriculture and Veterinary
as follows:
r To compare the results of two drugs which is given to same individ-
uals in the sample at two different situations? E.g. Effect of Bryonia
and Lycopodium on general symptoms like sleep, appetite etc.
r It is used to study of drug specificity on a particular organ / tissue /
cell level. E.g. Effect of Belberis Vulg. on renal system.
r It is used to compare results of two different methods. E.g. Estimation
of Hb% by Sahlis method and Tallquist method.
r To compare observations made at two different sites of the same body.
E.g. compare blood pressure of arm and thigh.
r To study the accuracy of two different instruments like Thermometer,
B.P apparatus etc.
r To accept the Null Hypothesis that is no difference between the two
means.
r To reject the hypothesis that is the difference between the means of
the two samples is statistically significant.
4