Safrty: Personal & Boats safety Equipment, safety procedures & Briefing as well as engine check & Rescue procedures

1. Noakhali Science and Technology University
Course Tittle
Seamanship and Maritime navigation
Course Code
OCN4107
Assignment on:02
Safrty: Personal & Boats safety Equipment, safety procedures &
Briefing as well as engine check & Rescue procedures
Submit To
Razat Shovro Dash
Lecturer,Dept.of Oceanography
NSTU
Submit By
Azad Uddion Sojib
Enroll:ASH1718010M
Submission Date:21/08/2020

2. Table of contents
Serial
Number
Archives of Title Page
Number
01 What is Safety and Boat safety 01
02 Essential Personal Safety and Boat Safety
Equipment
01-05
03 Other pivotal Electronic Essentials 06
04 Personal Watercraft (PWC) safety procedure 07-10
05 Safety Briefing 10-11
06 Confirmation of Safety Briefing 12
07 Engine checks and Regular servicing 12

3. What is Safety:
Safety is the state of being unhurt or guarded the condition of being protected from
impairment/ harm or other non-desirable outcomes. Safety can also refer to the control
of recognized physical injury , hazards in order to achieve an acceptable level of risk.
Boat safety:
Since it is a recreational activity, most boating is done in calm protected waters and
during good weather. Even so, conditions can change rapidly, and a small vessel can
get into life-threatening difficulties. It's important to keep an inventory of safety gear on
board every boat, which is prescribed by the U.S. Coast Guard as well as state boating
law administrators in the U.S. Depending on the size of the boat and how it is powered,
required equipment may include:
Essential Personal Safety and Boat Safety Equipment:
There’s nothing quite like spending the day on your boat with family and friends. Just be
sure safety is foremost in your mind. From must-have safety gear to how to safely
operate a boat, check out these important boating safety tips:
1.Life jackets:
Life jackets do more than simply keep you afloat. Many are designed to turn an
unconscious person face up and even help prevent hypothermia. By law, all boats must
have a provided life jacket for each person on board. Some states also require
children to wear life jackets at all times. Choose a life jacket that is right for your
height and weight, plus:
➢ Try it on before purchasing. Fasten the vest, hold your arms straight up over your
head and have someone gently pull the top of the arm opening to make sure it fits
snugly.
➢ Auto and manual inflatable life vests can turn an unconscious wearer face up, but
they require regular maintenance. They’re also not recommended for children
under 16 years of age.
➢ If you’re going fishing, look for a life jacket with pockets and straps to easily carry
tackle and supplies.
1.1 and wearable personal flotation devices (PFDs):
An accessible, wearable PFD (Type I, II, or III) is a life jacket that must be available for
each person on board. If you’re towing a skier or have a wake surfer behind the boat, he
or she will need a PFD as well. Kids 12 and under must always wear their PFD on a
moving vessel. Likewise, everyone riding a personal watercraft (PWC) must also wear a
PFD at all times. In case of an emergency of any kind, the first thing you should do is
ensure that all passengers onboard immediately put on their life jackets—

4. or proactively, you can recommend that all those onboard just put them on right at the
dock before departure. Although not required, your pet should have a lifejacket, too.
2. Be prepared with a boat safety kit
You can’t always predict an emergency, so be prepared for any situation. Your boat
safety kit should be kept on board no matter the size of your boat. Below are some
essential items your safety kit should include.
➢ Flashlight – A flashlight and extra batteries can help you see around your boat
in the dark and allow you to be seen if you run out of fuel or if your craft stalls.
➢ Duct tape – Spring a leak? Temporarily bandage the hole with duct tape.
➢ Bucket – Even if the boat isn’t leaking, water may otherwise enter the vessel. A
bucket can help you bail it out.
➢ First aid kit – A properly equipped first aid kit, plus the knowledge on how to use
it, is vital in case of an accident or medical emergency.
➢ Whistle – As a recognized signal calling for help on the water, a waterproof
whistle is another must-have.
➢ Ropes – These are critical for pulling someone in who has fallen overboard,
securing your craft to the dock and tying down loose items in extreme weather.
➢ Mirror – A mirror or any reflective object can signal for help.

5. ➢ Garbage bags – Use them as rain ponchos and protection for items on board.
➢ Fire extinguisher – Just because you’re on the water doesn’t mean you can’t
have an onboard fire. All passengers should know the location of your fire
extinguisher and how to use it.
➢ Life jackets – You should have a U.S. Coast Guard approved life jacket for every
person on board. Read on for information on picking out the right life jackets.
3. Throwable flotation devices
In addition to the life jackets you wear, you’ll need at least one floating device (Type IV)
that you can throw to an individual in the water in case of trouble. This can be a
cushion, a ring buoy or other device and although only one is required, it’s better to
have several. Some of these items may come with a line attached so you can pull a
person closer to the boat and then get them out of the water.
4. Fire extinguishers
There are different kinds and ratings for extinguishers but to keep it simple, remember
that boats under 26 feet (including PWCs) need at least one B-1 type extinguisher and
boats 26 to just under 40 feet need two B-1 types or one B-2 type. Discuss with your
family and guests how to operate an extinguisher: pull the pin, squeeze the handle and
aim at the base of the flames.
5. Visual signaling devices
Visual distress signals can come in a variety packages and there are different
requirements by size of vessel and even by the state where you go boating. Boats
under 16 feet must have flares or nighttime signals. Boats over 16 feet must carry visual
signals for both day and night use. Examples of pyrotechnic devices or flares that would
qualify are orange or white smoke and aerial light flares. Some flares are self-launching
while others require a flare gun to send them into the sky. Other nighttime devices
include a strobe light while flags may be used during the day. PWCs cannot be
operated between sunset and sunrise so they don’t need to carry nighttime devices.

6. 6. Sound signaling devices
Sounds can attract help both day and night and are especially effective in fog. Portable
or fixed horns and whistles count as sound-generating devices for all boats. Larger
vessels (over 39 feet) should also carry a bell to be sounded at regular intervals in times
of limited visibility like fog.
7. Check for harmful fumes
After refueling your boat, open all the hatches and smell for fumes. If detected, don’t
start the engine.
Carbon monoxide can accumulate in and around your boat and unexpectedly knock you
or your guest’s unconscious. Be aware of all the places fumes and gases can
accumulate, including:
➢ Inadequately ventilated canvas enclosures
➢ Enclosed spaces
➢ Blocked exhaust outlets
➢ Nearby boats
➢ When your engine is idling, running at a slow speed or stopped
8.Anchor
An anchor with a chain may seem like a no-brainer item, but choosing the right kind of
anchor is crucial for safety. Its optimal shape and size depend on the floor conditions of
your body of water, so pick an anchor based on where you’re boating that day. And
make sure the chain is long enough to reach the bottom.
Follow proper anchoring procedures
Having the right anchor isn’t enough. To keep the wind from dragging your boat, you
may need to drop two anchors in a V-formation at the front of the craft to keep it from
drifting. To help prevent the tide from lifting your anchor, you may need to drop it in
deeper water – about 20-30 feet or so.
9. Follow proper docking procedures
Depending on the wind, the current and your type of boat, docking can be a challenge.
As you approach the dock or shore, make sure your bumpers are out to prevent
damage to your craft, reduce your speed and make sure the docking lines are secured.
If the wind is blowing towards the shore, bring the boat about two feet from the dock and
the wind will gently pull it in. You can then secure it with lines. If the wind is blowing
away from the shore, approach the dock at a 20- to 30-degree angle to compensate for
the wind. Then secure the bow line.

7. 10. Take a boating safety course
There are several safety courses in online are available, including a few free courses.
The U.S. Coast Guard estimates that 70% of boating accidents are caused by operator
error. Before you leave the dock, make sure you know the rules and your
responsibilities. The Boat offers a free online boating safety course developed
specifically for each individual state. The U.S. Coast Guard offers an additional list of
online and hands-on courses for boating safety. Therefore, we should be knowing the
boats safety course.
11.Kill cord
A kill cord will stop the engine if you move away from the helm or if you fall out of the
vessel. This then stops the vessel running away and injuring you or others. Always
check that the kill cord works. Attach it to yourself, preferably around the leg, whenever
the engine is running.
12.Bucket or bailer
A bucket will have many uses onboard. One of the most useful will be to bail out water if
the vessel starts to sink.
Other pivotal Electronic Essentials
1.VHF radio
The U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center says a VHF marine radio is the “single most
important radio system you should buy.” VHF radios let you send distress calls and
respond to other boaters’ calls for help – via very high frequencies. Before shopping,
check out these VHF radio regulations. Just don’t expect to use your cell phone on the
water, since most will not get service even a few miles from shore.
2.Onboard battery charger
If your battery runs out during your trip, you could be in trouble. Invest in a good
onboard battery charger. Today’s chargers are lighter and smaller than ever. Simply
plug in your boat battery and re-charge.
3.Chart plotter
Similar to auto GPS devices, a chart plotter maps your location and destination. Easy to
install, many of the devices also allow you to view boat traffic. Chart plotters are
especially important for beginners or boaters in a new body of water.

8. Personal Watercraft (PWC) safety procedure /Guide:
Personal watercrafts (PWCs), also commonly referred to as their brand names like Jet
Ski, Wave Runner or Sea-Doo, have evolved from unique, niche vehicles to one of the
most popular categories of boats currently on the water. But while the fun factor is high,
and cost and hassles comparatively low, PWC should never be dismissed as a big kid’s
toy. Their unique design, propulsion, and maneuverability demand that operators both
understand and respect the craft’s abilities.
.
Before You Ride
➢ Familiarize yourself with the owners’ manual and all safety warnings, paying
particular attention to the operation of the jet jump.
➢ PWC manufacturers recommend neoprene shorts or wetsuits to protect lower-
body openings from impact with the water during a high-speed fall or the
powerful thrust produced by the pump.
➢ Never attempt to board when the engine is running, and keep loose clothing and
long hair clear of the pump intake.
➢ As with any type of boating, thoroughly understand boating laws and the rules of
the road. Many states impose stricter age restrictions on personal watercraft use.
Check local boating laws for the specifics in your area.
➢ Different size PWC have different passenger and weight capacities; exceeding
either could negatively affect the handling of the craft.
➢ Familiarize yourself with the handlebar steering, throttle control and safety
lanyard. Never operate a PWC without the safety lanyard attached to both craft
and driver’s wrist or life jacket. Remove the lanyard whenever the craft is
unattended to prevent unauthorized use.
➢ Driver and passengers should always wear a Coast Guard-approved life
jacket.
➢ Eyewear will block the force of wind and water spray that could impair vision.
➢ Gloves and footwear offer welcome additional grip and traction.
➢ Wetsuits or windbreaker-style jacket/pant combos are advisable for cooler
weather because PWC riders are far more exposed to the elements than the
typical boater.

9. Familiarizing Yourself with Your Personal Watercraft
Take time to familiarize yourself with a PWC’s unique handling. Choose a quiet area
and practice using the throttle, carving through turns, and coming to a stop. If equipped,
put the craft into reverse and note how it steers when backing.
Understand that throttle is required to make a turn. Rather than a rudder, personal
watercraft use directed thrust produced by the jet pump to steer. If you stop that thrust
by releasing the throttle or stopping the engine, the driver will lose directional control
over the craft. Because releasing the throttle and turning the handlebars fully to one
side is a common reaction in a collision-avoidance situation, manufacturers long ago
addressed this scenario by having craft automatically apply a small amount of thrust
should the driver perform those actions. That minimal amount of thrust is enough to
initiate a turn in the direction the driver intended and possibly avoid an obstacle, but
manual throttle input is essential for true directional control.
Like any boat, a PWC will not rapidly slow but rather will coast to a gradual stop when
the throttle is released. In the case of a fast-moving PWC, that distance can be 250 feet
or more. Many newer models provide stopping power by electronically linking the
reverse bucket to a handlebar-mounted control lever. Applying the lever at higher
speeds drops that bucket partially into the flow of water exiting the craft’s jet pump,
redirecting thrust forward and to the sides to rapidly slow forward motion.
Safely Riding Your PWC, Jet Ski, Wave Runner or Sea-Doo
➢ Pay close attention to nearby boat traffic, remembering that other boaters might
not be prepared for a PWC’s quick response and short turning radius.

10. ➢ Before initiating a turn, look to both sides, as well as behind, to make sure no
boats are overtaking your craft.
➢ Always give other boaters ample space, as well as stay a safe distance from
shore.
➢ Never follow directly behind another watercraft, jump boat wakes, or attempt to
spray other boaters, swimmers or beachgoers. Falls can and will happen,
especially during the learning process. Should you start to fall, don’t be tempted
to hang on. It’s safer to get clear of the watercraft. Re-board only with the engine
off, with the driver boarding first and then passengers.
➢ In the event the craft flips, look for a sticker on the stern detailing the proper way
to flip the craft upright to avoid engine damage.
➢ Though a PWC might be able to operate in shallow conditions, avoid
environmentally sensitive areas. While PWC might not have any rudder or
propeller extending below the hull bottom, the extreme pressure of water exiting
the jet pump can still do damage in shallow conditions. Riding in shallow waters
can also cause damage to your craft because the suction of the pump can draw
in sand, rocks and other debris in waters less than 3 feet deep.
Finally, never operate a personal watercraft at night. Not only are personal watercraft
not equipped with navigation lights, their unique design exposes riders to a greater
chance of falling off the craft, a situation that could be dangerous in low visibility.

11. Required Safety Equipment for a PWC
➢ A life jacket for each operating passenger, and person being towed
➢ A Coast Guard-approved B-1 fire extinguisher
➢ An approved sound-signaling device such as a whistle or horn
➢ An emergency engine cutoff lanyard attached to the operator
➢ Proper display of registration numbers, letters and validation decals
➢ Vessel registration, to be displayed when requested
➢ A functioning backfire flame arrestor and passive ventilation system.
Safety Briefing:
DIVE PLANNING
➢ If relevant, check with dive operator or boat crew regarding any local knowledge,
current conditions and dive plans.
➢ Lead team to undertake the Risk Management process.
o Review the risk assessment for the relevant site and re-evaluate the site,
conditions and changed
o factors on-site using the ‘on the day’ risk assessment template.
o Ask the team: “Are there any additional hazards or risks that you can think
of?”
o Discuss perceived hazards, mitigation strategies and risks.
o It is the responsibility of all team members to actively participate in the risk
assessment and to verify that they feel comfortable to dive.
Are all team members comfortable to carry out planned activities?
DIVE BRIEFING
1. Deliver a dive brief prior to any Reef Watch in-water activity with ALL participants
present
2. Review of environmental, physiological, activity, task-related and other
considerations (including unique factors identified in the Risk Management Guide
process)
A. ENVIRONMENTAL
➢ Dive site entry and exit points & considerations
➢ Depth of site (divers should not go beyond 12 m)
➢ Details of expected ‘in water’ conditions, including currents, visibility, seafloor
conditions, etc. and potential impacts on diving activities
➢ Visibility: buddy and Reef Watch dive officer proximity to be closer in reduced
visibility
➢ Marine life: site specific hazardous marine life to consider particularly shark risk;
inform volunteers of any sightings in the vicinity of the dive location in the
previous 24 hrs. Volunteers can abort at any time.
➢ Water temperature: divers can abort at any time if they feel cold

12. ➢ Hot conditions: if there is a need to walk a considerable distance in full kit in hot
weather (higher than 32°C), volunteers can choose to opt out of the activity;
reminder to drink plenty of water.
B. PHYSIOLOGICAL
➢ Remind volunteers via email prior to a dive about pre-dive fitness (prior dives,
prior physical exertion, fatigue, hydration)
➢ Dive planning (maximum dive time, reminder for slow ascent 18 m/min, where
dives exceed 12 m it is recommended to do a 3 min safety stop at 5 m where
practical)
➢ Air consumption (regularly monitor air levels in air cylinders at the end of every 5
m during LIT at a minimum, keep your buddy informed, and at the end of every
fish and invertebrate transect, leave the bottom with no less than 50 bar, taking
into account the depth of the dive and exertion levels, e.g., when diving against a
current)
➢ Exertion required to reach dive site or conduct task (Are all divers comfortable
with surface swims, currents, swell, etc.)
C.TASK-RELATED
➢ Tasks: Objectives of the survey and the assigned tasks, roles, equipment of each
team member—ask does everyone feel comfortable with their role? Does anyone
have questions?
➢ Buoyancy control: be mindful while hovering near the reef; no-one goes deeper
than 12 m
➢ Task loading: be aware of your survey role, but also be alert to your surroundings
and buddy
➢ Communication techniques: review of hand signals, use of dive slates
➢ Other reef users e.g. boat traffic, reef tourists
➢ Dive termination procedures (aborting dives: option to safely abort dive AT ANY
TIME, tell the Reef Watch dive officer, consider low air/minimum air limits, time in
water, fatigue, cold) CONSIDER SAFETY FIRST!
D.EMERGENCY RESPONSE
➢ Lost contact procedure (buddy or team) – search for 1 min underwater by looking
360° searching for diver and/or bubbles at the last location the buddy/ group was
sighted, if no contact, surface to reunite
➢ Dive recall signal
➢ Location of emergency action plan (does everyone know where it is?)
➢ Review of tasks of each dive team member and relevant equipment — ask does
everyone feel comfortable with their role? Does anyone have questions?
➢ Buddy pairs shall perform a thorough, pre-dive buddy check
E. EQUIPMENT CHECK
The Reef Watch dive officer is responsible for all first aid.
➢ Location of First Aid kit
➢ Location of mobile phone and charger, or radio in remote locations

13. ➢ Location of oxygen cylinder and associated equipment. Only the Reef Watch dive
officer is authorized to administer oxygen.
CONFIRMATION OF SAFETY BRIEFING
Each dive volunteer must sign the dive log to indicate they have heard and understood
the briefing. The Reef Watch dive officer will sign the dive log to verify that all survey
team members were present and heard and understood the briefing.
This must be completed before each dive.
DIVE DEBRIEF
➢ Team members to report their dive information and sign the dive log as soon as
practicable
➢ Reminder to divers that they should keep a record of their dives
➢ Check the health of divers and record details of any issues or incidents, including
discussions of risk controls
➢ Review activity outcomes and check underwater data collection sheets to ensure
completeness
➢ Check that there are no further questions from volunteers about findings
➢ Post-dive reminders regarding including altitude, heavy work, exercise or
showering restrictions
➢ The Reef Watch dive officer will check that all Reef Watch survey equipment is
accounted for
➢ Thank relevant dive operator crew.
Engine checks and Regular servicing
1.Inboard and outboard
➢ fuel system
➢ propellers
➢ electrical systems.
2.Inboard engine
➢ oil
➢ fluid
➢ belt
➢ water cooling.
3.Outboard engine
➢ water cooling
➢ oil levels (four-stroke).
Make sure that you are familiar with your own engine and layout