Safety engineering is the process of designing workplaces and systems to reduce risks and hazards. It involves identifying potential dangers, implementing safety controls, and ensuring structures and equipment are designed to prevent accidents. The document discusses the need for safety engineering in project supervision to protect workers and assets. It outlines frameworks for safety studies including hazard identification and risk analysis methods. A case study is presented on the Titan submersible incident that killed 5 people due to a lack of safety regulation and certification. The take home emphasizes the importance of compliance, training, and engaging stakeholders to improve safety standards and practices in Nigeria.

1. SAFETY
ENGINEERING IN
PROJECT
SUPERVISION
B Y

2. INTRODUCTION
• Project by definition, have a beginning and end dates, be it oil and gas industry,
agriculture or infrastructural development as well as other industrial development
project across the country. All these projects in these sectors have direct and indirect
linkage with economic growth therefore it has become so important that Safety
Engineering is given it adequate attention its deserve in our society.
• No country grow without executing one project or another. Hence, the need for us
to discuss about the safety engineering in project supervision which entails how we
manage available resources to achieve project objective without compromising the
safety of individual at the project site as well as the asset. Many project failed
because adequate attention was not given to safety engineering at design phase

3. INTRODUCTION – WHAT IS SAFETY ENGINEERING?
• Safety engineering is the process of designing workplaces to reduce risks/hazards
or accidents. Engineering Safety concepts provides detailed approaches and
modes for accident reduction by using a risk management process to identify
and "design out" hazards.
• Accidents can and do happen in all human endeavours because it involves
activities. Workplaces and companies that make use of machinery, chemicals,
and other potentially hazardous elements, are always possible sites for incident
or accidents which may cause injury, or even death if a comprehensive
engineering safety approach is not properly taken place.
Therefore, safety engineering is about broad array of professionals working
together in accident prevention through an in-built engineering design as part of
control with both back-end planning and front-end implementation

4. HIERARCHY OF SAFETY CONTROLS
Safety engineering in project supervision is
about hierarchy of controls, which specifically
entails:
• Engineering controls by isolating people
from the hazards;
• Substitution by replace the hazards, and
• Elimination which is removal of the hazards
completely
These three (3) requires technical safety to be
able to achieve its primary objectives, more
attention will be on Engineering Controls
because is about isolating people from the
hazards and it be the catalysis or basis for
substitution and elimination

5. WHAT IS PROJECT SUPERVISION?
Project supervision is the activity of monitoring the project process at the
construction site, by ensuring that safety, quality and quantity comply with the
approved design, current technical standards as well as issues on project progress as
well as environmental concern. Why project supervision?
1. To ensure that the project is executed as per the specifications & planning.
2. To ensure that the contract is executed as per the contract drawings.
3. To ensure that there is safety on the project.
4.To supervise and direct labour on the activities to be executed.
5. To prepare work programs and cross check whether the project is on schedule
and advise management accordingly
6. To have the daily report and cross checking the key indicators

6. WHY THE NEED FOR SAFETY ENGINEERING?

7. WHY THE NEED FOR SAFETY ENGINEERING?
There have been over 5,000 marine oil spills from tanker, oil platform and
pipeline accidents over the past 50 years. The red star shows the location of the
Montara spill. The size of black dots reflects the total amount of oil spilt during
each incident. Coloured lines depict worldwide commercial shipping tracks says
Rob Condon of The Conversation, Australia
Gas explosion in Abule Ado, Lagos leaves at least 15 people dead
and around 50 buildings destroyed says Nigerian Emergency
Management Authority (MENA)

8. WHY THE NEED FOR SAFETY ENGINEERING?
Safety Engineering is needed in all human endeavours and should
be taken seriously whenever we are ask to be part of any project.
We must always ask for Safety philosophy of the project to
understand the thinking of the project owners.

9. PREVIOUS ACCIDENT & ITS CAUSES

10. TYPES OF SAFETY ENGINEERING IN PROJECTS
SAFETY ENGINEERING DEFINITION
Process Safety
Engineering
Process safety engineering deals with the identification and mitigation of hazards in industrial
processes, particularly those involving chemicals, petroleum, or other hazardous materials. It
involves assessing risks, implementing safety measures, and designing systems to prevent and
control incidents such as fires, explosions, toxic releases, or equipment failures
Structural Safety
Engineering
Structural safety engineering focuses on ensuring the safety and stability of structures, such as
buildings, bridges, dams, and offshore platforms. It involves analyzing the structural integrity,
assessing loads and stresses, evaluating materials, and implementing measures to ensure the
structures can withstand environmental forces and remain safe throughout their intended
lifespan.
System Safety
Engineering
System safety engineering involves the analysis and management of risks in complex systems,
including aerospace, transportation, and industrial systems. It encompasses identifying
potential hazards, evaluating safety-critical components, analyzing system interactions, and
implementing measures to prevent accidents, failures, or malfunctions.

11. TYPES OF SAFETY ENGINEERING IN PROJECTS
SAFETY ENGINEERING DEFINITION
Occupational Health and
Safety Engineering:
Occupational health and safety engineering focuses on the identification and control of
workplace hazards to protect workers' health and safety. It involves assessing workplace
conditions, implementing safety protocols, designing ergonomic work environments, and
promoting safe work practices to prevent accidents, injuries, and occupational illnesses. This
the most common safety engineering.
Software Safety
Engineering
Software safety engineering deals with the identification and mitigation of risks associated
with software systems. It involves analyzing software functionality, identifying potential failure
failure modes, and implementing measures to ensure software reliability, security, and safety.
This field is particularly relevant in safety-critical industries such as aviation, healthcare, and
automotive and by extension oil & gas
Environmental Safety
Engineering:
Environmental safety engineering focuses on managing and mitigating risks related to
environmental hazards. It involves assessing potential impacts on ecosystems, human health,
and the environment, and implementing measures to prevent or minimize pollution,
contamination, or other adverse effects on the environment
Fire Safety Engineering:
Fire safety engineering involves the design, analysis, and implementation of measures to
prevent, control, and mitigate the risks associated with fires. It includes assessing fire hazards,
designing fire protection systems, developing evacuation plans, and ensuring compliance with
fire safety codes and regulations.

12. FRAMEWORK OF SAFETY ENGINEERING STUDIES - PLANNING
SAFETY
ENGINEERING
DEFINITION OBJECTIVES
Design Safety Cases
The design safety case is a document
containing an analysis risks, as well as
information out of the design, operations,
technical documentation about the
minimum necessary measures to ensuring
ensuring safety that accompanies the
machine and (or) equipment at all stages
of the life cycle and supplement the
information about the results of the risk
assessment at the stage of operation after
after a major overhaul.
The design safety case include an introduction and sections at minimum:
1. The main parameters and specifications of machine and (or) equipment;
2. A common approach to safety at designing of machines and (or) equipment;
3. Requirements for the reliability of the machine and (or) equipment;
4. Requirements for personnel / user of the machine and (or) equipment;
5. The risk analysis from application (use) machines and (or) equipment;
6. Safety requirements at commissioning the machine and (or) equipment;
7. Requirements for safety management at the operation of the machine and
(or) equipment;
8. Requirements for quality management at the operation of machines and (or)
(or) equipment;
9. Requirements for the management of environmental protection at start-up,
operation and utilization of machines and (or) equipment;
10. Requirements for the collection and analysis of information on safety in the
the commissioning, operation and utilization of machines and (or) equipment;
11. Safety requirements at the disposal of the machine and (or) equipment.

13. FRAMEWORK OF SAFETY ENGINEERING STUDIES - PLANNING
TECHNICAL SAFETY DEFINITION OBJECTIVES
Hazard & Operability Study
(HAZOP)
Is a structured and systematic examination of a
complex plan or operation in order to identify
and evaluate problems that may
represent risks to personnel or equipment
The intention of performing a HAZOP is to review the design
to pick up design and engineering issues that may otherwise
otherwise not have been found. The technique is based on
breaking the overall complex design of the process into a
number of simpler sections called 'nodes' which are then
individually reviewed. It is carried out by a suitably
experienced multi-disciplinary team (HAZOP) during a series
series of meetings. The HAZOP technique is qualitative, and
aims to stimulate the imagination of participants to identify
potential hazards and operability problems
Safety and Operability Studies
(SAFOP)
Use a structured approach to assessing the
safety and operability of electrical power
systems to identify modifications to enhance
the safety of personnel who will operate and
maintain the equipment
Assess and minimise potential hazards to personnel in the
nearby of electrical installations.
Provide a safety review of both the network and the plant
design and pinpoint any issue related with safety and
operability of whole electrical system
Operational Safety Cases
Operational safety case is a written
demonstration of evidence and due diligence
provided by a corporation to demonstrate that
it has the ability to operate a facility safely and
can effectively control hazards.
Operational safety cases are somewhat similar to risk
assessments as both involve the evaluation of potential
hazards; however, a safety case must also include a positive
argument to justify the various choices that have been made
made to provide for the facility’s operational safety

14. FRAMEWORK OF SAFETY ENGINEERING STUDIES - PLANNING
TECHNICAL SAFETY DEFINITION OBJECTIVES
Hazard Identification (HAZID) HAZID is part of the process used to
evaluate if any particular situation, item,
thing, etc. may have the potential to cause
harm. The term often used to describe the
full process is risk assessment: Identify
hazards and risk factors that have the
potential to cause harm (hazard
identification) (OSHA)
• Conduct regular inspections of all operations, equipment, work areas
areas and facilities. Have workers participate on the inspection team
team and talk to them about hazards that they see or report.
• Document inspections to correct and prevent hazardous conditions
if possible take photos or video of problem areas to facilitate later
discussion and brainstorming about how to control them, and for
use as learning points.
• Areas and activities in these inspections includes storage and
warehousing, facility and equipment maintenance, purchasing and
office functions, and the activities of on-site contractors,
subcontractors, and temporary employees.
• Regularly inspect both plant vehicles (e.g., forklifts, powered
industrial trucks) and transportation vehicles (e.g., cars, trucks).
• Use checklists that highlight things to look for such as General
housekeeping; Slip, trip, and fall hazards; Electrical hazards; Work
practices; Workplace violence; Ergonomic problems; Lack of
emergency procedures
Safety Integrity Level (SIL)
Defined as the relative level of risk-
reduction provided by a safety function, or
to specify a target level of risk reduction. In
simple terms,
There are four discrete integrity levels associated with SIL: SIL 1, SIL 2, SIL
SIL 3, and SIL 4. The higher the SIL level, the higher the associated safety
safety level, and the lower probability that a system will fail to perform
properly

15. FRAMEWORK OF SAFETY ENGINEERING STUDIES - PLANNING
TECHNICAL SAFETY DEFINITION OBJECTIVES
Layer of Protection Analysis
(LOPA)
It used to provide a more detailed, semi-
quantitative assessment of the risks and layers
of protection associated with hazard scenarios.
The LOPA reveals the layers of protection available in case one of those
those possibilities becomes reality, identifying any weaknesses that
exist so they can be addressed. LOPA can be used at any point in the life
cycle of any given project or process, but it is most cost effective when
when implemented during front-end loading when process flow
diagrams are complete and the P&IDs are under development
Risk Management
is the process of identifying, assessing and
controlling financial, legal, strategic and
security risks to an organization's capital and
earnings. Risk management helps organization
to strike balance between taking risks and
reducing them
They include risk identification; risk measurement and assessment; risk
risk mitigation; risk reporting and monitoring; and risk governance.

16. FRAMEWORK OF SAFETY ENGINEERING STUDIES - IMPLEMENTATION
SN SAFETY ENGINEERING WORK Branch of Safety Engineering
1 Pre-Mobilisation exercise of both equipment and personnel Occupational health and safety
2 Certification of Lifting accessories and critical equipment within the projects Process and structure safety engineering
3 Pep talks, Tool box meetings, HSE Meetings All
4 Safety Initiatives that promotes and encourage personal and equipment All
5 Risk Base Assessment as per API 580 All
6 Fire Fighting equipment installation and monitoring Fire Safety Engineering
7 Installation of monitoring camera Software Engineering
8 Measurement and Testing of equipment to validate acceptable parameters All Engineering
9
Retainer Clinic / Hospital for personnel working on the project for medical emergency
emergency
Occupational health and safety
10 Fumigation and Waste Management Exercise Environmental Engineering
11 Cube and slump test for civil Structure Safety Engineering
12 Structured and informal Audit Inspection All

17. 2023 TITAN SUBMERSIBLE INCIDENT – CASE STUDY
• On 18 June 2023, Titan, a submersible operated by Ocean Gate,
an American tourism company owned by Stockton Rush and
Guillermo Sohnlein, imploded during its descent in the North
Atlantic Ocean, about 400 nautical miles (740 km) off the coast
of Newfoundland, Canada on it way to visit Titianic wreckage
with all five five people on board, all of them died instantly
• In a 2022 interview, Rush told CBS News, "At some point, safety
just is pure waste. I mean, if you just want to be safe, don't get
out of bed. Don't get in your car. Don't do anything."Rush said in
a 2021 interview, "I've broken some rules to make [Titan]. I think
I've broken them with logic and good engineering behind me. The
vessel did not pass through any safety regulation or
certifications, three of the passengers are billionaire plus
additional two passengers (Co-owner of the Oceangate) and
pilot, all perished.

18. TAKE HOME FOR NISafetyE IMO STATE BRANCH
• Safety engineering is extensive and a structured way of ensuring a product or services will be reliable and meets its
design life span
• We must always be deliberate about safety compliance, enforcement, and never to be tired or compromise
• We must engage the government at local, state and national including individuals on the importance of safety
• We must do more of both formal and informal training on safety engineering, safety practice in Nigeria is still as basic
level we need to move our standards
• The Imo State branch must continue to engage stakeholders on safety engineering in all projects within the state e.g
technicians, artisans and others
• We must commence the process of engaging the legislative arm of the government in putting laws in place that will
include safety engineering processes in all work locations within the state via ministry of works and housing as well as
environment
• If possible, safety on air program can be in place to discuss about safety in general
• Finally, the whole country is waiting for us to launch out, enough of our comfort zone, let safe our dear nation