The document discusses several theories of motivation proposed by different psychologists. It mentions Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs which classified needs from basic to complex. It also discusses Murray's achievement motive theory and Horner's fear of success motive. The document also briefly outlines theories proposed by psychoanalysts like Freud who believed in instincts as prime motivators and Adler's view of a desire for power and superiority. Other theories mentioned are phenomenal self theory proposed by Combs and Snygg and need theory stating how needs create tension and satisfaction. Finally, it summarizes Yerkes-Dodson law of arousal and expectancy value theory focusing on environmental incentives.

14. ,

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19. -which are the
-which are those needs that are

20. -
.

22. -was more interested in the effects
on incentives and on internal
cognitions about them.
-in his analysis of the achievement
need, found out that there is a need to
seek success and a need to avoid
failure.

23. -found that many women have a
“fear of success” motive. Effort and
ability are both internal factors but
people with a high achievement
motive attribute success to internal
factors while low achievement
people attribute success to external
factors and attribute failure to lack of
ability.

24. -believe in instinct which are called
native properties that dominate man
and animals. They are the prime
movers of human activities.
-the self-preservation instinct of an
individual is motivated by sexual instincts;
Alfred Alder, on the other hand, claims that
it is due more to a desire for power and
superpriority as a reaction to one’s feeling of
inferiority.

25. -advanced the theory that the
fundamental need of man is the
preservation and enhancement of his
phenomenal self.
-define phenomenal self to include
those aspect of the total situation in
which the individual perceives himself,
as a distinct being, separated but a part
of other aspects of the environment.

26. -the need theory states that
when a man’s needs is aroused, he is
under a state of tension but when it is
satisfied, his tension and anxieties are
relieved and satisfaction ensues.
-maintain that there is functional
autonomy of motives in the sense that
when motives are attained, they snowball
into more and more other motives.

27. -law of motivation states,
“The level of task performance
depends on the level of arousal or
performance.” This means that the
optimal level of arousal for
simpler task is relatively higher,
while the optimal level of arousal
for more complex tasks is
relatively lower

28. -the expectancy value theory
states, “Our actions result from a
conscious or unconscious
estimation of the probability of a
certain outcome, multiplied by the
strength of the value which is
placed on the outcome.” This theory
focuses more on the incentives
found in the environment.

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