ITU-T Study Group 5 Vice-Chairman Tariq H Alamri presented on ITU-T Study Group 5, which focuses on electromagnetic phenomena and climate change issues. SG5 addresses human exposure to electromagnetic fields from radio systems and mobile equipment. Key recommendations provide guidance on compliance with safety limits, measurement techniques, and numerical modeling to evaluate exposure levels. Future work includes developing additional guidance documents and recommendations on assessing and monitoring human exposure to radio frequencies.
According to WHO: Eelectromagnetic fields of all frequencies represent one of the most common and fastest growing environmental influences, about which anxiety and speculation are spreading. All populations are now exposed to varying degrees of EMF, and the levels will continue to increase as technology advances. A wide range of environmental influences causes biological effects. 'Biological effect' does not equal 'health hazard'. Special research is needed to identify and measure health hazards.
At low frequencies, external electric and magnetic fields induce small circulating currents within the body. In virtually all ordinary environments, the levels of induced currents inside the body are too small to produce obvious effects.
The main effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields is heating of body tissues.
Radio signal health a digital artefact for erick njuriErick Njuri
This digital artifact is targeting persons who may be interested in knowing more about the status of radio signal health in Kenya. The document only gives a guideline as to what the country has done and also gives guidance on the recommended sources of information. More detailed information can be found in the WHO and ITU websites provided in the presentation.
EWER: “ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE EXPOSURE REDUCTION” SERVICE FOR SENSITIVE USERS W...IJCNCJournal
Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology and the ever-increasing demand in every field, wireless sensor networks are emerging as a necessary scientific achievement to meet the demand of human in modern society. The wireless sensor network (WSN) is designed to help us not lose too much energy, workforce, avoid danger and they bring high efficiency to work. Various routing protocols are being used to increase the energy efficiency of the network, with two distinct types of protocols, homogenous and heterogeneous. In these two protocols, the SEP (Stable Election Protocol) is one of the most effective heterogeneous protocols which increase the stability of the network. In this paper, we propose an approaching the εFCM algorithm in clustering the SEP protocol which makes the WSN network more energy efficient. The simulation results showed that the SEP-εFCM proposed protocol performed better than the conventional SEP protocol
According to WHO: Eelectromagnetic fields of all frequencies represent one of the most common and fastest growing environmental influences, about which anxiety and speculation are spreading. All populations are now exposed to varying degrees of EMF, and the levels will continue to increase as technology advances. A wide range of environmental influences causes biological effects. 'Biological effect' does not equal 'health hazard'. Special research is needed to identify and measure health hazards.
At low frequencies, external electric and magnetic fields induce small circulating currents within the body. In virtually all ordinary environments, the levels of induced currents inside the body are too small to produce obvious effects.
The main effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields is heating of body tissues.
Radio signal health a digital artefact for erick njuriErick Njuri
This digital artifact is targeting persons who may be interested in knowing more about the status of radio signal health in Kenya. The document only gives a guideline as to what the country has done and also gives guidance on the recommended sources of information. More detailed information can be found in the WHO and ITU websites provided in the presentation.
EWER: “ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE EXPOSURE REDUCTION” SERVICE FOR SENSITIVE USERS W...IJCNCJournal
Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology and the ever-increasing demand in every field, wireless sensor networks are emerging as a necessary scientific achievement to meet the demand of human in modern society. The wireless sensor network (WSN) is designed to help us not lose too much energy, workforce, avoid danger and they bring high efficiency to work. Various routing protocols are being used to increase the energy efficiency of the network, with two distinct types of protocols, homogenous and heterogeneous. In these two protocols, the SEP (Stable Election Protocol) is one of the most effective heterogeneous protocols which increase the stability of the network. In this paper, we propose an approaching the εFCM algorithm in clustering the SEP protocol which makes the WSN network more energy efficient. The simulation results showed that the SEP-εFCM proposed protocol performed better than the conventional SEP protocol
Cognitive Radio: An Emerging trend for better Spectrum UtilizationEditor IJCATR
Due to the rapid development of wireless communications in recent years, the demand on wireless spectrum has been growing dramatically, resulting in the spectrum scarcity problem. Works have shown that the fixed spectrum allocation policy commonly adopted today suffer from the low spectrum utilization problem. Both academic and regulatory bodies have focused on dynamic spectrum access to fully utilize the scarce spectrum resource. Cognitive radio, with the capability to flexibly adapt its parameters, has been proposed as the enabling technology for unlicensed secondary users to dynamically access the licensed spectrum owned by legacy primary users on a negotiated or an opportunistic basis. In this paper we present a volumetric survey on various methods used to adapt changes used in cognitive radio.
Experimental Analysis of Cable Distance Effect on Signal Attenuation in Singl...IJECEIAES
Losses during transmission and high demand of high data rate by the end users have become the biggest challenges facing the telecommunication industries worldwide with Nigeria inclusive. Fiber optic cable as a channel of communication has been adapted worldwide in solving these problems but there is a little limitation in the place of multimode fiber in long distance communication. This paper focuses on the effect of changes in distance on transmitted bandwidth on single mode and multimode fiber. Two cases were considered during this research; (a) with optical amplifier placed in between multimode fiber and (b) without optical amplifier in between multimode fiber. Readings were taken at various distances when specific bandwidth ranging from 50Mbps to 500Mbps was transmitted from the base station to the various distances and it was observed that there was no significant changes in bandwidth received at specified distances (100, 200, 300, 400, 500 etc) m when using single mode fiber, there was a drastic reduction in bandwidth when it get to a distance of 300m when using multimode. When optical amplifier was placed in between the multimode fiber at some selected distances after 400m from the transmitting BTS, it was noticed that the drastic reduction in transmitted bandwidth was almost eliminated, thereby proven that multimode fiber can be use in long distance communication provided optical amplifiers are incorporated in between the distance to bust the signal strength.
Key ideas concerning neutral spectrum licensing are outlined based on the paper “Technology Neutrality: Interaction between International Mobile Telecommunication and National Spectrum Management Policies,” by M. El-Moghazi, J. Whalley, and J. Irvine, originally published in the Proceedings of the 26th European Regional Conference of the International Telecommunications Society (ITS), http://hdl.handle.net/10419/127135, Madrid, Spain, June 2015
Investigation of TV White Space for Maximum Spectrum Utilization in a Cellula...Onyebuchi nosiri
Abstract— The shortage of spectrum resource availability in wireless communication network due to the rapid increase in the number of subscribers and multimedia applications has given rise to the need for effective spectrum utilization of the licensed spectrum. Cognitive Radio Technology (CRT) was adopted for the system analysis due to its dynamism in accommodating both licensed and unlicensed users within a particular spectrum band. The study framework comprised television station channels in Owerri and its environs and Mobile Telecommunication Networks (MTN) in Owerri- the capital of Imo State, Nigeria as the license and unlicensed users respectively. An outdoor twenty-four hour spectrum occupancy measurement was carried out in the frequency bands of the licensed networks using 240-960 MHz Radio Frequency Spectrum analyzer to determine the spectral usage of the licensed user. A threshold of -95 dB was used to determine the presence of the licensed users. From the results obtained, it was observed that 60.7% of the spectrum band covered was unoccupied, 31.5% was not fully occupied while 7.9% was fully occupied. Energy Detection spectrum approach was implemented by the unlicensed users for easy determination of the spectrum status and resource management. The research therefore determines the status of Radio Frequency (RF) Spectrum receivable in Owerri and its environs and proffer measures deployable in harnessing the unused RF resources using CRT.
Lectures by Prof.Dr Arshad Abbas Khan an overview of wireless technologiesProfArshadAbbas
Professor Dr Arshad Abbas Khan was born in December 1967
He has received his MS and PhD Degrees from University of Electro-Communication Tokyo Japan in the years 1994 and 2003.He has received Post-Doc from Georgia Institute of Technology USA in 2006.He has a number of publications in world repute Research Journals.He has world wide faculty linkage with a number professors and universities with his Linked In Network.
Is Europe ready for cognitive technologies? [Andrew Stirling] Keith
Andrew Stirling presents his insights from cognitive technologies in terms of the larger European context. This presentation also covers recent and ongoing trials in the U.S and Scotland.
Cognitive Radio: An Emerging trend for better Spectrum UtilizationEditor IJCATR
Due to the rapid development of wireless communications in recent years, the demand on wireless spectrum has been growing dramatically, resulting in the spectrum scarcity problem. Works have shown that the fixed spectrum allocation policy commonly adopted today suffer from the low spectrum utilization problem. Both academic and regulatory bodies have focused on dynamic spectrum access to fully utilize the scarce spectrum resource. Cognitive radio, with the capability to flexibly adapt its parameters, has been proposed as the enabling technology for unlicensed secondary users to dynamically access the licensed spectrum owned by legacy primary users on a negotiated or an opportunistic basis. In this paper we present a volumetric survey on various methods used to adapt changes used in cognitive radio.
Experimental Analysis of Cable Distance Effect on Signal Attenuation in Singl...IJECEIAES
Losses during transmission and high demand of high data rate by the end users have become the biggest challenges facing the telecommunication industries worldwide with Nigeria inclusive. Fiber optic cable as a channel of communication has been adapted worldwide in solving these problems but there is a little limitation in the place of multimode fiber in long distance communication. This paper focuses on the effect of changes in distance on transmitted bandwidth on single mode and multimode fiber. Two cases were considered during this research; (a) with optical amplifier placed in between multimode fiber and (b) without optical amplifier in between multimode fiber. Readings were taken at various distances when specific bandwidth ranging from 50Mbps to 500Mbps was transmitted from the base station to the various distances and it was observed that there was no significant changes in bandwidth received at specified distances (100, 200, 300, 400, 500 etc) m when using single mode fiber, there was a drastic reduction in bandwidth when it get to a distance of 300m when using multimode. When optical amplifier was placed in between the multimode fiber at some selected distances after 400m from the transmitting BTS, it was noticed that the drastic reduction in transmitted bandwidth was almost eliminated, thereby proven that multimode fiber can be use in long distance communication provided optical amplifiers are incorporated in between the distance to bust the signal strength.
Key ideas concerning neutral spectrum licensing are outlined based on the paper “Technology Neutrality: Interaction between International Mobile Telecommunication and National Spectrum Management Policies,” by M. El-Moghazi, J. Whalley, and J. Irvine, originally published in the Proceedings of the 26th European Regional Conference of the International Telecommunications Society (ITS), http://hdl.handle.net/10419/127135, Madrid, Spain, June 2015
Investigation of TV White Space for Maximum Spectrum Utilization in a Cellula...Onyebuchi nosiri
Abstract— The shortage of spectrum resource availability in wireless communication network due to the rapid increase in the number of subscribers and multimedia applications has given rise to the need for effective spectrum utilization of the licensed spectrum. Cognitive Radio Technology (CRT) was adopted for the system analysis due to its dynamism in accommodating both licensed and unlicensed users within a particular spectrum band. The study framework comprised television station channels in Owerri and its environs and Mobile Telecommunication Networks (MTN) in Owerri- the capital of Imo State, Nigeria as the license and unlicensed users respectively. An outdoor twenty-four hour spectrum occupancy measurement was carried out in the frequency bands of the licensed networks using 240-960 MHz Radio Frequency Spectrum analyzer to determine the spectral usage of the licensed user. A threshold of -95 dB was used to determine the presence of the licensed users. From the results obtained, it was observed that 60.7% of the spectrum band covered was unoccupied, 31.5% was not fully occupied while 7.9% was fully occupied. Energy Detection spectrum approach was implemented by the unlicensed users for easy determination of the spectrum status and resource management. The research therefore determines the status of Radio Frequency (RF) Spectrum receivable in Owerri and its environs and proffer measures deployable in harnessing the unused RF resources using CRT.
Lectures by Prof.Dr Arshad Abbas Khan an overview of wireless technologiesProfArshadAbbas
Professor Dr Arshad Abbas Khan was born in December 1967
He has received his MS and PhD Degrees from University of Electro-Communication Tokyo Japan in the years 1994 and 2003.He has received Post-Doc from Georgia Institute of Technology USA in 2006.He has a number of publications in world repute Research Journals.He has world wide faculty linkage with a number professors and universities with his Linked In Network.
Is Europe ready for cognitive technologies? [Andrew Stirling] Keith
Andrew Stirling presents his insights from cognitive technologies in terms of the larger European context. This presentation also covers recent and ongoing trials in the U.S and Scotland.
This powerpoint is about health inspection, first we defined health according to the World Health Organization, then we wrote about concepts and dimensions of health. Later defined the concept of health inspection, role and duties of inspector and types of inspection. Finally it includes the principles of food safety and workplace inspections.
Achievements and future works of ITU-T Study Group 5 on Environment and Climate Change
Presented at WTSA-16 by Mr Ahmed Zeddam, Chairman of ITU-T Study Group 5
Brief about ICNIRP
Ionizing and Non-Ionizing radiations
ICNIRP guidelines for HF waves -1998
ICNIRP guidelines adopted by India
Role of WHO
Role of DoT, Inter-ministerial Committee
Instructions to State Governments
Conclusion
A Model for Monitoring GSM Base Station Radiation Safety in NigeriaIJERA Editor
A guideline for measuring the radio frequency (RF) emissions from the base transceiver stations deployed by Global System Mobile Communications operators in Nigeria is proposed. The guide includes the procedures for measuring the emitted RF power and for determining whether or not the emission exceeds the maximum permissible limits in Nigeria airspace.
UK Spectrum Policy Forum - Report on future use of licence exempt radio spectrumtechUK
UK Spectrum Policy Forum - Report on future use of licence exempt radio spectrum
This report presents the findings of a study commissioned from Plum Consulting for the UK Spectrum Policy Forum to assess the current and future use of frequency bands which may be used by licence exempt wireless applications in the UK and Europe. Its main purpose was to identify any actions that may need to be taken to maintain the economic value of licence exempt bands and to ensure equitable co-existence between new and existing licence exempt technologies and applications.
More information is available at: http://www.techuk.org/about/uk-spectrum-policy-forum
All rights reserved
Discovering the spatial locations of the radio frequency radiations effects a...IJECEIAES
Nowadays, smart devices have become a major part of human life, and this need has led to an increase in the demand for these devices, prompting major telecommunications companies to compete with each other to acquire the bulk of this market. This competition led to a significant increase in the number of mobile towers, to expand the coverage area. Each communication tower has transmitters and receivers to connect subscribers within the mobile network and other networks. The receivers and transmitters of each mobile tower operate on radio frequency waves. These waves can cause harm to humans if the body tissues absorb the radiation resulting from these waves. Headache, discomfort, and some other diseases are among the effects resulting from the spatial proximity to the mobile towers. In this paper, a model based on geographic information systems (GIS) software is proposed for the purpose of discovering the area of exposure to radio frequency radiation. This model can assists mitigate the opportunities of exposure to these radiations, thus reducing its danger. Real data of the levels of electromagnetic pollution resulting from mobile towers were analyzed during this study and compared with international safety standards.
Webinar: The Radio Equipment Directive and European StandardstechUK
Slides from Webinar "The Radio Equipment Directive and European Standards –Time running out to comply" held on 22nd April by techUK Future Technologies Network, Communications Policy Council and ETSI
Upoznajte prvo i jedino udruženje u Srbiji koje se poslednje 4 godine aktivno bavi poručavanjem uticaja nejonizujućeg zračenja na zdravlje ljudi i životnu sredinu. sarađujemo sa WHO, IRPA, ICNIRP, ITU, EBEA, BfS INIS, BION i drugim svetskim organizacijama i institucijama koje su lideri u ovoj oblasti .
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
FIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: Passkeys and the Road Ahead.pdf
Tariq Alamri ITU-T SG5 GRUPA i ELKTROMAGNETSKA POLJA - ZRAČENJA
1. Tariq H Alamri
ITU-T Study Group 5 Vice-Chairman
Communications and Information Technology
Commission (CITC), Saudi Arabia
8th ITU Symposium on ICTs, the Environment and
Climate Change
Turin, Italy, 9 May 2013
2. Agenda
ITU Overview
ITU-T/SG5
Mandate and Objectives
Strategy
Structure
Resolution 72 of ITU-T
SG5 Q7/5 : Human exposure to electromagnetic fields
(EMFs) due to radio systems and mobile equipment
Key EMF Recommendations
Future EMF Publications and Recommendations
Conclusion
2
5. UN bodies
e.g. WHO, WMO
Regional/National
SDO’s
e.g. ETSI, IEC
Regional Frequency
Management
e.g. CEPT
Industry fora
e.g. WiMAX
193 Member States
(Governments and regulatory bodies)
700 Private Sector
(Sector Members and Associates)
49 Academia
Unique public/ Private partnership
UN agency for ICTs
5
6. ITU-R
manages radio spectrum
and satellite orbits
ITU-D
assists developing
countries
ITU’s mission
committed to connecting the world
6
ITU-T
develops ICT
and telecom-
munication
standards
SGs: Network functionality,
NGN, tariffs, Environment &
Climate change
General
Secretariat
coordinates
work of ITU
7. Mandate of Study Group 5 on EMF
General Areas of Study
Study Group 5 is responsible for :
Studying ICT environmental aspects of
electromagnetic phenomena and climate change.
Studies related to safety and to health effects
connected with electromagnetic fields produced by
telecommunication installations and devices,
including cellular phones.
Lead Study Groups in Specific Areas of Study
Lead study group on electromagnetic effects.
7
Resolution 2 (WTSA-12, Dubai, 20-29 November 2012)
8. Objective
8
Study environmental issues to define PROTECTIVE
MEASURES, INSTALLATION TECHNIQUES &
METHODOLOGIES by means :
Recommendations: K & L-series
Directives
Handbooks
Lightning Handbook, Earthing Handbook
Measuring Handbook, Mitigation Handbook
Handbooks on ICT & Climate change
Recommendations for limiting the RISK of :
Damages to telecommunication installation and equipment
Disturbances to and from telecommunication systems
Injury to people: Safety & Human exposure to EMF
produced by telecommunication installations (Q7/5)
9. Strategy of Study Group 5
The new strategy for ITU-T SG5 is
based on five pillars:
1. Improvement of the quality of ITU-T
SG5 deliverables (Recommendations,
Handbooks, Supplements, etc);
2.Establishment of a think tank to
identify new work items that could be
developed within SG5;
3.Promotion of the work of ITU-T SG5;
4.Recruitment of new sector members and
academia that can contribute to the work
of SG5;
5.Mentoring of new comers.
9
10. Structure of ITU-T SG5
10
ITU-T SG5
Environment and
Climate Change
WP1/5
Damage prevention and
safety
WP2/5
Electromagnetic fields:
emission, immunity and
human exposure
WP3/5
ICT and climate change
Q.12/5
Guides and
terminology
Regional Groups
AFR, ARB, LAC and AP
7 Questions6 Questions5 Questions
Question 7/5
Human exposure to EMFs
11. Standards for
evaluation and
measurement of
exposure levels
Best practices,
Implementation
and guidance on
telecommunication
installations
Assignment of the
exposure limits
considered as safe
for people
Main tasks & Responsibility on EMF
IEC, CENELEC,
COST 281,
National
standardizatio
n committees
ITU-T
Study Group 5
WHO,
ICNIRP,
National
medical
authorities
11
12. Recognizes that Study Group 5, in establishing measurement
methodologies for assessing human exposure to RF energy,
already cooperates with many participating standards
organizations (PSOs).
Resolves to invite ITU-T, in particular SG5, to expand and
continue its work and support in this domain, including but not
limited to:
i) Disseminating information related to this topic through organizing
workshops and seminars;
ii) Continuing to cooperate and collaborate with other organizations
working on this topic and to leverage their work, in particular with a
view to assisting the developing countries in the establishment of
standards and in monitoring compliance with these standards;
iii) Cooperating on these issues with ITU-R SG1 and SG6, and with SG1
of the ITU-D in the framework of Q 23/1;
iv) Strengthening coordination with WHO.
ITU-T Resolution 72 on Measurement concerns related
to human exposure to electromagnetic fields
Revised and consented at World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (Dubai, 2012)
12
13. Question 7/5
"Human exposure to electromagnetic
fields (EMFs) due to radio systems and
mobile equipment"
Rapporteur: Fryderyk Lewicki (Orange, Poland)
Associate Rapporteur: Tariq Alamri (CITC, Saudi Arabia)
Associate Rapporteur: Mike Wood (Telstra, Australia)
Associate Rapporteur: Jafar Keshvari (Nokia, Finland)
13
14. Question 7/5 (Cont’d)
Goals
To provide a high level framework for :
Managing the human exposure to EMFs (regulatory practices).
Guidelines for the assessment of human exposure based on existing
ITU-T Recommendations and standards produced by other
standards development organizations (SDOs).
14
Ways
Measuring techniques
Procedures
Numerical modeling
for evaluating the electromagnetic field due to telecommunication systems and
radio terminals.
15. Question 7/5 (Cont’d)
Main Study Area:
Real site measurements and modeling of the multiple
sources operating on different frequencies and
transmitting antennas;
Determine the validity of electromagnetic field
predictions;
Procedures and guidance on numerical modeling of
EMFs in the areas around telecommunication
transmitting antennas and various systems;
Guidance based on existing SAR measuring and
calculating procedures, techniques and protocols for
evaluating EMF due to ICT equipment;
Handbook to answer frequently questions about
human exposure to EMF.
15
16. Question 7/5 (Cont’d)
Main Tasks
Develop Recommendations for the
telecommunication sector;
Work on activities specified in
Resolutions;
Collaboration with other
standardization bodies (IEC,
CENELEC, WHO) in order to avoid
duplication of work;
Maintenance and enhancement of
the existing Recommendations.
16
17. Key EMF Recommendations
Aim to help with compliance with safety limits
for human exposure to EMFs.
Guidance on calculation method, and
installation assessment procedure.
Based on safety limits provided by ICNIRP
Determine the likelihood of installation
compliance based on accessibility criteria,
antenna properties and emitter power.
Recommend IEC Standard for the compliance
measurement of mobile handsets.
Recommendation ITU-T K. 52 “Guidance on complying with
limits for human exposure to electromagnetic fields”
17
18. Key EMF Recommendations (Cont’d)
Help telecommunication operators to verify compliance with
exposure standards promulgated by local or national authorities.
Guidance on measurement methods that can be used to achieve a
compliance assessment.
Provide guidance on the selection of numerical methods suitable
for exposure prediction in various situations.
Recommendation ITU-T K.61 “Guidance on measurement and
numerical prediction of electromagnetic fields for compliance with
human exposure limits for telecommunication installations”
K.61_F02
Antenna Reflecting wall
Reflecting surface
direct
reflection
no reflection
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19. Key EMF Recommendations (Cont’d)
Support telecommunication operators in
demonstrating the compliance of the radiated
emissions generated by telecommunication systems.
Telecommunication operators typically construct their
systems from many items of equipment that are each
engineered to individually meet radiated emissions
requirements.
Presents a method that allows the radiated emissions
to be assessed without performing practical
measurement.
Suite to the analysis of systems that are physically very
large, for which practical testing is both prohibitively
expensive and practically difficult to perform.
Recommendation ITU-T K.62 “System level radiated emissions
compliance using mathematical modelling”
19
20. Key EMF Recommendations (Cont’d)
Defines techniques which may be used by
telecommunication operators to evaluate the
cumulative (total) exposure ratio in the vicinity
of transmitting antennas and to identify the
main source of radiation.
Guidance on mitigation methods which allow
reduction of radiation level.
Provides guidance on procedures necessary in
the environment (on site) in which, in most
cases, there is a simultaneous exposure to
multiple frequencies from many different
sources.
Software provided that implements
methodology: EMF- estimator
Recommendation ITU-T K.70 “Mitigation techniques to limit
human exposure to EMFs in the vicinity of radiocommunication
stations”
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21. Key EMF Recommendations (Cont’d)
Guidance to make long-term
measurements for the
monitoring of electromagnetic
fields (EMF) in the selected
areas that are under public
concern.
Provide the general public clear
and easily available data
concerning electromagnetic
field levels in the form of
results of continuous
measurement.
Recommendation ITU-T K.83 “Monitoring of
electromagnetic field levels”
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22. Key EMF Recommendations (Cont’d)
Provide evaluation techniques and
guidelines for compliance with safety
limits for human exposure to EMFs of
telecommunication network
personnel (e.g., outside plant craft) at
power frequencies (DC, 50 Hz and 60
Hz).
Provide techniques and procedures for
determining the need for any
precautions at the work site.
Includes an electronic attachment
containing the EMFACDC program.
Recommendation ITU-T K.90 “Evaluation techniques and working
procedures for compliance with exposure limits of network
operator personnel to power-frequency electromagnetic fields”
22
23. Key EMF Recommendations (Cont’d)
Guidance on how to assess and monitor human exposure to
radio frequency EMF in the areas with surrounding
radiocommunication installations based on existing exposure
and compliance standards in the frequency range of 9 kHz to
300 GHz.
Examine the area accessible to people in the real environment
of currently operated services with many different sources of
RF EMF.
Give references to standards and recommendations related to
EMF compliance of products.
Include information concerning fixed amateur stations and
information on comparison measurement/calculations and
uncertainty evaluation.
A software is provided in order to help in the calculation of
the uncertainty.
Recommendation ITU-T K.91 “Guidance for assessment,
evaluation and monitoring of human exposure to radio frequency
electromagnetic fields”
23
24. Future EMF Publications and Recommendations
A new EMF handbook or web-based ‘technical
information paper’ including the option of an EMF
information application is being developed.
EMF Handbook
Brochure
ITU-T activities on human exposure to EMFs due to
radio systems and mobile equipment.
Recommendation ITU-T K.mpis
Measurement of human exposure levels when a
wireless installation is put into service”
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25. Conclusion
ITU-T Study Group 5 Recommendations can be
used to assess EMF exposure, to identify potentially
hazardous situations and to comply with exposure
limits.
ITU-T Study Group 5 takes part in standardization
by preparing Recommendations, which give
appropriate guidance for administrations and
telecommunication operators and implement
Resolution 72 (WTSA-12, Dubai).
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ITU activity is complementary to the works carried out in other international
standardization bodies involved in this subject - there is no duplication of
work.
All the Study Group 5 activities are reported in ITU web site:
http://www.itu.int/ITU-/studygroups/com05/index.asp
All Recommendations are available in electronic (PDF) form free of charge.
28. Additional Information
ITU
http://www.itu.int
ITU-T/SG5 “Environment & Climate Change”
http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com05/index.asp
ITU-T, the Environment and Climate Change
http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/climatechange
ITU Symposia & Events on EMF
http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/climatechange/emf-1305/Pages/default.aspx
ITU Events
http://www.itu.int/en/events
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