The Italian regulatory framework for electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure dates back to 1998 and takes a more precautionary approach than the ICNIRP Guidelines or European Recommendation by setting exposure limits well below their thresholds. This has led to significant gaps between theoretical exposure levels used for authorization of wireless networks and actual measured levels, constraints on network deployment, and limited space for new technologies on existing infrastructure. A working group was formed to assess alternative regulatory approaches through impact assessments of potential changes, but application of any revised rules will be a long process due to additional guidelines and standards required.
Brief about ICNIRP
Ionizing and Non-Ionizing radiations
ICNIRP guidelines for HF waves -1998
ICNIRP guidelines adopted by India
Role of WHO
Role of DoT, Inter-ministerial Committee
Instructions to State Governments
Conclusion
The deck highlights the concerns of people related to cell-towers in India today. The presentation directs people to authentic bodies like DoT which takes care of regulation & other radiation related public concerns. It acts as a guide to all the radiation related issues in India.
According to WHO: Eelectromagnetic fields of all frequencies represent one of the most common and fastest growing environmental influences, about which anxiety and speculation are spreading. All populations are now exposed to varying degrees of EMF, and the levels will continue to increase as technology advances. A wide range of environmental influences causes biological effects. 'Biological effect' does not equal 'health hazard'. Special research is needed to identify and measure health hazards.
At low frequencies, external electric and magnetic fields induce small circulating currents within the body. In virtually all ordinary environments, the levels of induced currents inside the body are too small to produce obvious effects.
The main effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields is heating of body tissues.
Radio signal health a digital artefact for erick njuriErick Njuri
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Brief about ICNIRP
Ionizing and Non-Ionizing radiations
ICNIRP guidelines for HF waves -1998
ICNIRP guidelines adopted by India
Role of WHO
Role of DoT, Inter-ministerial Committee
Instructions to State Governments
Conclusion
The deck highlights the concerns of people related to cell-towers in India today. The presentation directs people to authentic bodies like DoT which takes care of regulation & other radiation related public concerns. It acts as a guide to all the radiation related issues in India.
According to WHO: Eelectromagnetic fields of all frequencies represent one of the most common and fastest growing environmental influences, about which anxiety and speculation are spreading. All populations are now exposed to varying degrees of EMF, and the levels will continue to increase as technology advances. A wide range of environmental influences causes biological effects. 'Biological effect' does not equal 'health hazard'. Special research is needed to identify and measure health hazards.
At low frequencies, external electric and magnetic fields induce small circulating currents within the body. In virtually all ordinary environments, the levels of induced currents inside the body are too small to produce obvious effects.
The main effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields is heating of body tissues.
Radio signal health a digital artefact for erick njuriErick Njuri
This digital artifact is targeting persons who may be interested in knowing more about the status of radio signal health in Kenya. The document only gives a guideline as to what the country has done and also gives guidance on the recommended sources of information. More detailed information can be found in the WHO and ITU websites provided in the presentation.
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EWER: “ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE EXPOSURE REDUCTION” SERVICE FOR SENSITIVE USERS W...IJCNCJournal
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Mobile Communications: Addressing Electromagnetic Field Concerns and Environm...jrowley_ie
Mobile Communications: Addressing Electromagnetic Field Concerns and Environmental Sustainability presented at IIT Delhi Department of Management Studies, 9 January 2014
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1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
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Defect reporting
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Mario Frullone UTICAJ JAVNIH POLITIKA NA POVEĆANU IZLOŽENOST ELKTROMAGNETSKOG ZRAČENJA BEŽIČNIH SISTEMA
1. ITU Workshop on Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs)
Turin, Italy - 9 May 2013
Mario Frullone
Deputy CEO
The impact of
public policies on EMF exposure
and wireless broadband growth
2. ITU Workshop on Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Field (EMFs)
Turin, Italy, 9 May 2013
The Italian regulatory framework dates back to 1998, before the issuing of
ICNIRP Guidelines and European Recommendation 1999/519/EC.
Regulators privileged a cautious approach to give response to the
emerging public concern, rather than endorsing evidence-based
protection policies.
Subsequent regulatory evolution in 2001 and 2003 confirmed the original
framework and reaffirmed the role of political choices over scientific
guidelines.
The impact of policies considered to be precautionary
3. ITU Workshop on Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Field (EMFs)
Turin, Italy, 9 May 2013
The Italian law is based on 3 different protection levels, expressed in terms of
radiometric quantities (e.g. Electric field) averaged over 6 minutes intervals:
Exposure levels, aimed at ensuring protection against acute health effects
Attention thresholds for the protection against possible long-term effects
Quality targets, which realises in fact the prudent avoidance approach
Fundamental of the Italian Regulation
All the 3 different
protection levels
set limits well below
ICNIRP thresholds
MHz
4. ITU Workshop on Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Field (EMFs)
Turin, Italy, 9 May 2013
Authorisation and control
As for exposure assessment due to SRBs the law foresees
two separate steps
AUTHORISATION
BEFORE THE SRB DEPLOYMENT
As common offices, Agencies adopt
cautious assumptions for theoretical
simulation in the authorisation
process (e.g. maximum emitted
power, free space conditions, etc.)
AUTHORISATION
BEFORE THE SRB DEPLOYMENT
As common offices, Agencies adopt
cautious assumptions for theoretical
simulation in the authorisation
process (e.g. maximum emitted
power, free space conditions, etc.)
CONTROL
AFTER THE SRB DEPLOYMENT
On-field controls are realised
through measurement campaigns;
measurements are actually
performed for a subset of SRBs
CONTROL
AFTER THE SRB DEPLOYMENT
On-field controls are realised
through measurement campaigns;
measurements are actually
performed for a subset of SRBs
5. ITU Workshop on Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Field (EMFs)
Turin, Italy, 9 May 2013
Practical fall-out of the Italian approach
The application of the Italian law affects the EMF exposure and wireless
broadband scenario in a number of ways, among which:
Significant local differences between theoretical and actual exposure
levels, due to the cautious assumption adopted in the authorisation
process.
Exposure levels over the landscape much lower than imposed thresholds
Additional constraints on networks layout and sub-optimal network plan
(mobile terminals not working with the lowest possible power emission)
6. ITU Workshop on Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Field (EMFs)
Turin, Italy, 9 May 2013
Fall-out: Authorisation vs control
Analysis on the front building:
observation point B – high floor balcony
On spot
measurements
Monitoring
7. ITU Workshop on Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Field (EMFs)
Turin, Italy, 9 May 2013
Fall-out: simulation vs measurements
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
V/m
Quality target (V/m) Free space evaluation (V/m)
On spot measurement (V/m) Monitoring (V/m)
Ray tracing simulation (V/m)
17/11/2008 4/12/2008 Observation point B
Gap between
simulation
(authorisation)
and measurements
(control)
8. ITU Workshop on Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Field (EMFs)
Turin, Italy, 9 May 2013
Fall-out: exposure over time
Common procedures adopted for authorisation reflects in EMF exposure
levels significantly lower than imposed thresholds, which remain stable
over years.
86
9
5
Source: ARPA 2010
<3 V/m
3-6 V/m
6-20 V/m
>20 V/m
82
14
4
Source: FUB 2006
<3 V/m
3-6 V/m
6-20 V/m
>20 V/m
EMF exposure levels in Piedmont have been considered for comparison between results from the Italian
national monitoring network (dismissed as a whole in 2006) and from ARPA monitoring activities.
In Piedmont more than 80% of samples are below 3 V/m.
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE?
9. ITU Workshop on Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Field (EMFs)
Turin, Italy, 9 May 2013
Is there ‘electromagnetic room’ for new technologies
on the existing SRB?
Strict assumptions for authorisation pose additional undue and
unnecessary constraints on wireless broadband network deployment.
As an example, 20% of current sites in Bologna cannot support the
installation of any further technology (from data supplied by ARPA).
Similar claims come from MNOs:
Turin Florence and Bologna
Compliant sites
Non compliant sites
Compliant sites with
no space for further
installation
Current Additional
Dual Carrier
Additional
Dual Carrier + LTE
Source Telecom Italia
10. ITU Workshop on Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Field (EMFs)
Turin, Italy, 9 May 2013
The need for evolution in regulation
The evolution of regulation represents an ambitious challenge in a
public concern-limited scenario.
Difficult fulfilment of different requirements:
Public health safeguard
Feasible application of procedures foreseen by the law
Wireless broadband growth
A Working Group composed of several Ministries (Economic Development,
Environment and Health) and technical bodies (FUB, ISPRA/ARPA) was set
up to suggest possible alternative solutions to the Regulator.
The WG adopted the Impact Assessment methodology.
11. ITU Workshop on Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Field (EMFs)
Turin, Italy, 9 May 2013
Impact assessment
“NO CHANGE” scenario taken as reference for comparison with possible
regulatory evolution
Evaluation criteria for comparison and assessment of possible pros&cons:
Impact on health and environment
Potential effect on public concern
Feasible application of procedures for authorisation and control
Alternative scenarios:
1. Exposure assessment referred to 24-hour instead of 6-minute intervals
2. Exposure assessment referred to 4-hour instead of 6-minute intervals
Adoption of ICNIRP/EU limits was considered as an unviable alternative.
12. ITU Workshop on Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Field (EMFs)
Turin, Italy, 9 May 2013
Impact assessment outcome: pros&cons
NO CHANGE 24-hour intervals 4-hour intervals
Need for amendment of
regulation in force
NO YES YES
Additional burden
on Environment Agencies
for authorisation and control
NO YES YES
SRB co-siting opportunities
for new technologies LOW HIGH MEDIUM
Risk of
possible raise
in public
concern
wrt raise of
exposure
thresholds
ABSENT HIGH MEDIUM
wrt number of
new masts MEDIUM LOW MEDIUM
New guidelines for the
application of
regulatory provisions
YES YES YES
Need for specific
measurement equipment NO YES YES
13. ITU Workshop on Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Field (EMFs)
Turin, Italy, 9 May 2013
The application of new rules: a long path?
For the thorough application of the recently revised regulation (Oct 2012),
some provisions have still to be issued:
National and Local Agencies for Environment Protection ((ISPRA/ARPA) are in
charge of the development of Application Guidelines.
CEI (Italian Electrotecnic Committee) is completing relevant updated
technical norms, for the proper application of the revised regulation.
Both Application Guidelines and CEI technical norms are expected to be
issued by the first semester of 2013.
14. ITU Workshop on Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Field (EMFs)
Turin, Italy, 9 May 2013
Lessons learnt
Costs of precautionary policies in terms of social impact and additional
burden for economic growth.
Once applied, precautionary policies represent a no-return path.
Even in front of new regulatory provisions still very distant from ICNIRP/EU
guidelines, there is an air of general worry on possible response from the
public, which may condition the application of the law.