1. ITU
“Workshop on Human Exposure to
Electromagnetic Fields”
Base Station Compliance
Marnus van Wyk
EMSS Consulting, South Africa
Turin, Italy
9 May 2013

2. 2
ContentContent
• Introduction
• Base station compliance
– Does base station comply with relevant
standard?
• EMF Measurements in public areas
– Public risk perception
• Summary

3. 3
ContentContent
• Introduction
• Base station compliance
– Does base station comply with relevant
standard?
• EMF Measurements in public areas
– Public risk perception
• Summary

4. 4
IntroductionIntroduction
• Various standards / guidelines (ICNIRP, Italy)
• Apply to base stations
• Balance effort with risk
• Risk communication / public perception

5. 5
ContentContent
• Introduction
• Base station compliance
– Does base station comply with relevant
standard?
• EMF Measurements in public areas
– Public risk perception
• Summary

6. 6
Base station complianceBase station compliance
Steps
 Determine “exclusion zone”(IEC 62232)
 Assess zone accessibility
 Ensure sufficient safety measures in place
(access control, signs, training, etc)
 Certification

7. 7
Base station complianceBase station compliance
Steps
 Determine “exclusion zone”(IEC 62232)
 Assess zone accessibility
 Ensure sufficient safety measures in place
(access control, signs, training, etc)
 Certification

8. Exclusion zone and accessibilityExclusion zone and accessibility
• Where are the exclusion zones and how accessible are
these zones?
• Techniques
– Generic rules
– Computer simulation
– Measurement

9. Exclusion zone and accessibilityExclusion zone and accessibility
• Generic rules
– Efficiently process many sites where zones are not easily
accessible

10. Exclusion zone and accessibilityExclusion zone and accessibility
• Computer simulation

11. Exclusion zone and accessibilityExclusion zone and accessibility
• Measurement

12. 12
Base station complianceBase station compliance
Steps
 Determine “exclusion zone”(IEC 62232)
 Assess zone accessibility
 Ensure sufficient safety measures in place
(access control, signs, training, etc)
 Certification

13. Safety measuresSafety measures
• Access control
• Signage
13

14. 14
Base station complianceBase station compliance
Steps
 Determine “exclusion zone”(IEC 62232)
 Assess zone accessibility
 Ensure sufficient safety measures in place
(access control, signs, training, etc)
 Certification

15. 15
CertificationCertification

16. 16
ContentContent
• Introduction
• Base station compliance
– Does base station comply with relevant
standard?
• EMF Measurements in public areas
– Public risk perception
• Summary

17. 17
EMF MeasurementsEMF Measurements
• Why measure EMF levels in in public areas around
cellular base stations?
– Public concern
– Normally well outside the exclusion zone

18. 18
EMF MeasurementsEMF Measurements
• Use Narda portable spectrum analyzer
• Follow established measurement procedure (IEC
62232, CENELEC, etc)
• Positions
– Publicly accessible positions
– Points of local maximum exposure
– Points of specific interest
– Typically 6-10 points per site

19. 19
EMF MeasurementsEMF Measurements
• Automated

20. 20
EMF MeasurementsEMF Measurements
• Some positions

21. 21
EMF MeasurementsEMF Measurements
• Some positions

22. 22
EMF MeasurementsEMF Measurements
• Results (77 000 measurements)

23. 23
Longer duration measurementsLonger duration measurements
• Spectrum analyzer spot measurements preferred

24. 24
ContentContent
• Introduction
• Base station compliance
– Does base station comply with relevant
standard?
• EMF Measurements in public areas
– Public risk perception
• Summary

25. 25
SummarySummary
• Base station compliance
– Does base station comply with relevant standard?
Steps
Determine “exclusion zone”(IEC 62232)
Assess zone accessibility
Ensure sufficient safety measures in place
Certification
• EMF Measurements in public areas
– Public risk perception

26. • Thank you
• Questions?
mvanwyk@emss.co.za