Presentacion de 11th Asian Maize Conference which took place in Beijing, China from November 7 – 11, 2011.

1. DR. ABDUL HAMEED
DIRECTOR
MAIZE & MILLETS RESEARCH INSTITUTE
YUSAFWALA, SAHIWAL-PAKISTAN
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1

2. Pakistan’s Agriculture

3. Functions of Agriculture Research
Genetic
Production Pests
Improvement
Technology Management
(Crops)
Soil & water
Value
Resource
Addition
Management
Farmer’s
Introduction Advisory
(New Plants) Service

4. Area of Major Maize Growing Countries
1200 area (000' ha)
3200 1050
7200
USA
area (000' ha), China
India, 8200, 9% 32886 Brazil
India
12750 Mexico
Argentina
Canada
Pakistan
31500

5. Production of Major Maize Growing Countries

6. Yield of Major Maize Growing Countries

7. Maize area, production & yield in Pakistan
(2000-10)
4000
3500
3000
2500 Area (000 ha)
2000 Production (000 ton)
1500 Avg. Yield (kg/ha)
1000
500
0
20 -01
20 -02
20 -03
20 -04
20 -05
20 -06
20 -07
20 -08
20 -09
0
-1
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
20

8. Maize area, production &yield in Punjab
(2000-10)

9. FOCUS OF RESEARCH
Yield
Hybrid Development
Quality
Disease Resistance Insect Resistance
Stalk Rot Shoot Borer
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10. Objectives of the Institute
 To evolve high yielding varieties/hybrids of maize & millets
 Breeding for biotic & a-biotic stresses
 To develop high yielding hybrids/OPV’s of different maturity
groups
 To produce BNS, pre-basic and basic seed
 To develop improved package of production technology
 To demonstrate improved production technology through
on-farm research

11. MMRI
Maize Hybrid Programme
 Inbred lines maintained = 325
 Hybrids evaluated = 217
 Promising Hybrids = 16
 Candidate hybrids: YH-1921
YH-1898
Yusafwala Hybrid
FH-810 11

12. BREEDING FOR STRESSES
 Stalk Rot
 120 inbred lines were screened
• 40 resistant
• 65 moderately tolerant
 Shoot Borer
 30 resistant inbred lines were identified
 Heat tolerance
 Two hybrids fairly tolerant to heat stress have
been released

13. Breeding for Heat Stress Tolerance
of Maize in Pakistan
13

14. Materials and Methods
A. Screening under field conditions
Year No. of inbred
lines screened
2004 92
2005 116
2006 101
2007 45
2008 60
2009 47
2010 37
Sowing time Last week of march
Plot size 5m x 0.75m
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15. Materials and Methods
Screening under tunnel conditions
No. of inbred lines 21
No. of hybrids used 8 (including 3commercial / exotic)
Environmental conditions 1. Open field
2. Plastic Tunnel (30.5mx10.6mx3.2m)
Plot size 5m x 0.75m
Fertilizer (NPK kg/acre) 300-150-125 kg/ha
Total irrigations of 3 acre inch 12
Date of sowing 22nd Feb, 2010
Air temperature at sowing 25 °C
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16. Plastic Tunnel (30.5mx10.6mx3.2m)
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17. Highest and average temperature during
spring season, 2004-11
50
45
40
35
Temperature ( C°)
30
25 Highest Temp. ( C°)
Avg. Temp. ( C°)
20
15
10
5
0
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE
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18. Temperature Fluctuation at Flowering to Harvesting
Date of flower initiation= 24.04.2010
Crop Stage Outside Inside the
tunnel tunnel
At flowering (24th 42 °C - 43 °C 45°C - 47°C
April to 28th April)
At pollination (29th 42 °C - 45 °C 45°C - 47°C
April to 4th May)
Grain formation to 45°C - 47°C 47°C - 51°C
harvesting
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19. Screening under glasshouse conditions
No. of Inbred lines/hybrids 29
Sowing date 12th Feb. 2011
Temp. at sowing 20OC
Plot size 5m x 0.75m
Temp. at pollination 4 hour heat shock 50OC (± 1)
for 3 weeks
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20. 16.8mx7.0mx4.6m
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21. 21

22. 22

23. Results & Discussion
Heat tolerance studies under field conditions (2004-10)
Season/Year Lines Tested Lines selected
(>25% seed setting)
Spring-2004 92 25
Spring-2005 116 40
Spring-2006 101 40
Spring-2007 45 10
Spring-2008 60 5
Spring-2009 47 5
Spring-2010 37 2
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24. Agronomic traits and seed setting of inbred lines
under tunnel (Spring-2010)
Entry Days to Days to Plant Cob Ht. No. of Viable
50% tassel 50% silk Ht. (cm) (cm) Seeds (5-cobs)
Y-26 65 68 125 60 45
Y-9 67 70 115 47 20
Y-14 65 69 125 64 15
Y-13 65 68 155 75 15
Y-25 65 68 110 55 10
Y-11 66 69 125 57 10
Y-32 64 67 125 62 3
Y-19 67 69 115 55 1
Y-24 66 69 120 65 1
Cont------

25. Entry Days to Days to Plant Cob Ht. (cm) No. of Viable
50% tassel 50% silk Ht. (cm) Seeds (5-cobs)
Y-12 69 72 155 140 -
Y-22 69 71 147 71 -
Y-5 67 69 120 60 -
Y-35 70 71 130 65 -
Y-29 70 71 110 50 -
Y-3 70 71 106 52 -
Y-27 68 71 120 55 -
Y-36 67 69 145 71 -
Y-37 67 69 126 65 -
Y-2 69 70 155 79 -
Y-38 68 70 155 65 -
Y-50 67 70 139 67 - 25

26. Agronomic traits and seed setting %age in
hybrids under tunnel (Spring-2010)
Entry Days to Days to Plant Cob Ht. Viable seeds
50% tassel 50% silk Ht. (cm) (cm) (%)
YH-1898 66 67 180 90 50
YH-1921 67 68 178 90 40
FH-793 64 67 195 100 30
FH-810 68 71 190 97 30
8441 (C) 68 70 201 100 25
FH-963 63 66 189 89 20
6525 (C) 64 67 187 90 20
6142 (C) 64 68 20 98 20
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27. Agronomic traits and seed setting of inbred lines in
glasshouse (Spring-2011)
Entry Days to Days to Plant Ht Cob Ht No. of Viable
50% tassel 50% Silk (cm) (cm) Seeds (5-Cobs)
Y-26 76 89 133 70 45
Y-9 78 82 128 63 22
Y-11 73 76 138 70 21
Y-14 76 79 143 72 20
Y-13 70 73 160 81 19
Y-25 68 69 125 64 17
Y-32 74 76 140 70 12
Y-24 78 81 128 65 10
Y-27 78 81 143 73 7
Y-36 67 70 155 75 7
Y-22 72 75 154 76 7
Y-5 68 71 136 70 6
27
Cont----

28. Entry
Continue Table 50%
Days to Days to Plant Ht Cob Ht No. of Viable
tassel 50% Silk (cm) (cm) Seeds (5-Cobs)
Y-50 73 75 150 78 3
Y-12 70 72 150 77 3
Y-3 68 71 118 58 2
Y-29 73 76 119 58 -
Y-2 73 75 163 80 -
Y-37 75 78 141 71 -
Y-38 73 76 160 80 -
Y-19 70 73 123 65 -
Y-35 72 75 139 71 -
DR-35 73 76 127 65 100
DR-2 68 70 128 65 15
DR-135 77 80 135 63 10
DR-1 73 75 117 55 -
DR-3 70 73 120 59 -
DR-5 68 70 121 60 -
DR-6 68 71 130 61 -
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29. Agronomic traits and seed setting %age of hybrids
in glasshouse (Spring-2011)
Entries Days to Days to Plant Cob Ht Viable Seeds
50% tassel 50% Silk Ht (cm) (cm) (%)
YH-1898 69 72 189 93 50
YH-1921 71 74 190 95 40
FH-793 67 71 203 106 40
FH-810 73 77 200 106 35
8441(C) 73 76 209 104 35
FH-963 66 70 190 97 30
6142(C) 67 69 205 100 25
6525(C) 68 71 197 95 25
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30. 30

31. Conclusions
 Heat stress may affect any plant species at any stage
 Pollination and grain formation phases are highly sensitive
 Screening under field conditions provides basic but useful
information if the sowing be done at appropriate time
 under tunnel conditions the temperature is more conducive
to screen out the susceptible germplasm as higher
temperature under tunnel minimizes the chances of any
escape
 For getting more credible results the glasshouse provides an
ideal system for screening under desired set of
environmental factors