This document summarizes a discussion between John Reinforced-Concrete, Straw Mulchman, and Socrates about sustainable development and ecology in architecture. John advocates for technological solutions and precise metrics like energy usage of materials. Straw Mulchman argues for a more holistic view focusing on relationships and fairness. Socrates questions overreliance on technology and numbers, noting some data is misleading and other important factors like happiness are hard to measure. They debate the merits of natural vs modern materials and whether technology is taking the discussion nowhere or enabling new solutions.
The document discusses the emergence of metamodernism as a new architectural style that has developed in response to the limitations of postmodernism. Postmodernism promoted pluralism and a rejection of modernism's utopian visions, but ultimately led to mediocrity, pastiche, and stagnancy in Philippine architecture. Metamodernism aims to reconstruct architecture through a return to social engagement, new sincerity, and craftsmanship. It encompasses styles like neoromanticism, which creates something new through improvement, and performatism, which intervenes radically in constructed frames. The document argues metamodernism represents a new structure of feeling for the contemporary generation.
This document summarizes Lucy Sargisson's discussion of contemporary environmental political theory moving towards a more democratic relationship between humanity and nature. It discusses thinkers like John Dryzek and Andrew Dobson who argue for expanding democratic participation to include nature. The document analyzes two examples - Councils of All Beings workshops that aim to "give voice" to nature, and Marge Piercy's novel Woman on the Edge of Time which depicts a participatory democracy where environmental advocates represent nature's interests. While these approaches raise issues, the document suggests they provide a space to imagine developing a more inclusive political community from an ecological perspective.
This document discusses the concept of sustainable transportation and its adoption in Poland. It makes the following key points:
1. Modernist urban planning prioritized the automobile, leading to issues like traffic, pollution, and sprawl. Jane Jacobs advocated tempering the role of cars in cities.
2. The concept of sustainable transportation aims to prioritize efficient, cost-effective transit while considering environmental and social impacts. This challenged the car-centric modernist vision.
3. While sustainable transportation policies took hold in Western Europe in the 1970s and later in the US, it is still difficult to implement in Poland due to a fascination with cars and neoliberal ideals that emphasize individual transportation. Cultural and structural factors
The document discusses issues of unsustainable development in Bratislava, Slovakia following the fall of communism. It summarizes that vast industrial areas were left behind as factories closed, leaving behind pollution, decaying infrastructure, and unemployed workers. New developments often replaced brownfields without regard for preserving historic areas or using open land efficiently. As a result, Bratislava has sprawled significantly and faces issues like neglect of public spaces, lack of public transportation, and disappearance of local markets and producers. Overall the post-communist focus on short-term economic growth has led to unsustainable patterns of development that scar the city physically and socially.
This document discusses 10 major problems facing the natural environment: 1) climate change, 2) pollution, 3) ozone layer depletion, 4) depletion of natural resources, 5) water quality and scarcity issues, 6) deforestation, 7) soil degradation, 8) waste, 9) loss of biodiversity, and 10) population growth. It notes debate around whether climate change is caused by human activity or natural variations, with the IPCC attributing most warming to human greenhouse gas emissions and others arguing solar activity is a primary driver. The document examines how these issues threaten the sustainability of the planet's life support systems.
1) Cities can become more sustainable by reducing energy consumption through improving energy efficiency in buildings and transportation. Urbanization has led to urban sprawl and inefficient development in many Central and Eastern European cities.
2) The energy flow in cities can be made more closed and circular by generating energy from various sources within the city like vehicles, buildings, waste, and wastewater and allowing these sources to supply one another through technologies like vehicle-to-grid.
3) Renewable energy sources like solar and wind can be implemented in cities, even dense urban areas, through rooftop solar and micro wind turbines. Nearby renewable energy systems and larger off-site installations can also supply cities.
1) The document discusses the transformation of cities and urban spaces as a result of globalization and increased mobility. While cities are decentralizing and sprawling, certain areas become more uniform and centralized around functions like tourism, commerce, and transportation.
2) As cities decentralize, historical centers take on museum-like functions for tourists and wealthy residents while industrial and cultural activities move outward. However, new forms of recentralization also occur as global communication technologies paradoxically contribute to both increased mobility and new forms of isolation.
3) Finding a balance between the sense of place and freedom of movement in urban spaces will require rethinking concepts of the city and housing. It also demands efforts to reverse growing inequality and reconnect people
This document provides an overview of green architecture in the Czech Republic. It discusses how respect for the natural environment has long been important in architecture. However, modernization led to nature being subordinated to construction. After World War II, environmental degradation from modernization processes raised awareness. Since the 1970s, romantic and technical approaches to the environment have gradually converged. New objectives like sustainable development have been incorporated into projects. In the Czech Republic, ecological issues in architecture grew prominent in 2008. Various strategies have emerged, ranging from energy efficiency to use of local materials. Debates continue around standardizing terminology and balancing globalization with local specificity in green architecture.
The document discusses the emergence of metamodernism as a new architectural style that has developed in response to the limitations of postmodernism. Postmodernism promoted pluralism and a rejection of modernism's utopian visions, but ultimately led to mediocrity, pastiche, and stagnancy in Philippine architecture. Metamodernism aims to reconstruct architecture through a return to social engagement, new sincerity, and craftsmanship. It encompasses styles like neoromanticism, which creates something new through improvement, and performatism, which intervenes radically in constructed frames. The document argues metamodernism represents a new structure of feeling for the contemporary generation.
This document summarizes Lucy Sargisson's discussion of contemporary environmental political theory moving towards a more democratic relationship between humanity and nature. It discusses thinkers like John Dryzek and Andrew Dobson who argue for expanding democratic participation to include nature. The document analyzes two examples - Councils of All Beings workshops that aim to "give voice" to nature, and Marge Piercy's novel Woman on the Edge of Time which depicts a participatory democracy where environmental advocates represent nature's interests. While these approaches raise issues, the document suggests they provide a space to imagine developing a more inclusive political community from an ecological perspective.
This document discusses the concept of sustainable transportation and its adoption in Poland. It makes the following key points:
1. Modernist urban planning prioritized the automobile, leading to issues like traffic, pollution, and sprawl. Jane Jacobs advocated tempering the role of cars in cities.
2. The concept of sustainable transportation aims to prioritize efficient, cost-effective transit while considering environmental and social impacts. This challenged the car-centric modernist vision.
3. While sustainable transportation policies took hold in Western Europe in the 1970s and later in the US, it is still difficult to implement in Poland due to a fascination with cars and neoliberal ideals that emphasize individual transportation. Cultural and structural factors
The document discusses issues of unsustainable development in Bratislava, Slovakia following the fall of communism. It summarizes that vast industrial areas were left behind as factories closed, leaving behind pollution, decaying infrastructure, and unemployed workers. New developments often replaced brownfields without regard for preserving historic areas or using open land efficiently. As a result, Bratislava has sprawled significantly and faces issues like neglect of public spaces, lack of public transportation, and disappearance of local markets and producers. Overall the post-communist focus on short-term economic growth has led to unsustainable patterns of development that scar the city physically and socially.
This document discusses 10 major problems facing the natural environment: 1) climate change, 2) pollution, 3) ozone layer depletion, 4) depletion of natural resources, 5) water quality and scarcity issues, 6) deforestation, 7) soil degradation, 8) waste, 9) loss of biodiversity, and 10) population growth. It notes debate around whether climate change is caused by human activity or natural variations, with the IPCC attributing most warming to human greenhouse gas emissions and others arguing solar activity is a primary driver. The document examines how these issues threaten the sustainability of the planet's life support systems.
1) Cities can become more sustainable by reducing energy consumption through improving energy efficiency in buildings and transportation. Urbanization has led to urban sprawl and inefficient development in many Central and Eastern European cities.
2) The energy flow in cities can be made more closed and circular by generating energy from various sources within the city like vehicles, buildings, waste, and wastewater and allowing these sources to supply one another through technologies like vehicle-to-grid.
3) Renewable energy sources like solar and wind can be implemented in cities, even dense urban areas, through rooftop solar and micro wind turbines. Nearby renewable energy systems and larger off-site installations can also supply cities.
1) The document discusses the transformation of cities and urban spaces as a result of globalization and increased mobility. While cities are decentralizing and sprawling, certain areas become more uniform and centralized around functions like tourism, commerce, and transportation.
2) As cities decentralize, historical centers take on museum-like functions for tourists and wealthy residents while industrial and cultural activities move outward. However, new forms of recentralization also occur as global communication technologies paradoxically contribute to both increased mobility and new forms of isolation.
3) Finding a balance between the sense of place and freedom of movement in urban spaces will require rethinking concepts of the city and housing. It also demands efforts to reverse growing inequality and reconnect people
This document provides an overview of green architecture in the Czech Republic. It discusses how respect for the natural environment has long been important in architecture. However, modernization led to nature being subordinated to construction. After World War II, environmental degradation from modernization processes raised awareness. Since the 1970s, romantic and technical approaches to the environment have gradually converged. New objectives like sustainable development have been incorporated into projects. In the Czech Republic, ecological issues in architecture grew prominent in 2008. Various strategies have emerged, ranging from energy efficiency to use of local materials. Debates continue around standardizing terminology and balancing globalization with local specificity in green architecture.
Ivan Jarina built his family's house in Marianka, near Bratislava to blend harmoniously with the local landscape and ecosystem. The architect observed the surroundings to seek inspiration from the local "genius loci" rather than modifying the context. Traditional and recycled materials were used like wood, bricks and stone to construct the house in a sustainable way. At the center of the house is an old apple tree, intended to divide the home into sections for adults and children while also connecting the family to nature. The goal was to create an eco-friendly home respecting the natural environment.
This document discusses reanalyzing the history of urban planning and design from a microscopic physiological perspective rather than the typical macroscopic aesthetic viewpoint. It argues that physiological factors like climate, disease, and infrastructure influenced urban development more than aesthetics and symbolism. Looking at the history through this "thermodynamic" lens reveals that functional needs often preceded formal considerations. It suggests reversing the typical cause-and-effect relationship used to understand urban planning history to recognize the microscopic physiological influences on macroscopic urban forms and patterns.
1. The document discusses how our current era is one of radical change due to new technologies like computers, similar to how the emergence of writing radically transformed humanity thousands of years ago.
2. It explores different perspectives on defining our current times, from information age to anthropocene to posthumanism. However, we do not fully understand the nature of information or computational processes.
3. The document also analyzes how the von Neumann architecture that underlies modern computers is similar to structures of power and control seen in ancient systems like Egyptian hieroglyphs, the military, and schools. It suggests these architectures framed human roles and relationships.
This document discusses the problem of vacant properties in many cities due to economic crises. It notes that significant amounts of office, commercial, and residential spaces lie abandoned in cities across Europe and North America. Vacant properties are harmful as they deteriorate and degrade surrounding areas. Various responses have emerged to address vacancy, including temporary reuse programs, community mapping initiatives to inventory vacant spaces, and new approaches in urban planning focused on flexibility and small-scale interventions. Mapping vacancy is a first step, while long-term solutions require policies and designs tailored to converting individual vacant buildings to productive new uses.
This document summarizes the views of Murray Bookchin and William Morris on the relationship between humanity and nature in their ecological utopian visions. Bookchin saw humanity as "participants" in nature, arguing that domination of nature stems from domination of humans by humans. He advocated for non-hierarchical relationships between humanity and the environment. Morris portrayed a society with a partnership between humanity and nature, where people lived in harmony with the landscape through small-scale industries and stewardship of the land. Both thinkers provide instructive visions of sustainable societies through a rebalancing of humanity's relationship with the natural world.
1) The Urbino Academy of Fine Arts offers professional training in stage design and allows students to experiment with theatre spaces and imagine the world behind the stage.
2) A play called "End.less" was inspired by Monteverdi's opera "The Ballo of the Ungrateful Ladies" and Baudrillard's essay "Impossible Exchange," which discuss the impossible exchange between reality and virtual dimensions.
3) The play tells the story of a man named Enrico Rimasto who faces bureaucracy after his death, questioning whether it is truly the end or just another postponed apocalypse, representing the endless wait faced by unemployed youth.
You will be required to a complete a brief (~300 400 words) readSANSKAR20
The document provides instructions for a reading response assignment. Students must write a 300-400 word response addressing key ideas and takeaways from assigned readings, comparing them to other readings, and noting any lingering questions. The response should evaluate the readings, synthesize points across readings, and list any remaining questions. Specific questions are provided about readings discussing digital information transforming media, forms of media multitasking, and how media multitasking relates to losing "quiet spaces" from deep reading. Responses will be graded as outstanding, satisfactory, or unsatisfactory based on insights, consideration of readings, and addressing the guiding questions.
The document outlines the schedule and topics for workshop sessions on November 9, 2010. Slot 1 will cover topics like lifestyles, energy efficiency, water, soils and gardening. Slot 2 will discuss issues like global commons, sustainability frameworks and participation models. Slot 3 focuses on participation, dialogue and policymaking. Additional links and references are provided for further information on speakers and related events.
How Sustainable Is A Wind Energy System Environmental Sciences Essay .... Essay on Wind Energy - YouTube. Wind Power. - GCSE Science - Marked by Teachers.com. Narrative Essay: Wind energy essay. 10 Lines on Wind in English!! Short Essay on Wind !! Ashwin's World .... Solar & Wind Energy Resource Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well ....
Due date Saturday March 21, 2015.Answers for each question sho.docxjacksnathalie
Due date Saturday March 21, 2015.
Answers for each question should be at least 100 words.
1. Exam Questions:
Topic #3 – Economic Actors
1. Explain Myrdal’s concept of cumulative and circular causation and compare and contrast it to Veblen’s concept of cumulative causation.
2. Explain Robert Montgomery’s theory of how institutional practices come about and come to be thought of and practiced over time.
3. What is Montgomery’s theorized relationship between technological change and cultural change and give (articulate) an example outside of the Montgomery reading.
Reading:
1. Montgomery: Historical Fact
2. Myrdal: Institutional Economics
4. Exam Questions:
Topic #9 – Money
1. How does the standard story of the invention of money differ from the Institutionalist/Post Keynesian theory?
2. What does the Institutionalist/Post Keynesian theory of money says about the financial constraints on an economy to provisioning for the elderly?
Reading:
Wray: An irreverent overview of the history of money from the beginning of the beginning through to the present.
Question 1
a) The law that will be applied. . . .
b) The court will decide the effect of the the purported acceptance in the following way: . . .
c) The additional terms . . .
Question 2
a) She was only joking:
The offeror would argue that . . .
b) She didn't know that an offer was being made:
The offeror would argue that . . .
c) She knew she was signing an offer but he didn't read all of the terms:
The offeror would argue that . . .
d) She did not understand some of the terms and conditions:
The offeror would argue that . . .
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
An irreverent overview of the history of money from the beginning of the begi...
L Randall Wray
Journal of Post Keynesian Economics; Summer 1999; 21, 4; ABI/INFORM Global
pg. 679
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with p ...
A Note On Transdisciplinary Thinking -Meaning Making Is An ArtBecky Gilbert
This document discusses transdisciplinary thinking and problem solving by examining the work of Leonardo da Vinci. It argues that disciplinary thinking can be limiting due to "self-limiting assumptions." It analyzes da Vinci's approach across his roles as artist, scientist, engineer, and eco-designer in understanding nature. The document summarizes da Vinci's approach into four concepts: 1) Transcendence through insights from diverse projects, 2) Seeing new possibilities through an interconnected worldview, 3) Leveraging meaningful connections between ideas for innovation, and 4) Mastery through understanding phenomena by connecting them through patterns.
- The Anthropocene refers to the current geological epoch where human activity has become the dominant influence on the environment, climate, and biosphere.
- It began during the Industrial Revolution around 1750-1800, marked by humanity's exploitation of fossil fuels at an unprecedented scale, massive deforestation, and the growth of industrial agriculture.
- Key indicators that will leave a lasting signature of the Anthropocene in the geological record include radioactive isotopes from nuclear weapons testing, plastic pollution, changes to the nitrogen and carbon cycles from fertilizer use and fossil fuel emissions, and potentially mass extinction of species.
Environmental Essay Contest. Town Launches Environmental Poster Contest for 4...Lauren Davis
Town Launches Environmental Poster Contest for 4th and 5th Grade .... Essay on Environment Environment Essay for Students and Children in .... Essay on Environmental Issues Environmental Issues Esssay for .... Write a short essay on Environment Essay Writing English - YouTube. We and our environment essay. Environmental essay Essay, Academic essay writing, Best essay writing .... World Environment Day Essay Competition St.Teresass College. National Environmental Writing Contest Concluded - bdenvironment.com. A Comprehensive Guide for Writing an Environmental Essay. Call for Entries: Earth Day Essay Contest 2022 Wilton Wildlife .... Environment Essay Topics - scholarships for black students. Environmental Science Essay Contest. Essay About Nature And Environment Free Essay Example. Short Essay About Environmental Conservation Sea Pollution. World Environment Day Essay Contest - Scholastic World - Contests for .... Top Environmental Essay Topics Ideas You Can Explore Writingapaper .... World Environment Day Essay Essay on World Environment Day for .... English Essay Natural Environment Global Warming. Environment Essay Economics - Year 12 HSC Thinkswap. Environmental Pollution Essay Assisting students with top-notch papers. Environmental Studies Earth Day Environmental Writing Contest .... Call for entries The 14th Eco-generation Environmental Essay Competition. Pin by Angela Carver on Student Competitions Essay competition, Essay .... PDF Online Essay Writing Competition quot;ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH; THE MOST .... Earth Day Poster and Writing Contest City of Hayward - Official website. Environmental Issues Essay Example - Free Essay, Term Paper Example .... Essay sample how we can help to protect the environment. National Environmental Writing Contest 2020 Launched - bdenvironment.com. 180 Excellent Environmental Essay Topics and Ideas. Environment Essay: Example, Sample, Writing Help ️ BookWormLab. Environmental Issues Essay. Essay on earth and environment. Save Mother Earth: An Essay. 2019-01-31 Environmental Essay Contest Environmental Essay Contest. Town Launches Environmental Poster Contest for 4th and 5th Grade ...
Environmental Essay Contest.pdfEnvironmental Essay Contest. National Environm...Donna Baun
Town Launches Environmental Poster Contest for 4th and 5th Grade .... Essay on Environment | Environment Essay for Students and Children in .... Essay on Environmental Issues | Environmental Issues Esssay for .... Write a short essay on Environment | Essay Writing | English - YouTube. We and our environment essay. Environmental essay | Essay, Academic essay writing, Best essay writing .... World Environment Day Essay Competition | St.Teresas's College. National Environmental Writing Contest Concluded - bdenvironment.com. A Comprehensive Guide for Writing an Environmental Essay. Call for Entries: Earth Day Essay Contest 2022 — Wilton Wildlife .... Environment Essay Topics - scholarships for black students. Environmental Science Essay Contest. Essay About Nature And Environment Free Essay Example. Short Essay About Environmental Conservation | Sea | Pollution. World Environment Day Essay Contest - Scholastic World - Contests for .... Top Environmental Essay Topics Ideas You Can Explore | Writingapaper .... World Environment Day Essay | Essay on World Environment Day for .... English Essay | Natural Environment | Global Warming. Environment Essay | Economics - Year 12 HSC | Thinkswap. Environmental Pollution Essay – Assisting students with top-notch papers. Environmental Studies | Earth Day Environmental Writing Contest .... Call for entries – The 14th Eco-generation Environmental Essay Competition. Pin by Angela Carver on Student Competitions | Essay competition, Essay .... (PDF) Online Essay Writing Competition "ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH; THE MOST .... Earth Day Poster and Writing Contest | City of Hayward - Official website.
Here are examples of evidence and assessments for different levels of student learning in this math lesson on polygons:
Exceeds Expectations:
- Content: Students can define different types of polygons (triangle, quadrilateral, etc.) and their properties without any aids. They can apply properties to solve multi-step problems.
- Language: Students actively participate in discussions, explaining their mathematical reasoning clearly and using precise vocabulary. They can answer higher-order thinking questions.
Meets Expectations:
- Content: Students can identify different polygons and state basic properties when using the word bank or textbook as a reference. They can solve one-step problems applying one property.
- Language: Students participate in discussions when called on, answering
Complexity A Guided Tour By Melanie Mitchell528Hz TRUTH
This document provides background information on complexity science and the emergence of complexity as a field of study. It discusses how reductionism was the dominant scientific approach but struggled to explain complex phenomena involving living systems, economies, technology and other real-world systems. In the 1980s, scientists realized these phenomena required an interdisciplinary approach beyond existing disciplines. This led to the founding of the Santa Fe Institute to study complex systems using new scientific foundations not yet developed. The document also provides some biographical context for the author and their interest in complexity science emerging from studies in computer science, artificial intelligence and computation in natural systems.
Photography and Art (graded)1. In the 19th century, the camera w.docxmattjtoni51554
Photography and Art (graded)
1. In the 19th century, the camera was a revolutionary invention. Did the invention of the camera change the arts? Why or why not?
Is there a relationship between movements such as realism and impressionism and the camera?
Imagining a world without modern technology
2. The reason it's good to pay attention to the course objectives is that they tell you what goals for the student are most important to the institutions and teachers that create the class. Therefore, they present obvious clues as to what will be tested, and the priorities by which papers are graded.
This week is a great example. One of the course objectives covered this week is, "given a significant technological advance (such as the printing press or camera), assess the effects of the technical breakthrough on culture and art."
Imagine what people and cultures were like without photography, recorded music, television, film, music videos, or anything electronic whatever. Much of what we take for granted would seem absolutely miraculous to them. Also, the whole nature and use of the human imagination has changed significantly.
You may want to use considerations such as this in responding to this particular discussion question. Or, take it in your own direction.
3. This is probably the kind of thing that only a Humanities teacher would be interested in, but the history of the development of color media for humanity's creative use is really a quite fascinating one - involving charred wood from ancient fires, naturally occurring vs. manufactured pigments, finishing a painting quickly before plaster dries, and even an essential creative use for eggs. And of course, much more.
Technological advances in the arts are not a recent phenomenon. They have been going on since the beginning:
Writing (ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt)
The tuba and the organ (Classical Rome)
The printing press (the 15th Century - one big reason the Protestant Reformation succeeded after several failed starts in previous centuries)
The modern piano (the 18th Century - a big part of the great emotion of Romantic music, like Beethoven)
Electronics (Think for a moment about how your experience of the arts - music especially - is affected by relatively recent advances in electronics)
There could be a whole course in history studying just such things.
4. Realism and Impressionism (graded)
For this week's discussion, choose realism or impressionism as a basis for your posts and discuss how your choice is manifested in any area of the humanities (i.e., painting, sculpture, literature, music, etc.), and give an example from any discipline in the humanities to illustrate how realism or impressionism influenced the work of art. Please be sure to give an analysis of how the work of art was influenced by the movement.
Here we go again. We get to look at more highfalutin academic words: Realism and Impressionism.
B. As I wrote before, though it's OK when you look.
Sample essay on ecosystem of the nile river. Essay on Ecosystem Restoration | Essay Writing on Ecosystem for Children. Essay on Ecosystems at Risk | Geography - Year 12 HSC | Thinkswap. (PDF) Restoration Ecolog y and the Ecosystem Perspective | Louis Toth .... Reflection essay: Essay on ecosystem. Creation Of Ecosystems Essay. write essay on ecosystem restoration | easy & short essay on ecosystem .... Ecosystem Restoration Essay // Essay on Ecosystem Restoration// - YouTube.
The material-ideal dyad of culture and the revolutionary materialism of pract...Brendan Larvor
According to Theodore R. Schatzki, theorists who study practices tend to view them as materially present and changing over history, rather than as determined by rigid abstract structures. This amounts to a revolutionary materialist perspective. The author will illustrate this perspective and discuss how it presents dilemmas for philosophers of mathematical practices. They will also argue that culture is better viewed as the expression of values in practices, rather than as distinct anthropological units, in order to understand cultural change and facilitate cross-cultural communication without falling into materialism or post-humanism.
The document summarizes Thomas Mann's novel The Magic Mountain and discusses the role of humanities. It argues that the main character, Hans Castorp, learns important lessons about critical thinking and citizenship from humanist discussions during his unexpected long stay at a sanatorium. However, the essay notes that humanities later became too specialized and isolated from other fields of knowledge, losing their ability to teach people how to understand the world. It advocates for a more interdisciplinary approach where humanities intersect with other areas like philosophy, bioethics and medicine.
107
IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn
Architects—from Vitruvius to Le Corbusier, Alberti to Wright, and Viollet-le-Duc to Kahn—
have discussed the importance of materiality in architecture. Since the beginning of
architectural history, designers and builders articulated both practical and theoretical
principles on how materials are to be procured, refined, stored, and assembled. Architecture
is, of course, the putting together of materials: stone, wood, brick, etc. Throughout much
of architectural history, architects focused on qualities of solidity, permanence, and
heaviness. In opposition, new materials have enabled new qualities: Can buildings be
more transparent, maybe ghostly or invisible? Can buildings become lighter, maybe able
to float? Can buildings be made to move, maybe daily? Exemplified by Diller and Scofidio’s
“Blur Building” at the 2002 Swiss Expo, where the primary building material was fog, the
exploration of “immateriality” in architecture is relatively new.
Building upon Vitruvius’ work, Leon Battista Alberti wrote at length about materials
and construction in “Book III” of The Art of Building in Ten Books, the original text for
this chapter. Alberti articulated the properties and procurement of various building
materials: timber, stone, brick, lime, and sand. He described how to “properly” refine
these materials, and to utilize them in construction. Beginning with the foundation, and
moving on to discussions of walls, roofs, and “pavements” (i.e., flooring), Alberti delivered
a systemic guide for constructing public buildings, predominantly based on objective,
practical, empirical, and technical expertise. Durability, much more than aesthetics, was
Alberti’s primary concern throughout the first half of his Ten Books, developing a seamless
translation from raw material—the natural properties of stone, wood, etc.—to built form.
This parallels Louis Kahn’s famous dialogue with a brick, where he asks the brick what it
wants to be, and the brick, in Kahn’s words, says, “I like an arch.”1
Finnish architect and theorist Juhani Pallasmaa saw the process of construction
not only as an extension of material properties but also as an extension of the human
body. In The Eyes of the Skin: Architecture and the Senses, the reflective text for this
chapter, Pallasmaa asserted, “Construction in traditional cultures is guided by the body
in the same way that a bird shapes its nest by movements of its body. Indigenous clay
1. This conversation appears in
the 2003 documentary film My
Architect, directed by Kahn’s
son Nathaniel Kahn.
Introducing Arch Theory-01-c 7/12/11 13:24 Page 107
and mud architectures in various parts of the world seem to be born of the muscular and
haptic senses.” Pallasmaa utilized this conceptualization to critique what he viewed as
an overreliance on the visual, rather than tactile, sense in architectural design. According
to Pallasmaa, inhabitants become “spectators,” experiencing archit ...
Ivan Jarina built his family's house in Marianka, near Bratislava to blend harmoniously with the local landscape and ecosystem. The architect observed the surroundings to seek inspiration from the local "genius loci" rather than modifying the context. Traditional and recycled materials were used like wood, bricks and stone to construct the house in a sustainable way. At the center of the house is an old apple tree, intended to divide the home into sections for adults and children while also connecting the family to nature. The goal was to create an eco-friendly home respecting the natural environment.
This document discusses reanalyzing the history of urban planning and design from a microscopic physiological perspective rather than the typical macroscopic aesthetic viewpoint. It argues that physiological factors like climate, disease, and infrastructure influenced urban development more than aesthetics and symbolism. Looking at the history through this "thermodynamic" lens reveals that functional needs often preceded formal considerations. It suggests reversing the typical cause-and-effect relationship used to understand urban planning history to recognize the microscopic physiological influences on macroscopic urban forms and patterns.
1. The document discusses how our current era is one of radical change due to new technologies like computers, similar to how the emergence of writing radically transformed humanity thousands of years ago.
2. It explores different perspectives on defining our current times, from information age to anthropocene to posthumanism. However, we do not fully understand the nature of information or computational processes.
3. The document also analyzes how the von Neumann architecture that underlies modern computers is similar to structures of power and control seen in ancient systems like Egyptian hieroglyphs, the military, and schools. It suggests these architectures framed human roles and relationships.
This document discusses the problem of vacant properties in many cities due to economic crises. It notes that significant amounts of office, commercial, and residential spaces lie abandoned in cities across Europe and North America. Vacant properties are harmful as they deteriorate and degrade surrounding areas. Various responses have emerged to address vacancy, including temporary reuse programs, community mapping initiatives to inventory vacant spaces, and new approaches in urban planning focused on flexibility and small-scale interventions. Mapping vacancy is a first step, while long-term solutions require policies and designs tailored to converting individual vacant buildings to productive new uses.
This document summarizes the views of Murray Bookchin and William Morris on the relationship between humanity and nature in their ecological utopian visions. Bookchin saw humanity as "participants" in nature, arguing that domination of nature stems from domination of humans by humans. He advocated for non-hierarchical relationships between humanity and the environment. Morris portrayed a society with a partnership between humanity and nature, where people lived in harmony with the landscape through small-scale industries and stewardship of the land. Both thinkers provide instructive visions of sustainable societies through a rebalancing of humanity's relationship with the natural world.
1) The Urbino Academy of Fine Arts offers professional training in stage design and allows students to experiment with theatre spaces and imagine the world behind the stage.
2) A play called "End.less" was inspired by Monteverdi's opera "The Ballo of the Ungrateful Ladies" and Baudrillard's essay "Impossible Exchange," which discuss the impossible exchange between reality and virtual dimensions.
3) The play tells the story of a man named Enrico Rimasto who faces bureaucracy after his death, questioning whether it is truly the end or just another postponed apocalypse, representing the endless wait faced by unemployed youth.
You will be required to a complete a brief (~300 400 words) readSANSKAR20
The document provides instructions for a reading response assignment. Students must write a 300-400 word response addressing key ideas and takeaways from assigned readings, comparing them to other readings, and noting any lingering questions. The response should evaluate the readings, synthesize points across readings, and list any remaining questions. Specific questions are provided about readings discussing digital information transforming media, forms of media multitasking, and how media multitasking relates to losing "quiet spaces" from deep reading. Responses will be graded as outstanding, satisfactory, or unsatisfactory based on insights, consideration of readings, and addressing the guiding questions.
The document outlines the schedule and topics for workshop sessions on November 9, 2010. Slot 1 will cover topics like lifestyles, energy efficiency, water, soils and gardening. Slot 2 will discuss issues like global commons, sustainability frameworks and participation models. Slot 3 focuses on participation, dialogue and policymaking. Additional links and references are provided for further information on speakers and related events.
How Sustainable Is A Wind Energy System Environmental Sciences Essay .... Essay on Wind Energy - YouTube. Wind Power. - GCSE Science - Marked by Teachers.com. Narrative Essay: Wind energy essay. 10 Lines on Wind in English!! Short Essay on Wind !! Ashwin's World .... Solar & Wind Energy Resource Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well ....
Due date Saturday March 21, 2015.Answers for each question sho.docxjacksnathalie
Due date Saturday March 21, 2015.
Answers for each question should be at least 100 words.
1. Exam Questions:
Topic #3 – Economic Actors
1. Explain Myrdal’s concept of cumulative and circular causation and compare and contrast it to Veblen’s concept of cumulative causation.
2. Explain Robert Montgomery’s theory of how institutional practices come about and come to be thought of and practiced over time.
3. What is Montgomery’s theorized relationship between technological change and cultural change and give (articulate) an example outside of the Montgomery reading.
Reading:
1. Montgomery: Historical Fact
2. Myrdal: Institutional Economics
4. Exam Questions:
Topic #9 – Money
1. How does the standard story of the invention of money differ from the Institutionalist/Post Keynesian theory?
2. What does the Institutionalist/Post Keynesian theory of money says about the financial constraints on an economy to provisioning for the elderly?
Reading:
Wray: An irreverent overview of the history of money from the beginning of the beginning through to the present.
Question 1
a) The law that will be applied. . . .
b) The court will decide the effect of the the purported acceptance in the following way: . . .
c) The additional terms . . .
Question 2
a) She was only joking:
The offeror would argue that . . .
b) She didn't know that an offer was being made:
The offeror would argue that . . .
c) She knew she was signing an offer but he didn't read all of the terms:
The offeror would argue that . . .
d) She did not understand some of the terms and conditions:
The offeror would argue that . . .
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An irreverent overview of the history of money from the beginning of the begi...
L Randall Wray
Journal of Post Keynesian Economics; Summer 1999; 21, 4; ABI/INFORM Global
pg. 679
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Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with p ...
A Note On Transdisciplinary Thinking -Meaning Making Is An ArtBecky Gilbert
This document discusses transdisciplinary thinking and problem solving by examining the work of Leonardo da Vinci. It argues that disciplinary thinking can be limiting due to "self-limiting assumptions." It analyzes da Vinci's approach across his roles as artist, scientist, engineer, and eco-designer in understanding nature. The document summarizes da Vinci's approach into four concepts: 1) Transcendence through insights from diverse projects, 2) Seeing new possibilities through an interconnected worldview, 3) Leveraging meaningful connections between ideas for innovation, and 4) Mastery through understanding phenomena by connecting them through patterns.
- The Anthropocene refers to the current geological epoch where human activity has become the dominant influence on the environment, climate, and biosphere.
- It began during the Industrial Revolution around 1750-1800, marked by humanity's exploitation of fossil fuels at an unprecedented scale, massive deforestation, and the growth of industrial agriculture.
- Key indicators that will leave a lasting signature of the Anthropocene in the geological record include radioactive isotopes from nuclear weapons testing, plastic pollution, changes to the nitrogen and carbon cycles from fertilizer use and fossil fuel emissions, and potentially mass extinction of species.
Environmental Essay Contest. Town Launches Environmental Poster Contest for 4...Lauren Davis
Town Launches Environmental Poster Contest for 4th and 5th Grade .... Essay on Environment Environment Essay for Students and Children in .... Essay on Environmental Issues Environmental Issues Esssay for .... Write a short essay on Environment Essay Writing English - YouTube. We and our environment essay. Environmental essay Essay, Academic essay writing, Best essay writing .... World Environment Day Essay Competition St.Teresass College. National Environmental Writing Contest Concluded - bdenvironment.com. A Comprehensive Guide for Writing an Environmental Essay. Call for Entries: Earth Day Essay Contest 2022 Wilton Wildlife .... Environment Essay Topics - scholarships for black students. Environmental Science Essay Contest. Essay About Nature And Environment Free Essay Example. Short Essay About Environmental Conservation Sea Pollution. World Environment Day Essay Contest - Scholastic World - Contests for .... Top Environmental Essay Topics Ideas You Can Explore Writingapaper .... World Environment Day Essay Essay on World Environment Day for .... English Essay Natural Environment Global Warming. Environment Essay Economics - Year 12 HSC Thinkswap. Environmental Pollution Essay Assisting students with top-notch papers. Environmental Studies Earth Day Environmental Writing Contest .... Call for entries The 14th Eco-generation Environmental Essay Competition. Pin by Angela Carver on Student Competitions Essay competition, Essay .... PDF Online Essay Writing Competition quot;ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH; THE MOST .... Earth Day Poster and Writing Contest City of Hayward - Official website. Environmental Issues Essay Example - Free Essay, Term Paper Example .... Essay sample how we can help to protect the environment. National Environmental Writing Contest 2020 Launched - bdenvironment.com. 180 Excellent Environmental Essay Topics and Ideas. Environment Essay: Example, Sample, Writing Help ️ BookWormLab. Environmental Issues Essay. Essay on earth and environment. Save Mother Earth: An Essay. 2019-01-31 Environmental Essay Contest Environmental Essay Contest. Town Launches Environmental Poster Contest for 4th and 5th Grade ...
Environmental Essay Contest.pdfEnvironmental Essay Contest. National Environm...Donna Baun
Town Launches Environmental Poster Contest for 4th and 5th Grade .... Essay on Environment | Environment Essay for Students and Children in .... Essay on Environmental Issues | Environmental Issues Esssay for .... Write a short essay on Environment | Essay Writing | English - YouTube. We and our environment essay. Environmental essay | Essay, Academic essay writing, Best essay writing .... World Environment Day Essay Competition | St.Teresas's College. National Environmental Writing Contest Concluded - bdenvironment.com. A Comprehensive Guide for Writing an Environmental Essay. Call for Entries: Earth Day Essay Contest 2022 — Wilton Wildlife .... Environment Essay Topics - scholarships for black students. Environmental Science Essay Contest. Essay About Nature And Environment Free Essay Example. Short Essay About Environmental Conservation | Sea | Pollution. World Environment Day Essay Contest - Scholastic World - Contests for .... Top Environmental Essay Topics Ideas You Can Explore | Writingapaper .... World Environment Day Essay | Essay on World Environment Day for .... English Essay | Natural Environment | Global Warming. Environment Essay | Economics - Year 12 HSC | Thinkswap. Environmental Pollution Essay – Assisting students with top-notch papers. Environmental Studies | Earth Day Environmental Writing Contest .... Call for entries – The 14th Eco-generation Environmental Essay Competition. Pin by Angela Carver on Student Competitions | Essay competition, Essay .... (PDF) Online Essay Writing Competition "ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH; THE MOST .... Earth Day Poster and Writing Contest | City of Hayward - Official website.
Here are examples of evidence and assessments for different levels of student learning in this math lesson on polygons:
Exceeds Expectations:
- Content: Students can define different types of polygons (triangle, quadrilateral, etc.) and their properties without any aids. They can apply properties to solve multi-step problems.
- Language: Students actively participate in discussions, explaining their mathematical reasoning clearly and using precise vocabulary. They can answer higher-order thinking questions.
Meets Expectations:
- Content: Students can identify different polygons and state basic properties when using the word bank or textbook as a reference. They can solve one-step problems applying one property.
- Language: Students participate in discussions when called on, answering
Complexity A Guided Tour By Melanie Mitchell528Hz TRUTH
This document provides background information on complexity science and the emergence of complexity as a field of study. It discusses how reductionism was the dominant scientific approach but struggled to explain complex phenomena involving living systems, economies, technology and other real-world systems. In the 1980s, scientists realized these phenomena required an interdisciplinary approach beyond existing disciplines. This led to the founding of the Santa Fe Institute to study complex systems using new scientific foundations not yet developed. The document also provides some biographical context for the author and their interest in complexity science emerging from studies in computer science, artificial intelligence and computation in natural systems.
Photography and Art (graded)1. In the 19th century, the camera w.docxmattjtoni51554
Photography and Art (graded)
1. In the 19th century, the camera was a revolutionary invention. Did the invention of the camera change the arts? Why or why not?
Is there a relationship between movements such as realism and impressionism and the camera?
Imagining a world without modern technology
2. The reason it's good to pay attention to the course objectives is that they tell you what goals for the student are most important to the institutions and teachers that create the class. Therefore, they present obvious clues as to what will be tested, and the priorities by which papers are graded.
This week is a great example. One of the course objectives covered this week is, "given a significant technological advance (such as the printing press or camera), assess the effects of the technical breakthrough on culture and art."
Imagine what people and cultures were like without photography, recorded music, television, film, music videos, or anything electronic whatever. Much of what we take for granted would seem absolutely miraculous to them. Also, the whole nature and use of the human imagination has changed significantly.
You may want to use considerations such as this in responding to this particular discussion question. Or, take it in your own direction.
3. This is probably the kind of thing that only a Humanities teacher would be interested in, but the history of the development of color media for humanity's creative use is really a quite fascinating one - involving charred wood from ancient fires, naturally occurring vs. manufactured pigments, finishing a painting quickly before plaster dries, and even an essential creative use for eggs. And of course, much more.
Technological advances in the arts are not a recent phenomenon. They have been going on since the beginning:
Writing (ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt)
The tuba and the organ (Classical Rome)
The printing press (the 15th Century - one big reason the Protestant Reformation succeeded after several failed starts in previous centuries)
The modern piano (the 18th Century - a big part of the great emotion of Romantic music, like Beethoven)
Electronics (Think for a moment about how your experience of the arts - music especially - is affected by relatively recent advances in electronics)
There could be a whole course in history studying just such things.
4. Realism and Impressionism (graded)
For this week's discussion, choose realism or impressionism as a basis for your posts and discuss how your choice is manifested in any area of the humanities (i.e., painting, sculpture, literature, music, etc.), and give an example from any discipline in the humanities to illustrate how realism or impressionism influenced the work of art. Please be sure to give an analysis of how the work of art was influenced by the movement.
Here we go again. We get to look at more highfalutin academic words: Realism and Impressionism.
B. As I wrote before, though it's OK when you look.
Sample essay on ecosystem of the nile river. Essay on Ecosystem Restoration | Essay Writing on Ecosystem for Children. Essay on Ecosystems at Risk | Geography - Year 12 HSC | Thinkswap. (PDF) Restoration Ecolog y and the Ecosystem Perspective | Louis Toth .... Reflection essay: Essay on ecosystem. Creation Of Ecosystems Essay. write essay on ecosystem restoration | easy & short essay on ecosystem .... Ecosystem Restoration Essay // Essay on Ecosystem Restoration// - YouTube.
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107
IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn
Architects—from Vitruvius to Le Corbusier, Alberti to Wright, and Viollet-le-Duc to Kahn—
have discussed the importance of materiality in architecture. Since the beginning of
architectural history, designers and builders articulated both practical and theoretical
principles on how materials are to be procured, refined, stored, and assembled. Architecture
is, of course, the putting together of materials: stone, wood, brick, etc. Throughout much
of architectural history, architects focused on qualities of solidity, permanence, and
heaviness. In opposition, new materials have enabled new qualities: Can buildings be
more transparent, maybe ghostly or invisible? Can buildings become lighter, maybe able
to float? Can buildings be made to move, maybe daily? Exemplified by Diller and Scofidio’s
“Blur Building” at the 2002 Swiss Expo, where the primary building material was fog, the
exploration of “immateriality” in architecture is relatively new.
Building upon Vitruvius’ work, Leon Battista Alberti wrote at length about materials
and construction in “Book III” of The Art of Building in Ten Books, the original text for
this chapter. Alberti articulated the properties and procurement of various building
materials: timber, stone, brick, lime, and sand. He described how to “properly” refine
these materials, and to utilize them in construction. Beginning with the foundation, and
moving on to discussions of walls, roofs, and “pavements” (i.e., flooring), Alberti delivered
a systemic guide for constructing public buildings, predominantly based on objective,
practical, empirical, and technical expertise. Durability, much more than aesthetics, was
Alberti’s primary concern throughout the first half of his Ten Books, developing a seamless
translation from raw material—the natural properties of stone, wood, etc.—to built form.
This parallels Louis Kahn’s famous dialogue with a brick, where he asks the brick what it
wants to be, and the brick, in Kahn’s words, says, “I like an arch.”1
Finnish architect and theorist Juhani Pallasmaa saw the process of construction
not only as an extension of material properties but also as an extension of the human
body. In The Eyes of the Skin: Architecture and the Senses, the reflective text for this
chapter, Pallasmaa asserted, “Construction in traditional cultures is guided by the body
in the same way that a bird shapes its nest by movements of its body. Indigenous clay
1. This conversation appears in
the 2003 documentary film My
Architect, directed by Kahn’s
son Nathaniel Kahn.
Introducing Arch Theory-01-c 7/12/11 13:24 Page 107
and mud architectures in various parts of the world seem to be born of the muscular and
haptic senses.” Pallasmaa utilized this conceptualization to critique what he viewed as
an overreliance on the visual, rather than tactile, sense in architectural design. According
to Pallasmaa, inhabitants become “spectators,” experiencing archit ...
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Fire engine red.
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Józef Raczek (1922-1990) – malarz, rzeźbiarz, kolekcjoner,
autor sztuk teatralnych i bajek.
„Orędownik Sądecczyzny” swój dom, zwany „Oficyną Raczków”,
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Sztuka była dla niego niczym pamiętnik – uwiecznił starosądecki rynek, klasztor klarysek, kapliczki, św. Kingę. Malowidła znajdujące się w sieni przybliżają nam kulturę i historię Starego Sącza, a na podwórku wciąż jeszcze rzeczywistość miesza się z bajką.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
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Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
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Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
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Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
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In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
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This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
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• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
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Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
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Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Rownowaga 1 uk-27-32
1. On Ecology and a Dubious Ethos
of Technological Determinism
‘Well, well, well, at least there’s a precise
definition here,’ J. Reinforced-Concrete read
under his breath. ‘»In the current state of
civilisation, sustainable development is possible, it is the kind of development where the
needs of the present generation can be satisfied without decreasing the chances of the
future generations to satisfy theirs, too»’.
Architects are so used to meeting ghosts that, hardly
surprised, J. R.-I., M.Eng. made coffee and served it to
his guests. This is how that literary evening began.
And, as if to confirm his words, Straw Mulchman showed a few pictures.
Act 1: On Eco-development and
Surplus Words
The reader may wonder who Straw Mulchman is. It is
a personification of a straw mulch, which, in folklore,
should not be offended for fear it may play tricks on the
offender. It may also represent inability to act (trans.
note).
J. REINFORCED-CONCRETE: Whoa! If the term
comprises ‘development’, it is, I suppose,
about developing, and not going back to clay
and straw. I like technology and I’d like to see
2
World Commission on Environment and Development,
Our Common Future, Oxford: Oxford University Press,
1987.
1
autoportret 3 [42] 2013 | 27
ROWNOWAGA_1_UK_cs4-3.indd 27
ouse.at/
‘To me, it’s clear,’ replied Straw Mulchman2,
turning up on the window sill. ‘It’s about two
kinds of fairness: one, between regions in the
world, and the other, between generations. All
later interpretations of the report are tons of
cosmetics which dilute this one word: »fairness». Let me add, for the sake of clarity, that to
me the conditions of sustainability are fulfilled
only by low-tech buildings made of natural
materials: straw, such as this,’ he said, taking
out some straw from his shoes, ‘and clay, wood,
possibly also recycled materials’.
://www.s-h
John Reinforced-Concrete, M.Eng., M.Arch., lover of
black turtlenecks and global architecture, was reading Our Common Future, the famous Brundtland
report of 19871, which introduced the concept of sustainable development. He was looking for a quotation
to describe his project when he found one… He did
not know, however, that more and more ghosts were
congregating in his study…
‘…But what does it actually mean?’ asked a
toga-clad ghost of Socrates who was leaning
against the drawing board.
Photo: http
Prologue
Photo: m. siplane
SOCRATES
AND ENTHUSIASM
FOR STRAW
Photo: m. siplane
Marcin Mateusz Kołakowski
Above: Salto Architects, Straw Theatre – temporary
headquarters of the NO99 theatre ensemble, Tallinn,
Estonia, 2010-2011
Below: Robert Wimmer (Gruppe Angepasste
Technologie, Technische Universität Wien), S-House –
house of straw and wood, Böheimkirchen, Austria, 2005
13-10-30 14:40
2. sustainable development as a new impulse for
ecology to go hand in hand with technological
development. I suppose it must be feasible.
STRAW MULCHMAN: And here’s the rub… The
term ‘sustainable development’, or equally unfortunate ‘sustainability’, is the weakest point
in the whole definition. I preferred the original
Polish translation ‘eco-development’ which
was still widely used back in the 1990s. It had
at least something to do with ecology. Since it
was changed into ‘sustainable development’, all
sorts of platitudes emerged. ‘Sustainability’ has
been even more ambiguous from the start. Experts in this field, such as Layard and Davoudi,
claim that there can be ‘strong’ sustainable
development, which encompasses both the need
to restrict and to maintain ethical standards,
and ‘weak’ sustainable development, which is
satisfied with just a few changes within the
present system3. To me, the difference consists
in the different meanings of ‘fairness’, and
bending the definition. I’ve seen so many
companies eagerly adorn their reports with this
term, claiming that for the sake of ‘sustainability’ their company had to outsource to
Malaysian companies which were not restricted
by employment standards and ecology. What do
you say to that, Socrates? Why are you silent?
What do you think of our reading today?
SOCRATES: First of all, friends, there’s quite a
lot of text in this text. Anyway, it’s the same
with most writing on ecology: there are many
letters here. Over the past quarter-century
reprints have got stuck in reprints of an even
greater number of letters and writings, and
something important has got lost in the process.
Straw Mulchman is referring to the distinction between
‘weak’ and ‘strong’ sustainable development discussed e.g.
in: Antonina Layard, Davoudi Simin, Sustainable Development and Planning: An Overview [in:] Antonina Layard,
Davoudi Simin, Batty Susan (eds.), Planning for Sustainable Future, London: Spoon Press, 2001.
3
J. REINFORCED-CONCRETE: Socrates, please,
don’t tell me you’re against writing as such!
You can’t be that backward! You can’t rationally undermine written word.
SOCRATES: Yes, you can!
J. REINFORCED-CONCRETE: But it’s not just
negating technology; it’s undermining civilisation.
SOCRATES: Let me tell you a story I once told my
pupils, which my pupil Plato wrote down in his
little book Phaedrus. To me, this story is not only
about writing but also of many new inventions,
on technology, and ecology, as well… Here goes:
‘At the Egyptian city of Naucratis, there was a
famous old god, whose name was Theuth […]
and he was the inventor of many arts, such as
arithmetic and calculation and geometry and
astronomy and draughts and dice, but his great
discovery was the use of letters. Now in those
days the god Thamus was the king of the whole
country of Egypt […]. To him came Theuth and
showed his inventions, desiring that the other
Egyptians might be allowed to have the benefit
of them; he enumerated them, and Thamus
enquired about their several uses, and praised
some of them and censured others, as he approved or disapproved of them. […] But when
they came to letters, This, said Theuth, will
make the Egyptians wiser and give them better
memories; it is a specific both for the memory
and for the wit. Thamus replied: O most ingenious Theuth, the parent or inventor of an art is
not always the best judge of the utility or inutility of his own inventions to the users of them.
And in this instance, you who are the father of
letters, from a paternal love of your own children have been led to attribute to them a quality which they cannot have; for this discovery of
yours will create forgetfulness in the learners’
souls, because they will not use their memories;
they will trust to the external written charac-
ters and not remember of themselves. The specific which you have discovered is an aid not to
memory, but to reminiscence, and you give your
disciples not truth, but only the semblance of
truth; they will be hearers of many things and
will have learned nothing; they will appear to
be omniscient and will generally know nothing;
they will be tiresome company, having the show
of wisdom without the reality’4.
J. REINFORCED-CONCRETE: Do you mean I’m a
wiseacre because I like technology and prefer
clear, precise statements to ambiguous speculations about fairness and ecology, which each
of us defines differently? What do we need
this verbal candy floss for?
STRAW MULCHMAN: But what do you mean,
we don’t know what it is? The concept of
ecology was coined in 1866 by Ernst Haeckel in
Generelle Morphologie der Organismen, where he
described it as a science focusing on relations
between organisms and their surroundings…
Speaking of relations, Straw Mulchman continued, today, to translate it into the language
of architecture, we’d speak of a context,
contacts, attitude to other people, to nature…
of relationships: in other words, of problems
which people commonly call love. Let’s not be
afraid of this word – love – because it has a lot
to do with ecology... Perhaps everything!
aCt 2: on delusive nuMbers and
diagraMs
J. REINFORCED-CONCRETE: Love?! Fairness?!
Either you are in a mood for teasing, or you’ve
lost your mind. How can you give any sensible
tips for architects based on such romantic
esoterica?
4
This and other themes of the discussion between Socrates and Phaedrus can be found in Plato, Phaedrus, trans.
Benjamin Jowett, http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/phaedrus.
html (access: 15.10. 2013).
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3. SOCRATES: Do you think that if something
cannot be measured, it’s not worth considering? I think otherwise. There are too many
people around who know the price of everything, but know the value of nothing. In his
laboratory, Albert Einstein had an inscription,
‘Not everything that can be counted, counts.
Not everything that counts can be counted’.
Don’t you think that featuring materials MJ/
kg and leaving out the weight of a product
is actually deceitful? After all, concrete is 24
times heavier than straw so there is actually
much less of it at the same weight. What’s
more, each of these materials has a different
function and listing them together may be
misleading. What value are these figures then?
J. REINFORCED-CONCRETE: But Einstein also
said: E=mc2, and that was very precise. Energy
is a sensible starting point for conversation,
especially a conversation on sustainable development.
J. REINFORCED-CONCRETE: And yet a light
concrete block has a relatively mild impact on
CO2 pollution.
SOCRATES: All right then, let’s talk about
energy in architecture. How important is
it, from your point of view, for sustainable
development?
J. REINFORCED-CONCRETE: It’s elementary! Fundamental! You can measure energy
consumption, and calculate it into fuel, and
through it - into environmental pollution and
carbon footprint, etc. In architecture, if we
want to walk about ecology in a sensible way,
we must talk of ‘inbuilt energy’, the energy
we have to use in the process of manufacturing materials, their shipment and building.
In this way, we’ll obtain precise data. We’ll be
able to compare and determine that we need
about 88 MJ to manufacture 1 kilogram of Styrofoam, 35 MJ to produce 1 kilogram of steel,
10 MJ for a kilogram of wood, 3 MJ for a brick,
0.9 MJ for straw and only 1.1 MJ for concrete.
SOCRATES: Excellent! You’re speaking wisely.
Interestingly, this data implies that steel is
a dreadful pollutant, not good at all, while
concrete (like straw) is fairly harmless. I’ve often seen this data, especially at presentations
made by concrete-manufacturing companies.
Can I ask you also to complete the table with
a column showing the weight of materials…
SOCRATES: Yes, I recognise this argument
from concrete ads! But it’s deceptive when
speakers first eagerly discuss the properties of
a light concrete block, which indeed contains
less cement, and then imperceptibly stretch
the ad and all its claims onto all types of concrete, focusing on modern elegance of these
materials. Owing to such presentation of data,
you can form an impression that concrete is
one of the most ecologically friendly materials, while, as you know, it’s not. Manufacturing one ton of cement produces one ton of CO2,
and the cement industry is one of the major
pollutants on our planet, responsible as it is
for 5 to 8 % of all man-made pollution. If we
really care for the environment, shouldn’t
we start introducing changes right there, by
restricting the use of this product?
STRAW MULCHMAN: And besides… speaking
of well-being… would you be happy living
next to a cement factory…how much of that
happiness would there be per one m2?
SOCRATES: At any rate, tables are too colourful, too straight-forward and absorbing, and
also very deceptive… To have a big picture,
you need to take more factors into account
and ask, is this material recyclable? How
easily (we know that it is easy to recast steel,
while it is considerably more difficult in the
case of reinforced concrete)? Is it easy to
build with it and repair it on your own? Is the
material biodegradable? How much rubbish
shall we leave to future generations (buildings
made of natural materials will give the future
generations the opportunity to build their
own architecture from scratch)? As to energy
and figures, perhaps it might be more reasonable to compare materials in a more holistic
way and in a proper context, for instance: how
much energy is necessary to make whole walls
of the same thermoinsulating power (e.g.
U=0,11W/m2K)? Here, straw walls are 16 times
superior to Styrofoam-insulated concrete
walls. Just think about it: not 2, not 4, not 8,
but 16 times superior.
J. REINFORCED-CONCRETE: Don’t throw the
baby out with the bathwater. Calculating
energy is vital to understand how harmful materials can be. Another important concept in
this field is for example ‘exploitation energy’,
that is the energy used in the building for
heating, ventilation, cooling, air conditioning
and work of various appliances. We can arrive
at major conclusions by comparing inbuilt
energy with exploitation energy. It turns out
that inbuilt energy is three times smaller
than exploitation energy… the conclusions
are fundamental: to protect the environment
effectively, we have to invest in technological
solutions which, when used in buildings, will
prove energy-saving. It follows, too, that it
is much less important if buildings are built
with any particular materials. The whole fuss
about natural materials that Straw Mulchman’s making is actually hassle over trifles.
SOCRATES: I can see you’re numerate. I
recognise the numbers and diagrams you’re
referring to from presentations by companies which speak of ventilation and heating,
willing to sell their products. Are you aware,
though, that the data you’re quoting refers
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4. mainly to poorly insulated office blocks of the
1980s and .90s? Also, a well-insulated building, such as a straw house, with well-designed
thermal mass, will not need heating at all.
Secondly, a lot has changed since the .80s. As
long as buildings comply with norms and are
well-designed, in 10 years’ time their operating energy will amount to only 5%. It means
that inbuilt energy has to be an important
consideration in discussions on energy-efficiency. Straw Mulchman is a slightly crazy
zealot but I wouldn’t reject his arguments.
Act 3: On Different Kinds of Questions and Who Likes Technology
STRAW MULCHMAN: But why don’t we try to
measure happiness per m2? I see that technological thinking is taking us nowhere.
J. REINFORCED-CONCRETE: Why taking us nowhere? Why aren’t we talking of so many new,
sometimes brilliant solutions: solar batteries,
biomass stoves, heat and grey-water recovery
systems, of ventilation, heat pumps, electricity-generating photovoltaic cells, or of new
solutions in passive houses? It’s so fascinating!
SOCRATES: Of course, it is! Of course there are
some fascinating, good solutions and inventions! It’s a subject for our next meetings. But
I believe that before we start discussing each
of those inventions, there must be room for
reflection and questions. Who invents these
appliances? What for? How much happiness do
they give to us, and how much to the environment? What kinds of happiness, anyway? When
should we use them? And, more importantly,
when is it not advisable to use them? I am not
against good inventions but let me be skeptical.
For thousands, millions of years ecosystems
evolved supporting life on earth. For thousands
of years people lived in a sustainable way; there
was no need to invent terms for it. They didn’t
steal resources from the next generations.
Since the industrial revolution everything has
changed, we’ve been euphoric over new inventions from the steam engine to Facebook... They
have always been enthusiastically welcomed
but not always that beneficial – remember asbestos or housing estates made up of apartment
blocks? Over just one hundred years advances
in technology and inventions have changed the
world which had been sustainable for millions
of years. Some people’s lives are incomparably
easier but at what cost to other people and the
environment? We are too strong and too irresponsible, too unfair to the next generations
and to nature. Mass extinction of species has
been called the sixth disaster. It is estimated
that from 27,000 to 40,000 animal and plant
species become extinct annually as a result
of human inventions! Ever since the 1990s it
has been suspected that the use of inventions
such as pesticides has contributed to the mass
extinction of bees. It means that by 2000 their
population had diminished in some regions, including Europe, by 90 %. Our native bumblebees
have become an endangered species! Einstein,
who you refer to, said that if the bee disappeared from earth, the human species would
have four years left. Unpredictable climate
changes may make come true the bleak scenario
of an ecological disaster, mass human migrations, and fossil fuel and water wars. Let’s hope
it won’t happen… but it is viable. The only ones
to doubt it are a group of environmental skeptics who, it has recently been revealed, have
received a total of 118 million dollars from oil
companies to undermine ecological reports. Do
we want to be as cheerful and easygoing as they
are? Doesn’t this situation call for reflection
and a few questions, before we start to praise
each new invention?
J. REINFORCED-CONCRETE: All right, all right.
If you approach it so philosophically, let me
quote Robert Pirsig, a famous philosopher of
technology, who said that if Buddha was everywhere, he must be present in machines, too,
and that it was not possible for the technical
part of the world to exist separately from the
humanistic side. I am fascinated by technology so I like to put it in my buildings and I
know my clients like it, too.
STRAW MULCHMAN: No, you don’t! All you
like is buying technology, and not developing it – that makes a tremendous difference!
You don’t like repairing it and you’re not that
interested to know how something is constructed, how it works and whether it’s recyclable. Your designs are based on ready-made
products from catalogues. Instead of being a
designer, you’ve become a sales representative of gadgets. A client whose only ethics is
to know what’s trendy. You are a necessary
cog in the machine of a system which mainly
wants to possess. But you know what? If you
don’t know what something is made of and
how to repair it, then you actually don’t possess it. Look at advertisements for sustainable
design… they’re just product catalogues.
J. REINFORCED-CONCRETE: It’s easy to throw
insults. At least I’m not nihilistically taking
technology back to when Queen Anne was alive,
like those who build of straw, who have turned
their hatred of technology into their banner!
STRAW MULCHMAN: Quite the opposite – they
do like technology. They keep on developing it,
experimenting to come up with more userfriendly solutions that will also be friendly to
nature and to future generations. Please, go to
a construction site where natural materials are
used, and you’ll hear discussions on technology
and technological solutions and their impact on
the environment and people. Those involved in
such building will not only ask ‘how to do something?’ but also ‘why do it?’ or even ‘is it possible
not to do it?’ – the latter is also a thoroughly
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5. technological question. If you go to a high-tech
construction site, you’ll mainly hear conversations on how to finish building the fastest and
cheapest way possible. What does it mean?…
J. REINFORCED-CONCRETE: Listen, Straw
Mulchman, you don’t even have architecture
qualifications. You don’t understand the
situation at a construction site. Of course we
are concerned about the deadlines and costs,
but we also care about beauty and quality…
and technology is a part of it. Those primitive
buildings made of straw and clay you’re so
much in favour of are backward – it’s a trap
contemporary architecture should avoid.
STRAW MULCHMAN: It’s sad and surprising
how little you know of natural architecture.
You’ve been taken in by those who want to
discredit it because it’s against their interests.
It’s sheer calculation on their part, while you
are just ignorant. I wish you could see how
varied natural buildings can be. They can be
both simple, classical, and modern.
Act 4: On Technological Determinism, the Mafia, Politics and
Dangerous Regulations
J. REINFORCED-CONCRETE: Why do you have
it in for technology? It’s everything we do.
You can’t evaluate it in terms of good and evil.
Technology is beyond morality. The only negative thing is a lack of technology development.
Every region in the world would like to catch
up with those that are more technologically
developed. Everyone prefers to have wellworking appliances rather than faulty ones.
Technology development goes side by side
with economic growth and is advocated by all
political parties from left to right. Owing to
the development of technology, we can solve
the major problems of today’s world, such as
crises, inflation or unemployment.
STRAW MULCHMAN (sarcastically): Oh yes!
But it makes me afraid when I think of those
politicians who have actually been successful
in curbing inflation, unemployment, crises or
overpopulation… Remember them?... Stalin,
Hitler, Pol Pot.
SOCRATES: Straw Mulchman, it was a cheap
shot. J. Reiforced-Concrete is not a fascist. He
believes that technology in itself is neither
good nor bad. However, if it were the case,
what point would there be discussing all
those relationships between technology and
ecology? Sustainable development involves
thoroughly ethical considerations.
J. REINFORCED-CONCRETE: I mean that
fighting technology development is tilting at
windmills.
SOCRATES: I’m afraid we’re touching upon the
problem of technological determinism, which
claims that technology must develop, and
that the process is unstoppable. If you come
to think about it, it’s quite dejecting and sad
if we assume that technology doesn’t depend
on us… that we can do nothing… that all we
can do is beautify that corpse which is dead
technology (because it’s not alive, after all).
I’d like to believe that there is an alternative.
J. REINFORCED-CONCRETE: I’m afraid you’re
the only one to think that way, Socrates…
SOCRATES: I don’t think so. Ever since Thomas
Kuhn wrote the groundbreaking Structure of
Scientific Revolutions back in the 1960s5, an interesting science called STS (Science, Technology and Society) has been developing. It has
become an acknowledged field of study which
analyses the influence of society on the develThomas Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions,
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962.
5
opment of science and technology. It is notable
that there is an STS book The Social Construction of Technology System at a small exhibition
presenting the most groundbreaking scientific
works at the famous MIT. It shows the illusory
nature of technological determinism through
evolution of various inventions, including
bicycles and plastics. The authors claim that
technology may equally well develop or not in
various directions, and the decisive factor is
public awareness and aspirations, as well as
relationships within the groups that are part
of it. And although I know that Straw Mulchman was being obtrusive today and you don’t
feel like listening to him anymore, you must
admit that the natural technologies he advocates may exemplify an alternative direction
of architecture development. Look, reinforced
concrete and plastics were developed in the
20th century; they were extensively researched
in a favorable cultural, political and economic
climate, so apart from the rational reasons
of their success, there were many additional
ones, which became trendy and were associated with modernity, so they were subsidised
by the state. Legislature, which strived to
fully codify building law, enhanced the role of
this material. Since it was required in many
parts of the building, such as the foundations
or lintels, etc., there was no alternative. And
yet for thousands of years houses, castles and
palaces had been built without reinforced concrete. The construction industry was struck by
a sudden amnesia. At the same time, natural
building of clay or wood, not to say straw, was
not developed. At the end of the 20th century
there were precious few examples of successful natural architecture… and even fewer
examples that might inspire architects and potential clients. Towards the end of the century
you might draw a conclusion that since clay,
wood and straw were old technologies that
had given way to concrete and plastic, the old
ones were inferior, while the new ones were
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6. superior. Many still think the way you do, Mr
Reinforced-Concrete. One might even propose
an analogy to Darwin’s theory. The changes
that have taken place over the last decade
show that technology development is neither
so linear nor so obvious. The concept of the
ethical consumer emerged in the society, denoting one who seeks products manufactured
following ethical standards. The greatest European fair, Ecobuild, in London presented tens,
if not hundreds, of natural materials, with
wood being the most popular. Almost one hundred years of neglect in the development of
natural materials is slowly being made up for.
Wood, which had been thrown on a scrap heap
a few years ago, is now a showcase of trendy
architects. What I want to say is that there are
many factors contributing to the development
of technology, which can only be understood
from a humanist perspective.
J. REINFORCED-CONCRETE: ... But should anyone support the use of concrete if it’s as bad
as you claim?... it’s some kind of conspiracy
theory.
STRAW MULCHMAN: Oh, there may be reasons
galore! And you don’t need to look far for fodder for conspiracy theories. Have you heard of
a New York mafia called ‘The Concrete Club’,
which took over all contracts related to cement
and concrete, if their value exceeded 2 million
dollars, like the New York designs by Ieoh Ming
Pei6? Those mafiosos are still doing time in prison but the concrete industry tends to monopolise and set up big corporations. The housing
industry could be very different now. Natural
building materials, including clay, straw blocks,
wood or stone, are usually available locally, and
by nature their production is decentralized.
6
http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1988/06/06/70628/
J. REINFORCED-CONCRETE: But nobody forbids
anybody to build of clay or straw.
STRAW MULCHMAN: Unfortunately, nobody
helps, either, and soon it may be effectively
hindered. That’s the main problem and the
reason why I’m so angry. Although there
are hundreds of examples in the world that
using these technologies we can build more
than just hobbit holes, for example imposing
public buildings, soon we may have to face the
situation that it will become illegal in Poland.
There are loud calls to introduce a law to make
it obligatory to certify all building materials.
As a result, clay and straw which have been
used for centuries, and which, as we’ve said,
need support and development, will become
illegal. It is unrealistic to expect straw blocks
or clay from every pit to be certified. Who does
it benefit, do you think? Do you still think I’m
talking about conspiracy theories?
SOCRATES: Not at all! Science is reasonable,
and so is knowledge of energy… But first
things first… what is energy, actually?
STRAW MULCHMAN: Energy, from the Greek, is
a property characterizing the ability to do work.
SOCRATES: That’s it! To DO WORK!... We’ve
spoken of inbuilt energy and exploitation
energy but we can also speak of potential energy, psychic energy, or vitality. What kind of
energy can architecture release in us… What
kind of work and activity can it encourage us
to do?
STRAW MULCHMAN: If we associate lodging
mainly with buying, then it does suck energy
out of our pockets. Then E=mc2 would mean
ENERGY = (money) x (credit) 2
SOCRATES: But buildings can give positive energy – encourage you to have fun and be active!
Epilogue: What E=mc2 means
SOCRATES: What worries me most in our conversation is the thought of how many people
would like to deal with problems of ecology and
technology using technological methods only.
STRAW MULCHMAN: I know… Socrates, now
you will probably want to quote Martin Heidegger, who wrote in ‘The Question Concerning Technology’ that the problem of technology is not a technological problem. In this, he
hit the mark. The problem of technology is a
humanistic problem… J. Reinforced-Concrete
is making a lot of fuss over technological
development, while what matters is a lack of
humanistic development.
J. REINFORCED-CONCRETE: Humanism is too
soft and too easily exposable to manipulations
by pseudoscientific swindlers. You may be
kind but stupid and it’s a pity that you don’t
appreciate my views on science… and energy.
STRAW MULCHMAN: That’s what it’s all
about! That’s the magic of low-tech building. Because these techniques are simple and
accessible, they encourage you to act. People
are craving opportunities to develop their surroundings because most activities have been
handed over to machines. And tangible building excites, gives us hope that we can act and
that technology depends on us. These natural
buildings made of clay, wood and straw have
the greatest energy… I think the phrase ‘straw
enthusiasm’7 should be changed into ‘enthusiasm for straw’.
Energy can be calculated with the following
formula:
Energy = (Potential) x (Man)2
or Energy = (love) x (willingness)2…
What do you say, Mr Reinforced-Concrete?
7
In Polish, the idiom ‘straw enthusiasm’ means ‘flash in
the pan’ (trans. note).
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