Role of open source technology in making digital India

Role of Open Source Software in
Building Digital India
By,
Ramesh S.Wadawadagi
Asst. Prof., Dept. of Computer Applications
Basaveshwar Engineering College (Autonomous), Bagalkot – 587 103
Delivered at BVVS SRVR Polytechnic College, Guledgudda – 587 203
A Presentation on

Agenda

Digital India Fundamentals

Open Source Software (OSS)

Role of OSS in Building Digital India

Evolution of eGovernance in India

The journey of e-Governance initiatives in India took a broader
dimension in mid 90s for wider sectoral applications with emphasis on
citizen-centric services.

In view of this, Government of India launched National e-Governance
Plan (NeGP) in 2006.

The main objective of NeGP is to promote complete growth in areas
such as electronic services, products, devices and job opportunities.

What is Citizen-Centric Service ?

Objectives of Citizen Centric Services

Motivation
In order to transform the entire ecosystem of Public
Services through the use of information technology,
the Government of India has launched the Digital
India programme.

What is Digital India ?

A programme initiated by Department of Electronics and Information
Technology (DeitY), Government on India, to transform India into a
digitally empowered society and knowledge economy.

Basically designed to prepare India for a knowledge future.

The focus is on being transformative – to realize IT + IT = IT.
(Indian Talent+ Information Technology = India Tomorrow)

The focus is on making technology central to enabling change.

What is Digital India ?

It is an Umbrella Programme – covering many departments.

It weaves together a large number of ideas and thoughts into a single,
comprehensive vision so that each of them is seen as part of a larger
goal.

Each individual element stands on its own. But is also part of the
larger picture.

It is coordinated by DeitY, but, implemented by the entire
government.

Vision of Digital India
Centered on 3 Key Areas
1.To provide Digital Infrastructure as a Utility to Every
Citizen.
2.To provide Governance & Public Services on Demand
3.To make Citizens Digitally Empower

Vision Area 1:
Infrastructure as a Utility to Every Citizen

High speed internet as a core utility.

A platform for digital identity - unique, lifelong, online, private,
integrated, authenticable, and nonrepudiation Cyber-space.

Mobile phone & Bank account enabling participation in digital &
financial space.

Easy access to a Common Service Centre.

Shareable private space on a public cloud.

Vision Area 2:
Governance & Services on Demand

Seamlessly integrated across departments or jurisdictions.

Services available in real time from online & mobile platform.

All citizen entitlements to be available on the cloud.

Services digitally transformed for improving ease of doing
business.

Making financial transactions electronic & cashless.

Leveraging GIS for decision support systems & development.

Vision Area 3:
Digital Empowerment of Citizens

Universal Digital Literacy.

Universally accessible digital resources.

All documents/ certificates to be available on cloud.

Availability of digital resources/ services in Indian languages.

Collaborative digital platforms for participative governance.

Portability of all entitlements through cloud.

Approach and Methodology for
Digital India Programme
Ministries/ Departments/ States would fully utilize the Common and Support of ICT
Infrastructure established by GoI.
The existing/ ongoing e-Governance initiatives would be suitably revamped
to align them with the principles of Digital India.
States would be given flexibility to identify for inclusion additional state-specific projects,
which are relevant for their socio-economic needs.
e-Governance would be promoted through a centralised initiative to the extent necessary,
to ensure citizen centric service orientation.
Successes would be identified and their replication promoted proactively with the required
productization and customisation wherever needed.

Approach and Methodology for
Digital India Programme
Public Private Partnerships would be preferred wherever feasible to implement e-Governance
projects with adequate management and strategic control
Adoption of Unique ID would be promoted to facilitate identification,
authentication and delivery of benefits.
Restructuring of NIC would be undertaken to strengthen the IT support to all government
departments at Centre and State levels.
The positions of Chief Information Officers (CIO) would be created in at least 10 key
Ministries so that various e-Governance projects could be designed

Nine Pillars of Digital India

Pillar 1. Broadband Highways
Broadband for all
Rural
Broadband for all
Urban
National Information
Infrastructure

Pillar 2. Universal Access to
Mobile connectivity
Universal Access
to mobile
connectivity

Pillar 3. Public Internet Access Programme –
National Rural Internet Mission
CSCs –
made viable, multi-
functional end-points
for service delivery
Post Offices
to become
Multi-Service
Centres

Pillar 4. e-Governance:
Reforming Government through Technology

Government Business Process Re-engineering using IT to improve transactions

Form simplification, reduction

Online applications and tracking, Interface between departments

Use of online repositories e.g. school certificates, voter ID cards, etc.

Integration of services and platforms – UIDAI, Payment Gateway, Mobile Platform,
EDI

Electronic Databases – all databases and information to be electronic, not manual

Workflow automation inside government

Public Grievance Redressal - using IT to automate, respond, analyse data to identify
and resolve persistent problems – largely process improvements

To be implemented across government - critical for transformation.

Pillar 5. eKranti -
Electronic Delivery of Services
 Technology for Education – e-Education

All Schools connected with broadband

Free wifi in all schools (250,000)

Digital Literacy program

MOOCs – develop pilot Massive Online Open
Courses
 Technology for Health – e-Healthcare

Online medical consultation

Online medical records

Online medicine supply

Pan-India exchange for patient information

Pilots – 2015; Full coverage in 3 years
 Technology for Planning

GIS based decision making

National GIS Mission Mode Project
 Technology for Farmers

Real time price information

Online ordering of inputs

Online cash, loan, relief payment with mobile
banking
 Technology for Security

Mobile Emergency Services
 Technology for Financial Inclusion

Mobile Banking

Micro-ATM program

CSCs/ Post Offices
 Technology for Justice

e-Courts, e-Police, e-Jails, e-Prosecution

Pillar 6. Information for All

Online Hosting of Information & documents
– Citizens have open, easy access to information
– Open data platform

Government pro-actively engages through social media and Web based
platforms to inform citizens
– MyGov.in
– 2-way communication between citizens and government

Online messaging to citizens on special occasions/programs

Largely utilise existing infrastructure – limited additional resources needed

Pillar 7. Electronics Manufacturing
Target NET ZERO IMPORTS by 2020

Target NET ZERO Imports is a striking demonstration of intent (Make In India)

Ambitious goal which requires coordinated action on many fronts

Taxation, Incentives

Economies of Scale, Eliminate cost disadvantages

Focused areas – Big Ticket Items

FABS, Fab-less design, Set top boxes, VSATs, Mobiles, Consumer &
Medical Electronics, Smart Energy meters, Smart cards, micro-ATMs

Incubators, clusters

Skill development

Government procurement

There are many ongoing programs which will be fine-tuned.

Existing Structures inadequate to handle this goal. Need strengthening.

Pillar 8. IT for Jobs
Train people in smaller
towns & villages for IT
sector jobs
IT/ITES in NE
Train Service Delivery Agents
to run viable businesses
delivering IT services
Telecom service providers
to train rural workforce to
cater to their own needs

Pillar 9. Early Harvest Programmes
Wi-fi in All Universities
Secure email within
government
Standardize
government email
design

Pillar 9. Early Harvest Programmes
Public wifi hotspots
School Books to be
eBooks
SMS based weather
information, disaster
alerts
National Portal for Lost
& Found children

Organizational Structure of
Digital India
Institutional Mechanism at National Level

Composition of Monitoring Committee
on Digital India

Prime Minister – Chairman
• Finance Minister
• Minister of Communications & IT
• Minister of RD
• Minister of HRD
• Minister of Health

Special Invitees:
• Principal Secretary to PM
• Cabinet Secretary
• Secretaries of Expenditure, Planning, DoT and Posts
• Secretary, DeitY – Convener

Organizational Structure of
Digital India

Estimated Costs and Impacts

Overall Costs of Digital India

Rs 100,000 Cr in ongoing schemes (only DeitY, DOT & not incl. those in
other line Ministries)

Rs 13,000 Cr for new schemes & activities

Impact of Digital India by 2019

Broadband in 2.5 lakh villages, universal phone connectivity

Net Zero Imports by 2020

400,000 Public Internet Access Points

Wi-fi in 2.5 lakh schools, all universities; Public wi-fi hotspots for citizens

Digital Inclusion: 1.7 Cr trained for IT, Telecom and Electronics Jobs

Job creation: Direct 1.7 Cr. and Indirect at least 8.5 Cr.

e-Governance & e-Services: Across government

India to be leader in IT use in services – health, education, banking

Digitally empowered citizens – public cloud, internet access

Challenges & Changes Needed

Program on this scale never conceived

Each Pillar/program has own challenges

Human Resource Issues

Ministries – Need a Chief Information Officer / Chief Technology
Officer (CIO/CTO)

Financial Resource Issues

Coordination Issues

Role of FOSS in Building
Digital India

FOSS an extremely important aspect of
Digital India

The most important aspect of the Digital India is policies made by GoI
related to Open Source.

In 2015, Department of Electronics & Information Technology (DeitY)
of Ministry of Communication & Information Technology released
three major policies related to open source.

These policies are comprehensive and are potential game changers.

Three policies of Digital India related to
Open Source Software
1. Adoption of Open Source Software for Government of
India.
2. Policy On Collaborative Application Development by Opening
the Source Code of Government Applications.
3. Policy on Open Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) for
Government of India.

WHAT IS OPEN SOURCE ?
In production and development, open source is a philosophy, or a
methodology that promotes free redistribution and access to a product's
design or ideas and implementation details.
 Open as in free
 Open as in access
 Open as in over time
 Open as in not closed
 Open as in reuse and change
 Open as in any place and for anyone

OPEN SOURCE VS. CLOSED SOURCE
 View/Modify the source code of an application or software.
 Open source software is released to the development community
and undergoes a secondary phase of evolution, but closed source
software is developed in isolation with a small team of
developers.
 Developer support and large community to help.
 Open Source is more secure and bugs and vulnerabilities are
fixed often.

CRITERIA FOR OPEN SOURCE
 Source Code
 Derived Works
 Free Redistribution
 Distribution of License
 Integrity of The Author's Source Code
 License Must Not Restrict Other Software
 No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups
 No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor

HOW OPEN SOURCE WORKS ?

OPEN SOURCE DEVELOPMENT MODEL

ADVANTAGES OF OPEN SOURCE

Availability of source code

Source code to understand and learn from

Do not have to re-invent the wheel

Free as in “freedom”

Does not depend on vendor

Can choose additional support

Can fix bugs and adapt to change in requirements as well as
technology

Quality and Customizability in open source is better.

Costs much less than proprietary counterparts.

SOME DISADVANTAGES OF OPEN SOURCE

Not generally straightforward to use and requires a certain
learning curve to use and get accustomed.

Incompatibility issue with software and hardware. (3rd
party
drivers)

Bad Codes, and some unqualified people who uses it.

Software quality assurance process is widely not transparent

No financial incentive.

EXAMPLES OF OPEN SOURCE
Application software :

7-Zip

Eclipse

GIMP

Chromium

Blender

Mozilla Firefox

Open Office
Operating Systems:
 Android
 Linux
 FreeBSD
 ReactOS
 Haiku
 FreeDOS
Programming Language :
 Perl
 PHP
 Python
 Ruby
 PHDL
 Prolog

Server Software:
EXAMPLES OF OPEN SOURCE

OPEN SOURCE DIGITAL CONTENT

MORE EXAMPLES- ANDROID

Linux-based operating system designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices
such as smartphones and tablet computers.

Android is open source and Google releases the code under the Apache License
after acquiring it from Android Inc.

Most widely used mobile platform with over 7,00,000 apps in google play store,
over 25 billion app downloads with 750 million devices running on Android.
 Android Source Code Available at : http://source.android.com/

MORE EXAMPLES - LINUX
Linux is a computer operating system assembled under the model of free and
open source software development and distribution. Originated in the GNU
Project, initiated in 1983 by Richard Stallman, in the Free Software Foundation.
More than 90% of today’s supercomputers use Linux. It powers around 4.8% of
todays modern computers. Thousands of distros are available.

OPEN SOURCE OFFICE SOFTWARES

Open Office : Apache OpenOffice is an open-source office
productivity software suite with official website
OpenOffice.org, launched in 2002 under the Apache License

LibreOffice : Developed by The Document Foundation, it is
licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License
(LGPL). It supports Windows, Macintosh and GNU/Linux
systems.

NeoOffice : Primarily designed for Mac users and is
distributed under the GNU General Public License.

Koffice : It is a open source office suite licensed under the
LGPL. It is available for Windows, Linux, FreeBSD and Mac
OS X systems.

FREE AND OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE (FOSS)

Popularly known as FOSS Initiative Cell, established by Department of
Electronics and Information Technology, GOI.

Creating and enhancing value using Free & Open Source Software (FOSS)
within the ICT (Information and Communication Technology) framework for
providing efficient, Economical, Secured & quality services.

FOSS is stipulated by a liberal licensing policy that makes it possible to be
obtained free of charge along with the source code, which can be modified by
the user as per requirements.

Established with many objectives like increasing interoperability, developing
local capacity/ industry, reducing costs, achieving vendor independence,
enabling localization, reducing piracy/copyright infringements and increasing
growth of knowledge-based society are among the compelling reasons for
adopting FOSS.

FOSS MISSION

Research & Development in area of FOSS

Deployment of FOSS tools & technologies

Training & Support

Human Resource Development

MAJOR FOSS INITIATIVES

NRCFOSS - National Resource Centre for Free & Open Source Software

BOSS – Bharat Operating System Solutions

BOSS Support Centres

Enhancing Accessibility of FOSS desktops

GNU Compiler Collection Centre (GCC)

Open Source e-Learning Laboratory

Technology/ applications development for Mobile platforms

HR development in FOSS

Development of Service oriented Architecture for Kernel services

Bharti Sim: An Advanced Micro-architectural Simulator

Localization and Hardware Interface for Android Based mobile devices

Educational domain projects

INDO-US R&D Projects

MAJOR IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES

CDAC Chennai, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Delhi and AU KBC
Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, Bengaluru,
Thiruvananthapuram.

IIT-M, IIT-B, IIT-D, IIsc-Bengaluru

AU-DBC Chennai

Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kerala

ICFOSS, Kerala

AIIMS, Delhi

Dartmouth College & Rice University, USA

UCLA, USA

UMASS, USA

MAJOR PROJECTS IMPLEMENTED

CBSE Trainers Training & Students Talent Transformation

Computer Enabled Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) using
Adaptive Learning Technologies

Localization and Hardware Interfacing for Android / BOSS based devices

Bharati-Sim: An advanced Micro Architectural Simulator

Self Aware Service Oriented Component based Operating System

Foundation of Trusted and Scalable Last Mile Healthcare

Pervasive Sensing and Computing Technologies for Energy and Water
Sustainability in Buildings, Indo-US joint R&D Project

Designing a Smarter and Greener Electric Grid : A Sensor Data Driven
Approach – Indo-US joint R&D Project

MAJOR PRODUCTS
1. BOSS – Indian version of GNU/Linux coupled with user friendly desktop environment and softwares like Libre-Office office suite,
GIMP image manipulator, Orca screen reader, Iceweasel web browser, Evolution mail client, etc.
2. EduBOSS – Educational variant of BOSS, full-featured, user friendly linux operating system; pre-installed with educational
applications, games, paint & graphic tools, typing tutor and a host of tools & packages for learning & teaching useful for schools.
3. BOSS Server – BOSS server is a light-weight version of Debian based GNU/Linux with necessary security features enabled,
designed for hosting web server, proxy server, mail server, network server, database server, file & print server, virtualization server, etc.
Particularly useful for SMEs & Government organizations for hosting their website & internal servers.
4. Meghdoot – Indigenously developed cloud suite using free & open source softwares to offer cloud services.
5. Swar-Suchak – An open source voice enabled information retrieval system in multiple languages. The voice gateway successfully
integrates the mobile telephone network with automatic speech recognition system, text to speech system for Hindi & English and web
navigation system based on open standards using open source softwares only.
6. GEM – GEstures with Mouse (GEM) provide an input mechanism, developed for linux desktop, uses gestures to give input to the
system. Gestures can be drawn using mouse or some equivalent device like touchpad, joystick, etc. GEM provides support for
continuous as well as discontinuous gestures.
7. Anumaan – Anumaan is an open source, on-screen predictive text entry system to aid people with motor disabilities. It has been
integrated with Linux desktop and also available as a stand alone tool. Anumaan provides an easy to use interface for incorporating
predictions in text.
8. ALViC – Accessible Linux for Visually Challanged (ALViC) is a software based assistive technologies / solutions developed for
differently-abled people. The main aim is to make computer usage easier & affordable that will empower differently abled people to
use ICT services efficiently & effectively.
9. Creative Computing @ Schools – An educational e-journal for CBSE to share educational pedagogical experience by teachers and
students’ innovative ideas. As an e-product, it is cost-effective and has the advantage of quick & definite delivery to ‘student &
teacher’ community.
10. ILMS – Integrated Library Management System (ILMS) is a most advanced & cost effective open source automation solution for
Public, Academic and Digital Video Libraries with comprehensive functionality successfully integrating Koha & D-Space successfully
integrating Koha & D-Space.
11. CBSE Trainers Training & Students Talent Transformation

Conclusion

Digital India is flagship programme by GoI, to transform India into a
digitally empowered society and knowledge economy.

We are in the Open Source Revolution where people collaborate to create,
produce software or technology.

Based upon the key advantages of Open source technology, Department of
Electronics & Information Technology (DeitY) of Ministry of
Communication & Information Technology released three major policies
related to open source.

Adoption of Open Source Software for Digital India has a high success rate.

We can finally conclude that open source deserves the increasing popularity.

Important Resources
1. http://digitalindia.gov.in/
2. https://mygov.in/group/digital-india/
3. https://digitizeindia.gov.in/
4. https://deity.gov.in/
5. http://digitalindiamib.com
6. http://opensource.org

THANK YOU
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Role of open source technology in making digital India

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